4. AIAG-VDA FMEA Project Team
AIAG Work Group VDA Work Group
OEMs
FCA US LLC, Ford, GM,
Honda N.A., Daimler
Truck NA
Daimler AG, Ford
Europe, Volkswagen
AG, Adam Opel AG
Suppliers
Nexteer, Bendix, ON
Semiconductor,
ZF/TRW
Robert Bosch GmbH,
Continental, Schaeffler
AG, Knorr-Bremse, ZF
Friedrichshafen AG
5. FMEA Methodology Changes
Project Objectives Current Status
Alignment of the Severity, Occurrence,
and Detection tables between AIAG,
VDA, and SAE J1739
•One set of tables for DFMEA and
PFMEA
•A second set for MSR -
Alignment of Process
•A six step process
•New form sheet
Alignment of key terms and definitions One set of terms and definitions
改進了記錄和減少風險的方法
•Function focus
•4M
•AP instead of RPN
Alignment with ISO26262
“補充FMEA對監控和系統回應(MSR)”
的定義
確保方法可以使用Excel完成 通過驗證測試證實
15. Six Step Process
• 現況 - 範圍定義要求考慮所有生產過程並選擇應用
FMEA分析的過程。
• 新增 - 考慮工廠內可影響產品品質運送的所有過程,
並選擇應用PFMEA分析的流程。
• 以數據為基礎而應該分析哪些流程提供了指引,ie.
如果實驗室不良測試過程允許有缺陷的產品被送出,
就可以分析這些過程。
1st Step: Scope Definition
New Scope Definition Opens The Thought Process To Consider All Plant Processes For Analysis
16. Six Step Process
• 範圍步驟中的重點是:
1.定義要包含哪些內容並從FMEA中排除。
2. FMEA專案計劃,如重要日期,FMEA負
責人,潛在團隊成員,專案時間表等。
3.定義分析的界限。
1st Step: Scope Definition
This information gathered should be captured in the FMEA header as a minimum
17. Six Step Process
• Example of tools used in scoping
1st Step: Scope Definition
5T’s FMEA Team
– Who needs to be on the team?
FMEA Timing
– When is this due?
FMEA InTent
– Why are we here?
FMEA Tool
– How do we conduct the analysis?
FMEA Task
– What work needs to be done?
5T’s, Boundary block diagram, Process block diagram
18. Six Step Process
• 結構分析:在範圍設定步驟中,轉換收集
的資訊,以視覺化表現出設計或過程要素
之間的關係和相互作用。
• 結構分析是下一步(功能分析)的基礎
2nd Step: Structure Analysis
System Subsystem Product Component
19. Six Step Process
Visualization of the structure analysis
2nd Step: Structure Analysis
Boundary diagram, Structure trees – Design / Process
20. Six Step Process
• 在此步驟中,通過分配用於產品效能的活
動、目的或任務的描述來確保產品或過程
的功能。
3rd Step: Function Analysis
System Subsystem Product Component
Vehicle:
Safe Stop
passengers
Brake System:
Provide Vehicle
Deceleration
Caliper:
Convert fluid
pressure to
clamp force
Brake pad:
Transfer
friction to the
rotor
21. Six Step Process
Visualization of the function analysis
3rd Step: Function Analysis
P-diagram, Function tree, Function Matrix
22. Six Step Process
• 從步驟#3中已經確定的功能中扣除功能失效。
• 步驟#4是識別失效原因,模式和影響,並顯示它們之間的
關係以啟用風險評估。
4th Step: Failure Analysis
System Subsystem Product Component
Vehicle:
Safe Stop passengers
Brake System:
Provide Vehicle
Deceleration
Caliper:
Convert fluid pressure to
clamp force
Brake pad:
Transfer friction
to the rotor
Failure of the
vehicle function:
• Unable to safe
stop passengers
• Unable to
decelerate vehicle
•Delayed
deceleration
•Rapid deceleration
•Caliper failed to
convert fluid pressure
to clamp force
•Reduced conversion of
pressure to clamp force
Inner brake pad
width designed
too thin
Excessive friction
transferred to
the rotor
Failure of the
brake pad function
Failure of the
Caliper function:
Failure of the brake
system function:
24. Six Step Process
• 在這一步中,分配了預防和偵測管制,以及
嚴重度,發生度和偵測度的評比。
• 將介紹新方法以排序採取行動的優先性。
5th Step: Risk Analysis
FMEA form , Failure Net
Note: RPN will disappear
25. Six Step Process
• 優化的主要目標是通過改進設計或流程來製
定降低風險和提高客戶滿意度的行動。
• FMEA可作為設計或流程持續改進的基礎。
6th Step: Optimization
FMEA form , Failure Net
26. Change Points From Current AIAG
2017 Sample
of tools used
for FMEA
during a
training class
at AIAG.
Recognize, but
not require any
certain software
solution
FMEA TOOL USAGE
Microsoft Excel will work – Microsoft Excel will work – Microsoft Excel will work
27. Change Points From Current AIAG
SAMPLE REPORT OF A REPORT GENERATED BY FMEA DATABASE SOFTWARE
THE FMEA REPORT VIEW
28. Change Points From Current AIAG
SAMPLE REPORT OF A REPORT GENERATED BY FMEA DATABASE SOFTWARE
THE FMEA REPORT VIEW
29. Change Points From Current AIAG
SAMPLE REPORT OF A SPREADSHEET FILLED IN
THE FMEA SPREADSHEET
30. Change Points From Current AIAG
SAMPLE REPORT OF A SPREADSHEET FILLED IN
6-STEP PROCESS AND SPREADSHEET
31. Change Points From Current AIAG Fill-in-
the-Blanks Method
New manual & form sheet add structure to help drive team to a more complete
analysis
32. Change Points From Current AIAG Step
Analysis Method
2. STRUCTURE 3. FUNCTIONS 4. FAILURES
New manual & form sheet add structure to help drive team to a more complete analysis
33. Change Points From Current AIAG
如何完成FMEA-
目前
- “填入空白方法”目前手冊解釋了每一欄的用途,讓團
隊填寫包含:空白表格內的填寫資訊。
-由於左腦和右腦思維轉換而導致跨功能團隊的速度變慢
新增功能
- “步驟分析方法”新手冊解釋了每個步驟的作用,使團
隊可以考慮可能未考慮使用目前表單的項目。
-由於關注可能是左腦(S,O,D)或右腦(失敗分析)
任務的重點議程,因此跨功能團隊的工作更快
New manual & form sheet add structure to help drive team to a more complete analysis
34. Change Points From Current AIAG
Current AIAG 4th Ed FMEA
New AIAG-VDA FMEA
DFMEA
35. Change Points From Current AIAG
Current AIAG 4th Ed FMEA
New AIAG-VDA FMEA
PFMEA
36. Change Points From Current AIAG
Current AIAG 4th Ed FMEA
New AIAG-VDA FMEA
DFMEA
37. Change Points From Current AIAG
Current AIAG 4th Ed FMEA
New AIAG-VDA FMEA
PFMEA
Functions are Positive!
1 – 2 – 3
38. Change Points From Current AIAG
Current AIAG 4th Ed FMEA
New AIAG-VDA FMEA
DFMEA and PFMEA
Failures are Negative!
1 – 2 – 3
39. Change Points From Current AIAG
Current AIAG 4th Ed FMEA
New AIAG-VDA FMEA
DFMEA
40. Change Points From Current AIAG
Current AIAG 4th Ed FMEA
New AIAG-VDA FMEA
PFMEA
41. Change Points From Current AIAG
Current AIAG 4th Ed FMEA
New AIAG-VDA FMEA
DFMEA and PFMEA
45. Rating Tables - Severity
•The Severity rating (S) is a
measure associated with the
most serious failure effect for a
given failure mode of the
function being evaluated. The
rating shall be used to identify
priorities relative to the scope
of an individual FMEA and is
determined without regard for
occurrence or detection.
46. Change Points From Current AIAG
DFMEA Severity
Safety is 10 regardless of warning
Split Rating Of 10 And 9 Allowing For Alignment With Functional Safety Groups
47. Change Points From Current AIAG
PFMEA Severity
Manufacturing Effect Divided Into Two Columns. Rank 10 – Safety Rank 9 - Regulations
48. Rating Tables - Occurrence
•The Occurrence rating (O)
is a measure of the
likelihood of occurrence of
the cause, which results in
the failure mode during the
design life of the item,
taking into account the
associated prevention
controls.
DFMEA Occurrence
Occurrence Of Cause For DFMEA Based On Incidents Per Items/Vehicles
49. Change Points From Current AIAG
Note: A 10, 9, 8, 7 can drop to a 5 or 3 after testing.
Added Emphasis On Prevention Controls As Input To The Occurrence Rating
50. Change Points From Current AIAG
Occurrence Based On Process Maturity, Controls With A Summary
PFMEA Occurrence
51. Change Points From Current AIAG
Likelihood Of Detection Descriptions May Lead To Mixed Interpretation
DFMEA Detection
The Detection rating (D) is a
measure of the effectiveness of
the detection control to reliably
demonstrate the failure cause
or failure mode before the item
is released for production. The
detection rating is the rating
associated with the most
effective detection control.
52. DFMEA Detection Detection Controls rated according to
the best fit for each detection activity
performed prior to delivery of the
design for production
Blank until filled in by user
Considers Capability To Detect And Timing
54. Change Points From Current AIAG
• AP表格 - 確定行動重點
• 從當前AIAG更改點數
• 現在的情況 -
• 手冊承認,在資源有限的情況下,必須建立確定優先等級
的方法。
• 該手冊提供如何確定操作優先級的邏輯:
*審核高嚴重度先排序項目。
*使用RPN,無需設置閾值。
*遇到更高的RPN數並不代表就是團隊的下一個的工作的
項目。
*一個具邏輯案例,顯示如何在112的RPN上優先考慮90的
RPN。
The actual logic to drive prioritization is left to each company and is not on the form.
55. Change Points From Current AIAG
• 確定行動重點
• 從目前AIAG更改點數
• 目前的情況 –
• 上行 –
*手冊解釋了應該如何有邏輯規定使用嚴重度,發生度,
偵測等級和RPN組合的動作優先級。
• 下行 –
*何時使用,電子表格本身僅顯示排名編號和最終RPN。
有邏輯的方向是回到了手冊中。
*除非公司製定自己的程序來給團隊提供優先等級的
方法,否則最高的RPN可能是團隊最容易接受的方
法。
The actual logic to drive prioritization is left to each company and is not on the form.
56. Change Points From Current AIAG
• 新 - 行動優先權(AP)
• 從當前AIAG更改點數
• 行動優先 -
– 此表是基於邏輯建立的。
– 該邏輯考慮嚴重度水準,發生度和正在使用的偵測度
控制。
– 所有這些項目都是當前手冊建議在優先採取行動時要
考慮的事項。為了使表格可管理,表格將S,O和D的
類別組合在一起,例如嚴重度9/10,偵測度2〜4等。
– 每個組的組合分配了高、中和低優先等級。 該表涵蓋
了1000種可能的組合。
– 每個H,M和L表中列出了邏輯或理由。
Action Priority Table is logic based and the results can be seen on the form
57. Change Points From Current AIAG
New – Action Priority (AP)
Severity then Occurrence then Detection followed by AP
Action Priority shows the breakdown of S, O & D, the results and explains the logic
10 (Sev) x 4 (Occ) x 2 (Det) = 80 RPN
3 (Sev) x 8 (Occ) x 5 (Det) = 120 RPN
58. Change Points From Current AIAG
行動優先 -
新的AP表
*手冊中推薦的邏輯內置於表中。
*當使用者在他們面前使用表格或軟體時,基
於邏輯的優先等級驅動高、中或低。
Manual logic applied to the Table and shows the results to the users.