This document provides information about touchscreens and touchless touchscreen technology. It discusses the history and development of touchscreen technology. It describes how traditional touchscreens work using touch sensors, controllers, and drivers. It then introduces touchless touchscreen technology, which allows interaction through hand gestures in front of the screen rather than physical touch. Examples of touchless touchscreen products include touchless monitors, touch walls that can turn entire walls into touch interfaces using projected screens, and gesture-based user interfaces. The document explores several companies developing touchless technology solutions.
Smart Note Taker is a helpful product that satisfies the needs of the people in today's technologic and fast life. This product can be used in many ways. The Smart Note Taker provides taking fast and easy note making to people who are busy with one's self.
With the help of Smart Note Taker, people will be able to write notes in air, while being busy with their work. The written note will be stored in the memory chip of the pen, and will be able to read in digital medium after the job is done. This saves time and facilitate life.
This product is simple but powerful. It has the ability to sense 3D shapes and motions that the user tries to draw. The sensed information will be processed and transferred to the memory chip and then will be monitored on the display device. The shape that is drawn can be broadcasted to the network or sent to a mobile device.
It was the touch screens which initially created great foregone are the days when you have to fiddle with the touch screens and end scratching up. Touch screen displays are ubiquitous worldwide. Frequent touching a touchscreen display with a pointing device such as a finger can result in the gradual de-sensitization of the touchscreen to input and can ultimately lead to failure of the touchscreen. To avoid this a simple user interface for Touchless control of electrically operated equipment is being developed. Elliptic Labs innovative technology lets you control your gadgets like Computers, MP3 players or mobile phones without touching them. A simple user interface for Touchless control of electrically operated equipment. Unlike other systems which depend on distance to the sensor or sensor selection this system depends on hand and or finger motions, a hand wave in a certain direction, or a flick of the hand in one area, or holding the hand in one area or pointing with one finger for example. The device is based on optical pattern recognition using a solid state optical matrix sensor with a lens to detect hand motions. This sensor is then connected to a digital image processor, which interprets the patterns of motion and outputs the results as signals to control fixtures, appliances, machinery, or any device controllable through electrical signals.
Smart Note Taker is a helpful product that satisfies the needs of the people in today's technologic and fast life. This product can be used in many ways. The Smart Note Taker provides taking fast and easy note making to people who are busy with one's self.
With the help of Smart Note Taker, people will be able to write notes in air, while being busy with their work. The written note will be stored in the memory chip of the pen, and will be able to read in digital medium after the job is done. This saves time and facilitate life.
This product is simple but powerful. It has the ability to sense 3D shapes and motions that the user tries to draw. The sensed information will be processed and transferred to the memory chip and then will be monitored on the display device. The shape that is drawn can be broadcasted to the network or sent to a mobile device.
It was the touch screens which initially created great foregone are the days when you have to fiddle with the touch screens and end scratching up. Touch screen displays are ubiquitous worldwide. Frequent touching a touchscreen display with a pointing device such as a finger can result in the gradual de-sensitization of the touchscreen to input and can ultimately lead to failure of the touchscreen. To avoid this a simple user interface for Touchless control of electrically operated equipment is being developed. Elliptic Labs innovative technology lets you control your gadgets like Computers, MP3 players or mobile phones without touching them. A simple user interface for Touchless control of electrically operated equipment. Unlike other systems which depend on distance to the sensor or sensor selection this system depends on hand and or finger motions, a hand wave in a certain direction, or a flick of the hand in one area, or holding the hand in one area or pointing with one finger for example. The device is based on optical pattern recognition using a solid state optical matrix sensor with a lens to detect hand motions. This sensor is then connected to a digital image processor, which interprets the patterns of motion and outputs the results as signals to control fixtures, appliances, machinery, or any device controllable through electrical signals.
Keyboard without keys, virtual keyboard uses sensor technology and artificial intelligence. Awesome replacement for QWERTY keyboard. Can implement all types of keyboards. Example of Augmented Reality.
It was the touch screens which initially created a great outbreak. Gone are the days when you have to fiddle with the touch screens and end grazing up. Touch screen displays are pervasive worldwide. Frequent touching a touchscreen display with a pointing device such as a finger or if there is any scratch caused due to major problems can result in the gradual de sensitization of the touchscreen to input and can ultimately lead to blip of the touchscreen. To avoid this, a simple user interface for Touchless control of electrically operated equipment is being developed. Elliptic Labs innovative technology lets you control your apparatuses like Computers, MP3 players or mobile phones without touching them. A simple user interface for Touchless control of electrically operated equipment. Unlike other systems which depend on distance to the sensor or sensor selection this system depends on hand and or finger motions, a hand wave in a certain direction, or a riffle of the hand in one area, or holding the hand in one area or pointing with one finger for example. The device is based on optical pattern recognition using a solid state optical matrix sensor with a lens to detect hand motions. This sensor is then connected near to a digital image processor, which interprets the patterns of motion and outputs the results as signals to control fixtures, appliances, machinery, or any device well regulated concluded electrical signals. D. Gokila | P. Kiruthika ""Touch Less Touch Screen Technology"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21737.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/21737/touch-less-touch-screen-technology/d-gokila
This is a novel creation.It is a technology for visually impaired persons.It enables them to become independent by doing their day to day task like banking, reading, walking etc on their own. It is very easy to use and apart from visually impaired persons, it enables tourist to track the location. It is a wearable device which enables the person to handle anywhere he wants.
Presentation on Touchless Touch Screen including a small video of touchless technology. Contributed by, Sanjit Sadhukhan, student of Guru Nanak Institute of Technology.
Video can be downloaded from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DfaiREjXTys that is on 12th slide.
VSP will end the physical dependency of the mobile phone. VSP provides novel interaction method to seamlessly communicate with each other in a fun and intuitive way.
2016 Project.
A finger wore device helpful for blind people.
Used to know the color and currency and etc.,
Prepared by Ch.Durga Rao, Naidu.S.Piyadarshini.
Keyboard without keys, virtual keyboard uses sensor technology and artificial intelligence. Awesome replacement for QWERTY keyboard. Can implement all types of keyboards. Example of Augmented Reality.
It was the touch screens which initially created a great outbreak. Gone are the days when you have to fiddle with the touch screens and end grazing up. Touch screen displays are pervasive worldwide. Frequent touching a touchscreen display with a pointing device such as a finger or if there is any scratch caused due to major problems can result in the gradual de sensitization of the touchscreen to input and can ultimately lead to blip of the touchscreen. To avoid this, a simple user interface for Touchless control of electrically operated equipment is being developed. Elliptic Labs innovative technology lets you control your apparatuses like Computers, MP3 players or mobile phones without touching them. A simple user interface for Touchless control of electrically operated equipment. Unlike other systems which depend on distance to the sensor or sensor selection this system depends on hand and or finger motions, a hand wave in a certain direction, or a riffle of the hand in one area, or holding the hand in one area or pointing with one finger for example. The device is based on optical pattern recognition using a solid state optical matrix sensor with a lens to detect hand motions. This sensor is then connected near to a digital image processor, which interprets the patterns of motion and outputs the results as signals to control fixtures, appliances, machinery, or any device well regulated concluded electrical signals. D. Gokila | P. Kiruthika ""Touch Less Touch Screen Technology"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21737.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/21737/touch-less-touch-screen-technology/d-gokila
This is a novel creation.It is a technology for visually impaired persons.It enables them to become independent by doing their day to day task like banking, reading, walking etc on their own. It is very easy to use and apart from visually impaired persons, it enables tourist to track the location. It is a wearable device which enables the person to handle anywhere he wants.
Presentation on Touchless Touch Screen including a small video of touchless technology. Contributed by, Sanjit Sadhukhan, student of Guru Nanak Institute of Technology.
Video can be downloaded from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DfaiREjXTys that is on 12th slide.
VSP will end the physical dependency of the mobile phone. VSP provides novel interaction method to seamlessly communicate with each other in a fun and intuitive way.
2016 Project.
A finger wore device helpful for blind people.
Used to know the color and currency and etc.,
Prepared by Ch.Durga Rao, Naidu.S.Piyadarshini.
nanotechnology has entered the sphere of water treatment processes. Many different types of nanomaterial’s are being evaluated and also being used in water treatment process.
Desalination is a key market area. Vast majority of worlds water is salt water, and though technology has existed for years that enables the desalination of ocean water, it is often a very energy intensive procedure and therefore expensive
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Researchers have always tried to build a device capable of seeing people through walls. However, previous efforts to develop such a system have involved the use of expensive and bulky radar technology that uses a part of the electromagnetic spectrum only available to the military. Now a system is being developed by Dina Katabi and Fadel Adib, could give all of us the ability to spot people in different rooms using low-cost Wi-Fi technology. The device is low-power, portable and simple enough for anyone to use, to give people the ability to see through walls and closed doors. The system, called “Wi-Vi,” stands for "Wi-Fi" and "vision." is based on a concept similar to radar and sonar imaging. But in contrast to radar and sonar, it transmits a low-power Wi-Fi signal and uses its reflections to track moving humans. It can do so even if the humans are in closed rooms or hiding behind a wall.
Simple definition for Wi-Vi is, as a Wi-Fi signal is transmitted at a wall, a portion of the signal penetrates through it, reflecting off any humans on the other side. However, only a tiny fraction of the signal makes it through to the other room, with the rest being reflected by the wall, or by other objects. Wi-Vi cancels out all these other reflections, and keeps only those from the moving human body. Previous work demonstrated that the subtle reflections of wireless inter signals bouncing off a human could be used to track that person's movements, but those previous experiments either required that a wireless router was already in the room of the person being tracked. Wi-Fi signals and recent advances in MIMO communications are used to build a device that can capture the motion of humans behind a wall and in closed rooms. Law enforcement personnel can use the device to avoid walking into an ambush, and minimize casualties in standoffs and hostage situations. Emergency responders can use it to see through rubble and collapsed structures. Ordinary users can leverage the device for gaming, intrusion detection, privacy-enhanced monitoring of children and elderly, or personal security when stepping into dark alleys and unknown places.
The concept underlying seeing through opaque obstacles is similar to radar and sonar imaging. Specifically, when faced with a non-metallic wall, a fraction of the RF signal would traverse the wall, reflect off objects and humans, and come back imprinted with a signature of what is inside a closed room. By capturing these reflections, we can image objects behind a wall.
Wi-Vi is a see-through-wall technology that is low-bandwidth, low-power, compact, and accessible to non-military entities. Wi-Vi is a see-through-wall device that employs Wi-Fi signals in the 2.4 GHz ISM band.
#Google announced a new product called #googlelens, that amounts to an entirely new way of searching the internet through your camera. Once you take a photo, #googlelens collects information behind the photo. If you take a photo of a restaurant, Lens can do more than just say “it’s a restaurant,” which you know, or the name of the restaurant. It can automatically find hours, reservations and a menu.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CAMERA-BASED INTERACTIVE TOUCH SCREENJournal For Research
Camera-based Interactive Touch Screen is a touch detection technique that uses a camera to provide a large display with very high spatial and temporal resolutions. The conventional touch screen technology and presentation methods face a range of restrictions. However, the camera-based touch detection can overcome all these restrictions and turn projection screens into interactive touch displays, creating a through-window experience. It uses a coated sheet of glass as the projection surface to form a two-dimensional display. The camera captures images of the projection surface continuously, which are processed by the Atmega16 microcontroller. A UART module connected to the microcontroller, provides asynchronous serial communication with external devices, synchronisation of the serial data stream and recovery of data characters. This technology has several advantages over other touch detection technologies, such as its low cost, simple design and scalable structure. The applications of this technology include advertising, presentations and outdoor displays.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
5. 5
1. INTRODUCTION TO TOUCHSCREEN
A touchscreen is an important source of input device and output device normally layered on
the top of an electronic visual display of an information processing system. A user can give
input or control the information processing system through simple or multi-touch gestures by
touching the screen with a special stylus and/or one or more fingers. Some touchscreens use
ordinary or specially coated gloves to work while others use a special stylus/pen only. The user
can use the touchscreen to react to what is displayed and to control how it is displayed; for
example, zooming to increase the text size. The touchscreen enables the user to interact directly
with what is displayed, rather than using a mouse, touchpad, or any other intermediate device
(other than a stylus, which is optional for most modern touchscreens). Touchscreens are
common in devices such as game consoles, personal computers, tablet computers, electronic
voting machines, point of sale systems, and smartphones. They can also be attached to
computers or, as terminals, to networks. They also play a prominent role in the design of digital
appliances such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) and some e-readers. The popularity of
smartphones, tablets, and many types of information appliances is driving the demand and
acceptance of common touchscreens for portable and functional electronics. Touchscreens are
found in the medical field and in heavy industry, as well as for automated teller machines
(ATMs), and kiosks such as museum displays or room automation, where keyboard and mouse
systems do not allow a suitably intuitive, rapid, or accurate interaction by the user with the
display's content. Historically, the touchscreen sensor and its accompanying controller-based
firmware have been made available by a wide array of after-market system integrators, and not
by display, chip, or motherboard manufacturers. Display manufacturers and chip
manufacturers worldwide have acknowledged the trend toward acceptance of touchscreens as
a highly desirable user interface component and have begun to integrate touchscreens into the
fundamental design of their products.
6. 6
2. HISTORY OF TOUCHSCREEN
E.A. Johnson of the Royal Radar Establishment, Malvern described his work on capacitive
touchscreens in a short article published in 1965 and then more fully—with photographs and
diagrams in an article published in 1967. The applicability of touch technology for air traffic
control was described in an article published in 1968. Frank Beck and Bent Stumpe, engineers
from CERN, developed a transparent touchscreen in the early 1970s, based on Stumpe's work
at a television factory in the early 1960s. Then manufactured by CERN, it was put to use in
1973. A resistive touchscreen was developed by American inventor George Samuel Hurst, who
received US patent #3,911,215 on October 7, 1975. The first version was produced in 1982. In
1972, a group at the University of Illinois filed for a patent on an optical touchscreen that
became a standard part of the Magnavox Plato IV Student Terminal. Thousands were built for
the PLATO IV system. These touchscreens had a crossed array of 16 by 16 infrared position
sensors, each composed of an LED on one edge of the screen and a matched phototransistor on
the other edge, all mounted in front of a monochrome plasma display panel. This arrangement
can sense any fingertip-sized opaque object in close proximity to the screen. A similar
touchscreen was used on the HP-150 starting in 1983; this was one of the world's earliest
commercial touchscreen computers. HP mounted their infrared transmitters and receivers
around the bezel of a 9" Sony Cathode Ray Tube (CRT). In 1984, Fujitsu released a touch pad
for the Micro 16, to deal with the complexity of kanji characters, which were stored as tiled
graphics. In 1985, Sega released the Terebi Oekaki, also known as the Sega Graphic Board, for
the SG-1000 video game console and SC-3000 home computer. It consisted of a plastic pen
and a plastic board with a transparent window where the pen presses are detected. It was used
primarily for a drawing software application. A graphic touch tablet was released for the Sega
AI Computer in 1986. Touch-sensitive Control-Display Units (CDUs) were evaluated for
commercial aircraft flight decks in the early 1980s. Initial research showed that a touch
interface would reduce pilot workload as the crew could then select waypoints, functions and
actions, rather than be "head down" typing in latitudes, longitudes, and waypoint codes on a
keyboard. An effective integration of this technology was aimed at helping flight crews
maintain a high-level of situational awareness of all major aspects of the vehicle operations
including its flight path, the functioning of various aircraft systems, and moment-to-moment
human interactions. In the early 1980s, General Motors tasked its Delco Electronics division
with a project aimed at replacing an automobile's non-essential functions (i.e. other than
throttle, transmission, braking and steering) from mechanical or electro-mechanical systems
7. 7
with solid state alternatives wherever possible. The finished device was dubbed the ECC for
"Electronic Control Centre", a digital computer and software control system hardwired to
various peripheral sensors, servos, solenoids, antenna and a monochrome CRT touchscreen
that functioned both as display and sole method of input.[19] The ECC replaced the traditional
mechanical stereo, fan, heater and air conditioner controls and displays, and was capable of
providing very detailed and specific information about the vehicle's cumulative and current
operating status in real time. The ECC was standard equipment on the 1985–89 Buick Riviera
and later the 1988–89 Buick Reatta, but was unpopular with consumers partly due to the
technophobia of some traditional Buick customers, but mostly because of costly to repair
technical problems suffered by the ECC's touchscreen which being the sole access method,
would render climate control or stereo operation impossible. Multi-touch technology began in
1982, when the University of Toronto's Input Research Group developed the first human-input
multi-touch system, using a frosted-glass panel with a camera placed behind the glass. In 1985,
the University of Toronto group including Bill Buxton developed a multi-touch tablet that used
capacitance rather than bulky camera-based optical sensing systems (see History of multi-
touch). In 1986, the first graphical point of sale software was demonstrated on the 16-bit Atari
520ST colour computer. It featured a colour touchscreen widget-driven interface.[21] The View
Touch point of sale software was first shown by its developer, Gene Mosher, at Fall Comdex,
1986, in Las Vegas, Nevada to visitors at the Atari Computer demonstration area and was the
first commercially available POS system with a widget-driven colour graphic touchscreen
interface. In 1987, Casio launched the Casio PB-1000 pocket computer with a touchscreen
consisting of a 4x4 matrix, resulting in 16 touch areas in its small LCD graphic screen. Until
1988 touchscreens had the bad reputation of being imprecise. Most user interface books would
state that touchscreens selections were limited to targets larger than the average finger. At the
time, selections were done in such a way that a target was selected as soon as the finger came
over it, and the corresponding action was performed immediately. Errors were common, due
to parallax or calibration problems, leading to frustration. A new strategy called "lift-off
strategy" was introduced by researchers at the University of Maryland Human – Computer
Interaction Lab and is still used today. As users touch the screen, feedback is provided as to
what will be selected, users can adjust the position of the finger, and the action takes place only
when the finger is lifted off the screen. This allowed the selection of small targets, down to a
single pixel on a VGA screen (standard best of the time). Sears et al. (1990) gave a review of
academic research on single and multi-touch human–computer interaction of the time,
describing gestures such as rotating knobs, adjusting sliders, and swiping the screen to activate
8. 8
a switch (or a U-shaped gesture for a toggle switch). The University of Maryland Human –
Computer Interaction Lab team developed and studied small touchscreen keyboards (including
a study that showed that users could type at 25 wpm for a touchscreen keyboard compared with
58 wpm for a standard keyboard), thereby paving the way for the touchscreen keyboards on
mobile devices. They also designed and implemented multitouch gestures such as selecting a
range of a line, connecting objects, and a "tap-click" gesture to select while maintaining
location with another finger.
9. 9
3. WORKING OF TOUCHSCREEN
A resistive touchscreen panel comprises several layers, the most important of which are
two thin, transparent electrically resistive layers separated by a thin space. These layers
face each other with a thin gap between. The top screen (the screen that is touched) has a
coating on the underside surface of the screen. Just beneath it is a similar resistive layer on
top of its substrate. One layer has conductive connections along its sides, the other along
top and bottom. A voltage is applied to one layer, and sensed by the other. When an object,
such as a fingertip or stylus tip, presses down onto the outer surface, the two layers touch
to become connected at that point: The panel then behaves as a pair of voltage dividers, one
axis at a time. By rapidly switching between each layer, the position of a pressure on the
screen can be read. A capacitive touchscreen panel consists of an insulator such as glass,
coated with a transparent conductor such as indium tin oxide (ITO).[32] As the human body
is also an electrical conductor, touching the surface of the screen results in a distortion of
the screen's electrostatic field, measurable as a change in capacitance. Different
technologies may be used to determine the location of the touch. The location is then sent
to the controller for processing. Unlike a resistive touchscreen, one cannot use a capacitive
touchscreen through most types of electrically insulating material, such as gloves. This
disadvantage especially affects usability in consumer electronics, such as touch tablet PCs
and capacitive smartphones in cold weather. It can be overcome with a special capacitive
stylus, or a special-application glove with an embroidered patch of conductive thread
passing through it and contacting the user's fingertip.
3.1 TOUCH SENSOR
A touch screen sensor is a clear glass panel with a touch responsive surface. The sensor
generally has an electrical current or signal going through it and touching the screen
causes a voltage or signal change.
Figure: 3.1- Touch Sensor
10. 10
3.2 CONTROLLER
The controller is a small PC card that connects between the touch sensor and the PC.
The controller determines what type of interface/connection you will need on the PC.
Figure: 3.2- Controller
3.3 DRIVER
The driver is a software that allows the touch screen and computer to work together.
Most touch screen drivers today are a mouse-emulation type driver.
Figure: 3.1- Diagrammatically working of touchscreen
11. 11
4. ADVANTAGE OF TOUCHSCREEN
1. Direct pointing to the objects.
2. Fast.
3. Finger or pen is usable (No cable required).
4. No keyboard necessary.
5. Suited to: novices, application for information retrieval etc
12. 12
5. DISADVANTAGE OF TOUCHSCREEN
1. Low precision by using finger.
2. User has to sit or stand closer to the screen.
3. The screen may be covered more by using hand.
4. No direct activation to the selected function.
13. 13
6. INTRODUCTION TO TOUCHLESS TOUCHSCREEN
Touch less control of electrically operated equipment is being developed by Elliptic Labs.
This system depends on hand or finger motions, a hand wave in a certain direction. The
sensor can be placed either on the screen or near the screen. The touchscreenenablestheuser
to interact directly with what is displayed,rather than using a mouse, touchpad, or any other
intermediate device (other than a stylus, which is optional for most modern
touchscreens).Touchscreensare commonindevicessuchas game consoles,personal computers,
tabletcomputers,electronicvotingmachines,pointof sale systems,and smartphones.Theycan
also be attached to computers or, as terminals, to networks. They also play a prominent role in
the designof digital appliancessuchas personal digitalassistants(PDAs) andsome e-readers.The
popularity of smartphones, tablets, and many types of information appliances is driving the
demand and acceptance of common touchscreens for portable and functional electronics.
Touchscreensare foundinthe medical fieldandin heavyindustry,aswell asforautomatedteller
machines (ATMs),andkioskssuchasmuseumdisplaysor roomautomation,wherekeyboardand
mouse systems do not allow a suitably intuitive, rapid, or accurate interaction by the user with
the display'scontent. Historically,the touchscreensensoranditsaccompanyingcontroller-based
firmware have been made available by a wide array of after-market system integrators,and not
by display, chip, or motherboard manufacturers.Display manufacturers and chip manufacturers
worldwidehave acknowledgedthe trendtowardacceptance of touchscreensasahighlydesirable
userinterface componentandhave beguntointegrate touchscreensintothe fundamentaldesign
of their products.
Figure: 6.1- Touchless Touchscreen
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7. TOUCHLESS MONITOR
This monitor is made by TouchKo. Touch less touch screen your hand doesn’t have
to come in contact with the screen at all, it works by detecting your hand movements in
front of it.
Figure: 7.1- Touch Monitor
Point your finger in the air towards the device and move it accordingly to control the
navigation in the device. Designed for applications where touch may be difficult, such
as for doctors who might be wearing surgical gloves.
Figure: 7.2- Doctor using Touchless Touchscreen
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8. TOUCHWALL
Touch Wall it is the first multi touch product. It refers to the touch screen hardware
setup itself and software is plex.
Figure: 8.1- Touch Wall
Touch Wall consists of three infrared lasers that scan a surface. By using a projector entire
walls can easily be turned into a multi touch user interface.
Figure: 8.1- Kinect used for Touch Wall
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9. WORKING OF TOUCHLESS TOUCHSCREEN
The system is capable of detecting movements in 3-dimensions without ever having to
put your fingers on the screen. Sensors are mounted around the screen that is being
used, by interacting in the line-of-sight of these sensors the motion is detected and
interpreted into on-screen movements. The device is based on optical pattern
recognition using a solid state optical matrix sensor with a lens to detect hand
motions.
Figure: 9.1- Working Figure: 9.2- Use of Working
This sensor is then connected to a digital image processor, which interprets the patterns of
motion and outputs the results as signals to control fixtures, appliances, machinery, or any
device controllable through electrical signals. You just point at the screen (from as far as 5
feet away), and you can manipulate objects in 3D.
Figure: 9.3- 3D Object
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10. GBUI(gesture-based graphical user Interface)
A movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning
Based graphical user interphase.
Figure: 10.1- Hand Moving
Figure: 10.2- GBUI
We have seen the futuristic user interfaces of movies like Minority Report and the Matrix
Revolutions where people wave their hand in 3 dimensions and the computer understands what
the user wants and shifts and sorts data with precision.
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11. TOUCHLESS UI
The basic idea described in the patent is that there would be sensors arrayed around the
perimeter of the device capable of sensing finger movements in 3-D space.
Figure: 11.1- UI of Touchscreen
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12. MINORITY REPORT INSPIRED TOUCHLESS
TECHNOLOGY
There are eight types of Minority Report Inspired Touchless Technology. These are as
follows:-
12.1 Tobii Rex
Tobii Rex is an eye-tracking device from Sweden which works with any computer running on
Windows 8. The device has a pair of infrared sensors built in that will track the user’s eyes.
Figure: 12.1.1- Use of Tobii Rex
12.2 Elliptic Labs
Elliptic Labs allows you to operate your computer without touching it with the Windows
8 Gesture Suite.
Figure: 12.2.1- Gesture Suit
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12.3 Airwirting
Airwriting is a technology that allows you to write text messages or compose emails by writing
in the air.
Figure: 12.3.1- Airwiriting
12.4 Eyesight
EyeSight is a gesture technology which allows you to navigate through your devices by just
pointing at it.
Figure: 12.4.1- Gesture of hand moving
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12.5 MAUZ
Mauz is a third party device that turns your iPhone into a trackpad or mouse.
Figure: 12.5.1-MAUZ Device
12.6 POINT GRAB
Point Grab is something similar to eyeSight, in that it enables users to navigate on their
computer just by pointing at it.
Figure: 12.6.1-Use of Point Grab
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12.7 LEAP MOTION
Leap Motion is a motion sensor device that recognizes the user’s fingers with its infrared LEDs
and cameras.
Figure: 12.7.1- Use Third Device Leap
12.8 MICROSOFT KINECT
It detects and recognizes a user’s body movement and reproduces it within the video game that
is being played.
Figure: 12.8.1- Third party device for Touch Wall
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13.CONCLUSION
o Touchless Technology is still developing.
o Many Future Aspects.
o With this in few years our body can become a input device.
o The Touch less touch screen user interface can be used effectively in computers,
cell phones, webcams and laptops.
o May be few years down the line, our body can be transformed into a virtua l
mouse, virtual keyboard ,Our body may be turned in to an input device.