A P-N junction diode is formed by placing a P-type semiconductor next to an N-type semiconductor, creating a junction. When the materials are joined, electrons diffuse from the N to the P side and holes diffuse from the P to the N side, creating an area devoid of carriers called the depletion region. A P-N junction diode conducts electricity easily in one direction when forward biased but acts as an insulator with little current when reverse biased, making diodes useful for rectification. Key parameters for using diodes include the forward voltage drop, reverse breakdown voltage, and maximum operating temperature. P-N junction diodes have a vast range of applications from power supplies to displays.
This presentation gives information about DIODE(a semiconductor device with two terminals, typically allowing the flow of current in one direction only). And also its Approximation
Semiconductors materials such as silicon (Si), germanium (Ge) and Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), have electrical properties somewhere in the middle, between those of a “conductor” and an “insulator”. They are not good conductors nor good insulators (hence their name “semi”-conductors).
A Zener diode is a type of diode that permits current not only in the forward direction like a normal diode, but also in the reverse direction if the voltage is larger than the breakdown voltage known as “Zener knee voltage” or “Zener voltage”.
The device is named after American physicist Clarence Melvin Zener, who first described the ZENER EFFECT in1934. Later his work led to the BELL LABS implantation of the effect in form of an electronic device, the ZENER DIODE.
Zener diodes are a modified form of PN silicon diode used extensively for voltage regulation. The P type and N type silicon used is doped more heavily than a standard PN diode.
This causes a very thin depletion region. The zener diodes breakdown characteristics are determined by the doping process
Zeners are commercially available with voltage breakdowns of 1.8 V to 200 V.
When a Zener diode is forward biased, it operates as a normal diode.
In forward biased P side connected to positive and N side connected to negative terminal of battery. In this case the electrons and holes are swept across the junction and large current flow through it.
In case of reverse biased current practically zero and at certain voltage which called Zener voltage the current increases sharply.
Each Zener diode has breakdown rating which specifies the max voltage that can be dropped across it.
Zener diodes are designed to operate in reverse breakdown. Two types of reverse breakdown in a zener diode are AVALANCHE and ZENER. The avalanche break down occurs in both rectifier and zener diodes at a sufficiently high reverse voltage. Zener breakdown occurs in a zener diode at low reverse voltages.
A Zener allows current to flow in the reverse direction when the voltage is above a certain value known as the breakdown voltage, "Zener knee voltage", "Zener voltage", “Avalanche point", or “Peak inverse voltage”
Breakdown Characteristics : Figure 2 shows the reverse portion of a zener diode’s characteristic curve. As the reverse voltage (푉_푅 ) is increased, the reverse current (퐼_푅 ) remains extremely small up to the “knee” of the curve. The reverse current is also called the zener current, 퐼_푍 . At this point, the breakdown effect begins; the internal zener resistance, also called zener impedance (푍_푍), begins to decrease as reverse current increases rapidly.Voltage Regulator :In a DC circuit, Zener diode can be used as a voltage regulator to regulate the voltage across small circuits.
Waveform Clipper :Zener diode can be used to make a Waveform Clipper. Two Zener diodes facing each other in series will act to clip both halves of an input signal.
Voltage Shifter :A Zener diode can be applied to a circuit with a resistor to act as a voltage shifter. This circuit lowers the output voltage by a quantity that is equal to the Zener diode's breakdown voltage.
Lecture on Introduction of Semiconductor at North South University as the undergraduate course (ETE411)
=======================
Dr. Mashiur Rahman
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://mashiur.biggani.org
This presentation gives information about DIODE(a semiconductor device with two terminals, typically allowing the flow of current in one direction only). And also its Approximation
Semiconductors materials such as silicon (Si), germanium (Ge) and Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), have electrical properties somewhere in the middle, between those of a “conductor” and an “insulator”. They are not good conductors nor good insulators (hence their name “semi”-conductors).
A Zener diode is a type of diode that permits current not only in the forward direction like a normal diode, but also in the reverse direction if the voltage is larger than the breakdown voltage known as “Zener knee voltage” or “Zener voltage”.
The device is named after American physicist Clarence Melvin Zener, who first described the ZENER EFFECT in1934. Later his work led to the BELL LABS implantation of the effect in form of an electronic device, the ZENER DIODE.
Zener diodes are a modified form of PN silicon diode used extensively for voltage regulation. The P type and N type silicon used is doped more heavily than a standard PN diode.
This causes a very thin depletion region. The zener diodes breakdown characteristics are determined by the doping process
Zeners are commercially available with voltage breakdowns of 1.8 V to 200 V.
When a Zener diode is forward biased, it operates as a normal diode.
In forward biased P side connected to positive and N side connected to negative terminal of battery. In this case the electrons and holes are swept across the junction and large current flow through it.
In case of reverse biased current practically zero and at certain voltage which called Zener voltage the current increases sharply.
Each Zener diode has breakdown rating which specifies the max voltage that can be dropped across it.
Zener diodes are designed to operate in reverse breakdown. Two types of reverse breakdown in a zener diode are AVALANCHE and ZENER. The avalanche break down occurs in both rectifier and zener diodes at a sufficiently high reverse voltage. Zener breakdown occurs in a zener diode at low reverse voltages.
A Zener allows current to flow in the reverse direction when the voltage is above a certain value known as the breakdown voltage, "Zener knee voltage", "Zener voltage", “Avalanche point", or “Peak inverse voltage”
Breakdown Characteristics : Figure 2 shows the reverse portion of a zener diode’s characteristic curve. As the reverse voltage (푉_푅 ) is increased, the reverse current (퐼_푅 ) remains extremely small up to the “knee” of the curve. The reverse current is also called the zener current, 퐼_푍 . At this point, the breakdown effect begins; the internal zener resistance, also called zener impedance (푍_푍), begins to decrease as reverse current increases rapidly.Voltage Regulator :In a DC circuit, Zener diode can be used as a voltage regulator to regulate the voltage across small circuits.
Waveform Clipper :Zener diode can be used to make a Waveform Clipper. Two Zener diodes facing each other in series will act to clip both halves of an input signal.
Voltage Shifter :A Zener diode can be applied to a circuit with a resistor to act as a voltage shifter. This circuit lowers the output voltage by a quantity that is equal to the Zener diode's breakdown voltage.
Lecture on Introduction of Semiconductor at North South University as the undergraduate course (ETE411)
=======================
Dr. Mashiur Rahman
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://mashiur.biggani.org
This C tutorial covers every topic in C with the programming exercises. This is the most extensive tutorial on C you will get your hands on. I hope you will love the presentation. All the best. Happy learning.
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Electrical current, voltage, resistance, capacitance, and inductance are a few of the basic elements of electronics and radio. Apart from current, voltage, resistance, capacitance, and inductance, there are many other interesting elements to electronic technology. ... Use Electronics Notes to learn electronics online.
In this PPT we will study about the Transistor , symbol of transistor , types of transistor, operation of transistor , configurations of transistor, advantages of transistor and limitations of transistor.
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Electrical current, voltage, resistance, capacitance, and inductance are a few of the basic elements of electronics and radio. Apart from current, voltage, resistance, capacitance, and inductance, there are many other interesting elements to electronic technology. ... Use Electronics Notes to learn electronics online.
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
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Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
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A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
Accpac to QuickBooks Conversion Navigating the Transition with Online Account...PaulBryant58
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RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
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Semiconductors summary
1. Semiconductors Summary – The PN Junction Theory
A P-N junction diode is a two electrode device that is formed by placing a layer of P-type
semiconductor material against a layer of N-type semiconductor material in order to form a junction.
The p side is known as the anode or the positive terminal while the n side is known as the cathode or
the negative terminal.
When a p-n junction is formed, the density gradient causes the electrons to diffuse from the n-side
to the p-side and the holes to diffuse from the p-side to the n-side. This causes the formation of ions
near the junction which creates a barrier potential that inhibits any further diffusion of the carriers
when a state of equilibrium is reached. The direction of this barrier potential is from N-side to the P-
side. The region near the junction becomes completely devoid of charge carriers and this region is
therefore termed as depletion or space charge region.
The importance of a P-N junction diode lies in how it behaves under different biasing conditions.
When forward biased i.e. the p-side of the diode is connected to the positive terminal of the battery
and the n-side is connected to the negative terminal, the diode behaves almost like an ideal
conductor. Similarly when the polarities on the battery are reversed i.e. in condition of reverse bias,
the diode behaves close to a perfect insulator with very little reverse leakage current.
During forward bias conditions, once the small bias potential in the diode is overcome, the current
increases very rapidly in the diode with any further increment in voltage and is only controlled by
the outer circuit elements. The diode is thus acting very close to an ideal conductor. Now in reverse
bias conditions, the majority carriers on both sides of the junction get depleted because of the
action of the battery. This causes the diode to behave very close to a perfect insulator with only a
small reverse leakage current flowing because of the flow of the minority carrier.
When using a P-N junction diode in a circuit, the most important parameters that should be
considered are:-
The forward knee voltage that depends on the barrier potential of the diode Reverse Breakdown
voltage or Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV) which is the reverse bias voltage at which the junction breaks
down and large current flows in the circuit. This can cause permanent damage to the diode.
Maximum temperature the diode can withstand without damage.
The range of applications in which these diodes are used today is too vast to imagine. Ranging from
rectifiers to LED TV to voltage regulators, these diodes are used almost everywhere in electronics.