Semiconductors
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This document discusses semiconductors and diodes. It defines P-type and N-type semiconductors, where P-type materials have holes as majority carriers and are positively charged, and N-type materials have electrons as majority carriers and are negatively charged. Diodes are electronic devices created by joining a P-type and N-type semiconductor, and are used for rectification and other applications. The document goes on to explain forward and reverse bias of diodes, their I-V characteristics including the Shockley equation, and applications of diodes such as rectification.
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Semiconductor is a solid substance that has conductivity between that of an insulator and that of most metals, either due to the addition of an impurity or because of temperature effects. Devices made of semiconductors, notably silicon, are essential components of most electronic circuits.
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This slide is designed as a teaching aid for students pursuing Module 4 in EASA B1 examination. There are a few topics not covered in this slide
Diodes
This document discusses diodes and their applications. It begins with an introduction to diodes, including what a diode is, the P-N junction, and diode characteristics when forward and reverse biased. It then covers types of diodes like LEDs, Zener diodes, and more. Applications discussed include logic gates, temperature measurement, and power conversion. The document focuses on rectifiers, explaining half-wave and full-wave rectification and how diodes are used to convert AC to DC in power supplies. Circuit diagrams are provided to illustrate the principles and components of half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, including the addition of a capacitor filter.
Diodes
This document provides an overview of diodes, including:
- What materials diodes are made from, such as silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide.
- How n-type and p-type materials are created by doping semiconductors with different elements.
- How a pn junction is formed and its properties when biased, including the depletion region.
- Diode circuit models of increasing complexity, from ideal diode to models including barrier potential and resistance.
- Key diode characteristics like the shockley equation, transconductance curve, and dynamic resistance.
- Examples of calculating diode operating points and voltage drops in circuits.
- Different types of
Tunnel Diode (Esaki Diode )
A tunnel diode or Esaki diode is a type of semiconductor that is capable of very fast operation, well into the microwave frequency region, made possible by the use of the quantum mechanical effect called tunneling.
It was invented in August 1957 by Leo Esaki when he was with Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo, now known as Sony. In 1973 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Brian Josephson, for discovering the electron tunneling effect used in these diodes. Robert Noyce independently came up with the idea of a tunnel diode while working for William Shockley, but was discouraged from pursuing it.[1]
These diodes have a heavily doped p–n junction only some 10 nm (100 Å) wide. The heavy doping results in a broken bandgap, where conduction band electron states on the n-side are more or less aligned with valence band hole states on the p-side
Tunnel diodes were first manufactured by Sony in 1957[2] followed by General Electric and other companies from about 1960, and are still made in low volume today.[3] Tunnel diodes are usually made from germanium, but can also be made from gallium arsenide and silicon materials. They are used in frequency converters and detectors.[4] They have negative differential resistance in part of their operating range, and therefore are also used as oscillators, amplifiers, and in switching circuits using hysteresis.
Figure 6: 8–12 GHz tunnel diode amplifier, circa 1970
In 1977, the Intelsat V satellite receiver used a microstrip tunnel diode amplifier (TDA) front-end in the 14 to 15.5 GHz band. Such amplifiers were considered state-of-the-art, with better performance at high frequencies than any transistor-based front end.[5]
The highest frequency room-temperature solid-state oscillators are based on the resonant-tunneling diode (RTD).[6]
There is another type of tunnel diode called a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) diode, but present application appears restricted to research environments due to inherent sensitivities.[7] There is also a metal–insulator–insulator–metal MIIM diode which has an additional insulator layer. The additional insulator layer allows "step tunneling" for precise diode control.[8]
PPT-On-PN-Junction-Diode.pptx
This document discusses n-type and p-type semiconductor materials. N-type materials are produced by doping silicon with group V elements like arsenic, which add extra electrons. P-type materials are produced by doping with group III elements like boron, which create "holes" where electrons are missing. When a p-type and n-type material are joined, a PN junction forms with a depletion region between them. A PN junction allows current to flow easily in one direction but blocks it in the other direction. Different types of diodes like Zener diodes and photodiodes have specialized functions but all use the basic PN junction design.
PN Junction diode
In this PPT we will study about the Transistor , symbol of transistor , types of transistor, operation of transistor , configurations of transistor, advantages of transistor and limitations of transistor.
#physicspptclub #In this video we will study about the Transistor , symbol of transistor , types of transistor, operation of transistor , configurations of transistor, advantages of transistor and limitations of transistor.
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SEMICONDUCTORS.pptx
This document discusses semiconductors and diodes. It explains that semiconductors have electrical properties between conductors and insulators. Doping semiconductors with impurities creates P-type and N-type materials. A diode is formed by joining a P-type and N-type semiconductor, creating a PN junction. Diodes only allow current to flow in one direction, and their I-V characteristics show they conduct under forward bias but not reverse bias. Diodes are used for rectification, converting alternating current into direct current through half-wave or full-wave rectification.
Band theory of solid
The document discusses band theory of solids and semiconductor devices. It explains that in solids, discrete electron energy levels split into bands. The valence band is fully filled while the conduction band is empty or partially filled, with a band gap separating the two. Semiconductors have a smaller band gap than insulators. Intrinsic semiconductors have equal numbers of electrons and holes, while extrinsic ones are doped with impurities. PN junctions are formed by combining P-type and N-type materials and act as diodes, allowing current in one direction. Diodes have applications as rectifiers, transistors, and other devices that convert between electrical and optical signals.
Electronics ichapter1
The semiconductor diode is formed from a p-n junction between doped p-type and n-type semiconductor materials, which creates a depletion region that blocks current flow in reverse bias but allows it in forward bias. In forward bias, majority carriers recombine near the junction, reducing the depletion width and allowing an exponential increase in current; in reverse bias, carriers move away to widen the depletion region, only permitting small minority carrier currents. The diode's current-voltage relationship follows the diode equation, where current increases exponentially with forward voltage but remains very small in reverse bias.
Diode data sheet for alarm type project
A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that allows current to pass in only one direction. It has low resistance to current in the forward direction and high resistance in the reverse direction. The most common use of diodes is for rectification, converting alternating current to direct current. When selecting a diode, its current handling capability, maximum reverse voltage, and forward voltage drop must be considered. Common types of diodes include silicon junction diodes, which have a p-n junction structure and exhibit asymmetric conduction. Diodes have applications in radio demodulation, power conversion, overvoltage protection, logic gates, and temperature measurement.
Fkdkdkdkdkkdkdjdjdjddmdmdkkdkdkdkdkdkdp.pptx
N-type materials are produced by doping silicon with group V elements like arsenic or phosphorus, which add extra electrons. P-type materials are produced by doping with group III elements like boron, which create "holes" where electrons are missing. When a p-type and n-type material are joined, a pn junction is formed with a depletion region of no free charges between the charged p and n regions. When a voltage is applied across the junction, it can be forward or reverse biased, affecting the width of the depletion region and allowing or blocking the flow of current. Diodes made of pn junctions demonstrate the Shockley diode equation and have uses including rectification, zener regulation, light emission
Gggggggggggggggggvccfggggfgggggggggfgpp.pptx
N-type materials are produced by doping silicon with group V elements like arsenic or phosphorus, which add extra electrons. P-type materials are produced by doping with group III elements like boron, which create "holes" where electrons are missing. When a p-type and n-type material are joined, a PN junction is formed with a depletion region between them. Current can flow easily through the junction in one direction but not the other, forming the basis of diode behavior. Diodes have applications as rectifiers, Zener diodes, light emitters, and light sensors.
Fffffffffffkdkdkdkdkdkdkdkdkdkdkdkdkpppt.pptx
N-type materials are produced by doping silicon with group V elements like arsenic or phosphorus, which add extra electrons. P-type materials are produced by doping with group III elements like boron, which create "holes" where electrons are missing. When a p-type and n-type material are joined, a PN junction is formed with a depletion region between them. Current can flow easily through the junction in one direction but not the other, forming the basis of diode behavior. Diodes have applications as rectifiers, Zener diodes, light emitters, and light sensors.
SSSjjjdjjdjdjdjdjdjdkdkdkdkdkdMDWW.RKF.pptx
This document provides information on n-type and p-type materials, the pn junction, and properties of diodes. It describes how n-type materials are produced by doping silicon with group V elements like arsenic, creating extra electrons. P-type materials are made by doping with group III elements like boron, introducing holes. When a p-type and n-type material meet, a pn junction forms with a depletion region. Diodes can be forward or reverse biased, affecting current flow. The Shockley equation models diode behavior. Different types of diodes include Zener diodes, LEDs, and photodiodes.
Type of pn junction & rectifiers plus Transistor
The document discusses PN junction diodes, rectifiers, and bridge rectifiers. It begins by explaining the history and workings of PN junction diodes, including the depletion region and forward/reverse biasing. It then covers half-wave and full-wave rectifiers for converting AC to DC. Finally, it describes bridge rectifiers, including their types, working principle, advantages of higher output voltage and efficiency over center-tap rectifiers, and applications in power supplies.
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Patrick Henry Entropic - Characteristics of Semiconductor Diode
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The document provides information about transformers, including:
1. Transformers are AC devices that change high voltage low current into low voltage high current and vice versa without changing frequency through electromagnetic induction between two electric circuits.
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This presentation discusses non-destructive testing (NDT) and destructive testing (DT). NDT techniques like ultrasonic testing, radiography, and eddy current testing are used to evaluate materials and components without damaging them. This allows for safety, reliability, and cost-effective testing over the lifetime of a product. Destructive testing involves testing samples until failure to understand material properties and identify weaknesses. While more informative, destructive testing is not practical for mass-produced items. Both techniques have important applications in manufacturing for process and quality control.
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This document discusses energy storage devices known as capacitors. It describes the basic construction of a capacitor using two conductive plates separated by an insulating material. The capacitance of a capacitor depends on the plate area, distance between plates, and the dielectric material. Several types of capacitors are introduced, including fixed, electrolytic, variable, and electric double layer capacitors. The key electrical properties of capacitors are explained, such as how charge is stored, the relationship between charge, voltage, and capacitance, and equations for charging, discharging, power, and equivalent capacitance.
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
官方认证美国旧金山州立大学毕业证学位证书案例原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国旧金山州立大学毕业证学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Leadership Ambassador club Adventist module
Aims to equip people who aspire to become leaders with good qualities,and with Christian values and morals as per Biblical teachings.The you who aspire to be leaders should first read and understand what the ambassador module for leadership says about leadership and marry that to what the bible says.Christians sh
Resumes, Cover Letters, and Applying Online
This webinar showcases resume styles and the elements that go into building your resume. Every job application requires unique skills, and this session will show you how to improve your resume to match the jobs to which you are applying. Additionally, we will discuss cover letters and learn about ideas to include. Every job application requires unique skills so learn ways to give you the best chance of success when applying for a new position. Learn how to take advantage of all the features when uploading a job application to a company’s applicant tracking system.
原版制作(RMIT毕业证书)墨尔本皇家理工大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(RMIT毕业证书)墨尔本皇家理工大学毕业证在读证明》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版(UVic毕业证)维多利亚大学毕业证如何办理
UVic毕业证成绩单【微信95270640】《如何办理UVic毕业证维多利亚大学文凭学历》【Q微信95270640】《维多利亚大学文凭学历证书》《维多利亚大学毕业证书与成绩单样本图片》毕业证书补办 Fake Degree做学费单《毕业证明信-推荐信》成绩单，录取通知书，Offer，在读证明，雅思托福成绩单，真实大使馆教育部认证，回国人员证明，留信网认证。网上存档永久可查！
如果您是以下情况，我们都能竭诚为您解决实际问题：【公司采用定金+余款的付款流程，以最大化保障您的利益，让您放心无忧】
1、在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业，拿不到官方毕业证+微信95270640
2、面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到维多利亚大学维多利亚大学毕业证成绩单；
3、不清楚流程以及材料该如何准备维多利亚大学维多利亚大学毕业证成绩单；
4、回国时间很长，忘记办理；
5、回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
6、企事业单位必须要求办理的；
面向美国乔治城大学毕业留学生提供以下服务:
【★维多利亚大学维多利亚大学毕业证成绩单毕业证、成绩单等全套材料，从防伪到印刷，从水印到钢印烫金，与学校100%相同】
【★真实使馆认证（留学人员回国证明），使馆存档可通过大使馆查询确认】
【★真实教育部认证，教育部存档，教育部留服网站可查】
【★真实留信认证，留信网入库存档，可查维多利亚大学维多利亚大学毕业证成绩单】
我们从事工作十余年的有着丰富经验的业务顾问，熟悉海外各国大学的学制及教育体系，并且以挂科生解决毕业材料不全问题为基础，为客户量身定制1对1方案，未能毕业的回国留学生成功搭建回国顺利发展所需的桥梁。我们一直努力以高品质的教育为起点，以诚信、专业、高效、创新作为一切的行动宗旨，始终把“诚信为主、质量为本、客户第一”作为我们全部工作的出发点和归宿点。同时为海内外留学生提供大学毕业证购买、补办成绩单及各类分数修改等服务；归国认证方面，提供《留信网入库》申请、《国外学历学位认证》申请以及真实学籍办理等服务，帮助众多莘莘学子实现了一个又一个梦想。
专业服务，请勿犹豫联系我
如果您真实毕业回国，对于学历认证无从下手，请联系我，我们免费帮您递交
诚招代理：本公司诚聘当地代理人员，如果你有业余时间，或者你有同学朋友需要，有兴趣就请联系我
你赢我赢，共创双赢
你做代理，可以帮助维多利亚大学同学朋友
你做代理，可以拯救维多利亚大学失足青年
你做代理，可以挽救维多利亚大学一个个人才
你做代理，你将是别人人生维多利亚大学的转折点
你做代理，可以改变自己，改变他人，给他人和自己一个机会嘿的笑连连说记得记得但别忘了拿奖状进城啊考试一结束山娃就迫不及待地给父亲挂电话：爸我拿奖了三好学生接我进城吧父亲果然没有食言第二天就请假回家接山娃离开爷爷奶奶的那一刻山娃又伤心得泪如雨下宛如军人奔赴前线般难舍和悲壮卧空调大巴挤长蛇列车山娃发现车上挤满了叽叽喳喳的同龄人皆一脸惊喜地四处瞅山娃不认识他们也无暇去套近乎一味地跟着父亲昼夜兼程第二天凌晨就辗转到了父亲的城哇父亲的城真的好大好美哟走出广州火父
Jill Pizzola's Tenure as Senior Talent Acquisition Partner at THOMSON REUTERS...
Jill Pizzola's tenure as Senior Talent Acquisition Partner at THOMSON REUTERS in Marlton, New Jersey, from 2018 to 2023, was marked by innovation and excellence.
一比一原版(QU毕业证)皇后大学毕业证如何办理
QU本科毕业证成绩单【微信95270640】办理皇后大学毕业证原版一模一样、QU毕业证制作【Q微信95270640】《皇后大学毕业证购买流程》《QU成绩单制作》皇后大学毕业证书QU毕业证文凭皇后大学
本科毕业证书,学历学位认证如何办理【留学国外学位学历认证、毕业证、成绩单、大学Offer、雅思托福代考、语言证书、学生卡、高仿教育部认证等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务】代办国外（海外）英国、加拿大、美国、新西兰、澳大利亚、新西兰等国外各大学毕业证、文凭学历证书、成绩单、学历学位认证真实可查。
【实体公司】办皇后大学皇后大学本科毕业证成绩单学历认证学位证文凭认证办留信网认证办留服认证办教育部认证（网上可查实体公司专业可靠）
— — — 留学归国服务中心 — — -
【主营项目】
一.皇后大学毕业证成绩单使馆认证教育部认证成绩单等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理流程：
1客户提供皇后大学皇后大学本科毕业证成绩单办理信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）。
专业服务请勿犹豫联系我！本公司是留学创业和海归创业者们的桥梁。一次办理终生受用一步到位高效服务。详情请在线咨询办理,欢迎有诚意办理的客户咨询!洽谈。
招聘代理：本公司诚聘英国加拿大澳洲新西兰美国法国德国新加坡各地代理人员如果你有业余时间有兴趣就请联系我们咨询顾问：+微信:95270640开始山娃就知道父亲的家和工地共有一个很动听的名字——天河工地的底层空空荡荡很宽阔很凉爽在地上铺上报纸和水泥袋父亲和工人们中午全睡在地上地面坑坑洼洼山娃曾多次绊倒过也曾有长铁钉穿透凉鞋刺在脚板上但山娃不怕工地上也常有五六个从乡下来的小学生他们的父母亲也是高楼上的建筑工人小伙伴来自不同省份都操着带有浓重口音的普通话可不知为啥山娃不仅很快与他们熟识起来还成了无话不谈的好朋友可惜快乐的时光总是太短太匆忙吹
Job Finding Apps Everything You Need to Know in 2024
SnapJob is revolutionizing the way people connect with work opportunities and find talented professionals for their projects. Find your dream job with ease using the best job finding apps. Discover top-rated apps that connect you with employers, provide personalized job recommendations, and streamline the application process. Explore features, ratings, and reviews to find the app that suits your needs and helps you land your next opportunity.
在线制作加拿大萨省大学毕业证文凭证书实拍图原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【加拿大萨省大学毕业证文凭证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版(UBC毕业证)不列颠哥伦比亚大学毕业证如何办理
UBC硕士学位证成绩单【微信95270640】办理UBC毕业证【Q微信95270640】不列颠哥伦比亚大学毕业证书原版↑制作不列颠哥伦比亚大学学历认证文凭办理不列颠哥伦比亚大学留信网认证,留学回国办理毕业证成绩单文凭学历认证【Q微信95270640】专业为海外学子办理毕业证成绩单、文凭制作，学历仿制，回国人员证明、做文凭，研究生、本科、硕士学历认证、留信认证、结业证、学位证书样本、美国教育部认证百分百真实存档可查】
【实体公司】办不列颠哥伦比亚大学不列颠哥伦比亚大学毕业证成绩单学历认证学位证文凭认证办留信网认证办留服认证办教育部认证（网上可查实体公司专业可靠）
— — — 留学归国服务中心 — — -
【主营项目】
一.不列颠哥伦比亚大学毕业证成绩单使馆认证教育部认证成绩单等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理流程：
1客户提供不列颠哥伦比亚大学不列颠哥伦比亚大学毕业证成绩单办理信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）。
专业服务请勿犹豫联系我！本公司是留学创业和海归创业者们的桥梁。一次办理终生受用一步到位高效服务。详情请在线咨询办理,欢迎有诚意办理的客户咨询!洽谈。
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Semiconductors
- 2. Overview Introduction What are P-type and N-type semiconductors?? What are Diodes? Forward Bias & Reverse Bias Characteristics Of Ideal Diode Shockley Equation I – V Characteristics of Diodes
- 3. Introduction Semiconductors are materials whose electrical properties lie between Conductors and Insulators. Ex : Silicon and Germanium
- 4. What are P-type and N-type ? Semiconductors are classified in to P-type and N-type semiconductor P-type: A P-type material is one in which holes are majority carriers i.e. they are positively charged materials (++++) N-type: A N-type material is one in which electrons are majority charge carriers i.e. they are negatively charged materials (-----)
- 5. Diodes Electronic devices created by bringing together a p-type and n-type region within the same semiconductor lattice. Used for rectifiers, LED etc
- 6. Diodes It is represented by the following symbol, where the arrow indicates the direction of positive current flow.
- 7. Forward Bias and Reverse Bias Forward Bias : Connect positive of the Diode to positive of supply…negative of Diode to negative of supply Reverse Bias: Connect positive of the Diode to negative of supply…negative of diode to positive of supply.
- 8. Characteristics of Diode Diode always conducts in one direction. Diodes always conduct current when “Forward Biased” ( Zero resistance) Diodes do not conduct when Reverse Biased (Infinite resistance)
- 9. I-V characteristics of Ideal diode
- 10. I-V Characteristics of Practical Diode
- 11. Rectification Converting ac to dc is accomplished by the process of rectification. Two processes are used: Half-wave rectification; Full-wave rectification.
- 12. Half-wave Rectification Simplest process used to convert ac to dc. A diode is used to clip the input signal excursions of one polarity to zero.
- 13. Shockley Equation − = 1exp T D sD nV v Ii q kT VT = Is is the saturation current ~10 -14 Vd is the diode voltage n – emission coefficient (varies from 1 - 2 ) k = 1.38 × 10–23 J/K is Boltzmann’s constant q = 1.60 × 10–19 C is the electrical charge of an electron. At a temperature of 300 K, we have mV26≅TV