This document describes a semi-perpetual motion machine designed by Harsh Gupta. It works on the principle of centripetal force using a system of gears, shafts and bearings. The central gear provides rotation to three outer gears. Weights are added to the outer gears to provide a high rotational force from a small manual input. While perpetual motion violates thermodynamics, this design aims to generate more power output than input using centrifugal and rotational forces. Potential applications include power generation for irrigation in times of drought.

1. SEMI-PERPETUAL
MOTION
MACHINE
Harsh Gupta
M.Tech. (Automobile Engineering)
Amity School of Engineering and Technology

2. INTRODUCTION
What is perpetual motion?
Perpetual motion can be described as "motion that continues
indefinitely without any external source of energy; impossible
in practice because of friction."It can also be described as "the
motion of a hypothetical machine which, once activated, would
run forever unless subject to an external force or to wear".
There is a scientific consensus that perpetual motion in an
isolated system would violate the first and/or second law of
thermodynamics

3. WORKING PRINCIPLE
 There is a scientific consensus that perpetual
motion in an isolated system violates either the first
law of thermodynamics, the second law of
thermodynamics, or both. The first law of
thermodynamics is essentially a statement of
conservation of energy. The second law can be
phrased in several different ways, the most intuitive
of which is that heat flows spontaneously from
hotter to colder places and basically the above
mentioned project follows the second law of
thermodynamics and also works on the principle of
centripetal force.

4. WHAT IS CENTRIPETAL FORCE?
 Centripetal force (from Latin centrum "center" and
petere "to seek") is a force that makes a body
follow a curved path: it is always directed
orthogonaly to the velocity of the body, towards the
instantaneous center of curvature of the path. The
mathematical description was derived in 1659 by
Dutch physicist Christian Huygens. Isaac Newton's
description was: "A centripetal force is that by which
bodies are drawn or impelled or in any way tend,
towards a point as to a center."

5. MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE OF
CENTRIPETAL FORCE:-
 The magnitude of the centripetal force on an object of
mass m moving at a speed v along a path with radius of
curvature r is:
 Where ac is the centripetal acceleration. The direction of
the force is toward the center of the circle in which the
object is moving, or the osculating circle, the circle that
best fits the local path of the object, if the path is not
circular. This force is also sometimes written in terms of
the angular velocity ω of the object about the center of
the circle:

6.  Expressed using the period for one revolution of the
circle, T, the equation becomes:

7. COMPONENTS USED
 Casting gears
 Iron shaft
 Bearings
 PVC clear sheet
 Screws
 Nails
 Wooden frame
 Dynamo meter
 Alluminium pulley

8. DESIGN
Step 1
 We design centre gear with 80 mm diameter, 16 mm width,
approx 40 teeth and 20mm centre hole.
 This gear provides rotation torque to the outer three dice and
also provide rotation track to the outer three gears.

9. Step2
 Now we design outer 3 gears with specific size mention below
diagram.
 We use boll bearing 6201 in the centre gear to provide smooth
rotation

10. Step3
 Centre distance between big gear and small gear

11. Step4
 Now we design the most important part of the project Gear
fixture arm. It has three arms with three fixture groves and one
centre bearing holder as shown below diagram.

12. Step5
 Now we design centre rotator shaft this shaft hold two Gear
fixture arm with the help of bearing.

13. Step 6
 Now we insert small gear in centre shaft and position it in
between two Gear fixture arm and also screw up big gear on
the outer fixture position the arm.

14. Step 7
 We add on sum weight on outer gear dice to provide high
rotation force.

15. Step 8
 We fix metal disk with centre shaft to provide rotation jerk to
outer three gears with help of connected small gear. We use
PVC clear on top of the project frame to show clear visibility.

16. PROBLEMS FACED
 Avaliability of components of desired specification
in market as per the design.
 To vary the output speed.
 Balancing of gears and vibrations.

17. SOLUTIONS ADAPTED
 As per the market survey conducted by us we have
selected the components with nearest possible
specifications as per our design to get the desired
power.
 Output speed is controlled by less input manual
power
 By attaching masses on each gear,balancing is
obtained.

18. ADVANTAGES
 Zero fuel cost(the cost is involved only in the
arrangement of gears).
 More power output.
DISADVANTAGES
 Vibration of mechanical parts
 Risk of jerk while operating manually

19. FUTURE SCOPE
 Our project basically means “ higher generation of
power with smaller input” which can be used in
agriculture fields as during the time of draughts a
huge amount of water supply is needed so at that
time this machine will help in generating maximum
pumping power without any extra amount of energy.

20. THANK YOU