Social literacy refers to an individual's ability to successfully navigate their social roles. There are several theories of social literacy, including consensus theories which focus on social order and stability, and conflict theories which examine power struggles between groups. Structural functionalism views society as made up of institutions that work together, while interactionist theories see social interactions and meanings as defining society. Gender and development (GAD) emphasizes challenging gender roles and stereotypes to promote equality and equal opportunities between men and women.

1. SOCIAL
LITERACY
“An individual’s ability to successfully and
deliberately mediate their world as family
members, workers, citizens and lifelong
learners”

2. SOCIAL LITERACY
THEORIES

3. CONSENSUS
a general or widespread agreement among all
members of a particular society.
CONFLICT
a clash between ideas, principles and people.

4. CONSENSUS THEORIES
a sociological perspective or collection of
theories, in which social order and
stability/social form the base of regular
emphasis.
concerned with the maintenance or continuation
of social order in society, in relation to accepted
norms, values, rules and regulations as widely
accepted or collectively by the society- or within
a particular society itself.

5. CONFLICT THEORY
 The struggle between social classes and class
conflict s between the powerful and less
powerful group.

6. STRUCTURAL
FUNCTIONALISM
Structural Functionalism states that society is
made up of various institutions that work
together in cooperation.
Considers culture as a glue that binds the society
together, leading to social order.

7. Structural Functionalism (AGIL)
1. Adaptation- a system must cope with external
situational exigencies. It must adapt to its
environment and adapt environment to its
needs.
2. Goal attainment- a system must define and
achieve its primary goals.
3. Integration- a system must regulate the
interrelationship of its component parts. It also
mage the relationship among the other three
functional imperative (A,G,L)

8. 4. Latency (pattern maintenance)- a system
must furnish, maintain and renew both the
motivation of individuals and the cultural patterns
that create and sustain the motivation.

9. INTERACTIONIST
THEORIES
 is based on the idea that human beings, as they
interact with one other, give meanings to
themselves, others, and the world around them,
and use the meanings as a basis for making
decisions and taking actions.

10. Symbolic Interactionism
Views individual and group behaviour and
social interactions as defining features of
society.

11. Non-Symbolic Interactionism
It is marked by spontaneous and direct
response to the gesture and actions of
other individual, without the
intermediation of any interpretation.

12. SOCIAL
INSTITUT
ION

13. SOCIAL INSTITUTION
Social institution is a group of social positions,
connected by social relations, performing a
social role.
Any institutions in a society that works to
socialize the groups of people in it.

14. Characteristics and functions of an
institution
• Palipsi (1996) pointed out the following
characteristics and functions.
1. Institutions are purposive. Each of them
has the satisfaction of social needs as its own
goal or objective.
2. Relatively permanent in their continent.
The pattern roles and relations that people
enact in a particular culture become traditional
enduring. Although institutions are subject to
change, the change is relatively slow.

15. 3. Institutions are structured. The
components tend to band together, reinforce one
another. This is because social roles and social
relations are in themselves structured
combinations of behavior patterns.
4. Institutions are unified structure. They
function as a unit.
5. Institutions are necessarily value-laden.
Their repeated uniformities, patterns and trends
become codes of conduct. Most of these codes
subconsciously exert social pressures. However,
others are in form of rules and laws.

16. Functions:
1. Institutions simplify social behavior for the
individual person. The social institutions
provide every child with all the needed social
and cultural mechanisms through which he can
grow socially.
2. Institutions provide ready-made forms of social
relations and social roles for the individual. The
principal roles are not invented by the
individuals, they are provided by the
institutions.

17. 3. Institutions also act as agencies of coordination
and stability for total culture. The ways of
thinking and behaving that are institutionalized
“make sense” to people.
4. Institutions tend to control behavior. They
contain the systematic expectations of the
society.

18. GENDER
AND
DEVELOPM
ENT

19. What is GAD?
 The GAD (Gender and Development) approach
focuses on the socially constructed basis of
differences between men and women and
emphasizes the need to challenge existing
gender roles and relations.

20. Gender stereotyping
 It’s the beliefs about the personal attributes of
females and males.
 Personal attributes?
-basically means traits that make up your
personality, which define who you are as a person.

21. Gender and Equality
 gives women the entitlements to all aspects of
human development, including economic, social,
cultural, civil and political rights, the same level
of respect, the same level of opportunities to
make choices, and the same level of power to
shape the outcomes of these choices.

22. Gender Inequality
 acknowledges that men and women are not
equal and that gender affects an individual’s
living experience.

23. THE END! !
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