The document discusses conformity, deviance, and mechanisms of social control. It defines conformity as behaving according to social norms and deviance as violating social norms. Deviance is a social construct defined by others and exists in relation to cultural norms. Mechanisms of social control that shape conformity and deviance include labeling theory, gossip, and laws with sanctions for violations. Strain theory also explains deviance as occurring due to tensions between cultural goals and ability to achieve them through legitimate means.

1. UNDERSTANDIN
G CONFORMITY
AND DEVIANCE

2. CONFORMITY
•Behavior in accordance with socially
accepted conventions or standards. The
desire to go along with the norms of a
group people.

3. DEVIANCE
•A concept that describes an non-
conformity to social norms, values,
and civic expectations. “deviance” is
a socially constructed phenomenon.

4. •The violation of social norms called
deviance.
•Deviance is characterized for its
contextualized nature and relativity.
•Deviant is someone whose behavior
(notably, not attitudes or beliefs)
departs from established moral

5. •It exists only in relation to culture
norms.
•People become deviant as others
define them that way.
•Both norms and the way events are
defined are related to patterns of
THREE WAYS:

6. MECHANISM OF SOCIAL
CONTROL

7. Theory states how members of
society label others, whether they
are deviant or not. ( Newman,
2012)
LABELING
THEORY

8. This often practiced in small-scale
communities where people know each other
personally. And also used to level the
playing field by putting achievers to shame
or putting them to the same level as others
(Haviland, Prins, Walrath, and McBride,
GOSSIP

9. LAW
Are formal codes of conduct that
are met with negative sanctions
(i.e. punishment) when violated
(Haviland, Prins, Walrath, and
McBride, 2008).

10. HUMAN DIGNITY,
RIGHTS, AND THE
COMMON GOOD

11. INTERNATIONAL COVENANTS
OF HUMAN RIGHTS(1996)
1.INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND
POLITICAL RIGHTS (ICCPR)
2.INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON
ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL
RIGHTS (ICECSR)

12. THREE MAIN IDEAS IN
UNDERSTANDING HUMAN DIGNITY, RIGHTS AND
COMMON GOOD
• Dignity is “inherent…to all members of the
human family” (UDHR, Preamble).
• All human beings are “free and equal in
dignity of the human person” (UDHR, Article
1).
• “This rights derive from the inherent dignity
and rights” (ICCPR and ICESCR, Preamble).

13. STRAIN THEORY
States that deviant behavior occurs when
people experience strain or tension when
culture imposes goals that individuals
should achieve, but the social environment
makes it hard or challenging for individuals
to meet such goals through a legitimate
manner.

14. a) Conformity
b) Innovation
c) Ritualism
d) Retreat
e) Rebellion
MEMBERS OF SOCIETY
REACT TO STRAINS IN FIVE
WAYS: