Sehrish naz
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This document provides an overview of counseling, including its objectives, principles, and fundamentals. It defines counseling as an interactive process that leads to behavioral or emotional changes through a relationship between counselor and client. It discusses the principles of acceptance, permissiveness, and confidentiality in counseling. It provides dos and don'ts for counselors, such as keeping a clean environment, making the client comfortable, understanding their psychology, and avoiding personal biases. Fundamentals include guiding clients to their own solutions, providing direction, protecting their feelings, using humor, self-disclosure, being open-minded and believing clients are doing their best.
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Stage 1: Initial Disclosure
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Counselling …………………………………………………………………
Counselling and Psychotherapy………………………………………
The Role of the Counsellor……………………………………………
Counselling Skills ……………………………………………………
Stages of the counselling process: …………………………………………
Some Misconceptions About Counselling ……………………………
The Counselling Process ………………………………………………
Stage 1: Relationship Building - Initial Disclosure ………………………
Stage 2: In-Depth Exploration - Problem Assessment ………………….
Stage 3: Goal Setting - Commitment to Action ………………………….…
Guidelines for Selecting and Defining Goals ………………………..
Summary ………………………………………………………………
Three stages of Counselling in Perspective …………………………………
Psychoanalytic theory ……………………………………………..…
Benefits and limitations of Psychoanalytic theory ……………
Psychodynamic Approach to Counselling …………………………
Id, Ego and Superego …………………………………………
Humanistic Theory …………………………………………………
Client Centred/Non Directive Counselling……………………
Benefits and limitations in relation …………………………
Humanistic Approach to Counselling …………………………………
Behaviour Theory …………………………………………………
Behavioural Approach to Counselling …………………………
Cognitive Theory …………………………………………………
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Culture has significant effects on health behaviors and illness experiences. When people move to a new culture, they may experience culture shock which involves phases like a honeymoon period, crisis as excitement fades, and eventual adjustment. Illness is understood differently across cultures, with some viewing it as natural and others supernatural. Patients bring culturally influenced ideas about symptoms, treatment, and decision-making. Dietary taboos also vary between cultures. Health care providers must consider these cultural factors to effectively serve diverse patient populations.
C, h, s unit 2
The document discusses various social institutions and groups. It defines institutions as systems of norms that govern behavior to achieve important goals or activities. It outlines key institutions like family, religion, political and legal systems, and education. It describes different family types, marriage customs, and religious beliefs. It also defines primary, secondary, and reference groups and how they differ. Minority groups are discussed as subordinate groups with unequal treatment based on attributes.
Session 2 value generic
Values are beliefs about what is good and desirable. They guide behavior and are learned from environment, family, culture and life experiences. Values differ between individuals and cultures. Nurses must clarify their own values and understand patients' values to provide ethical care. When values conflict, resolution requires open communication and compromise.
Session 3 ethical principals and theories
This document discusses ethical principles and theories relevant to healthcare. It defines key concepts like autonomy, informed consent, beneficence, and non-maleficence. It also outlines several ethical theories used in decision making, including virtue ethics, deontology, utilitarianism, and rights-based approaches. The document uses examples to illustrate ethical dilemmas that may arise in nursing practice and the importance of ethical decision making frameworks.
Session 1 introduction to ethics converted
This document provides an introduction to nursing ethics. It defines key terms like morals, ethics, values, beliefs, and attitudes. It discusses important ethical concepts like ethical dilemmas, principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. It also identifies common nursing ethics dilemmas and discusses the importance and role of ethics in nursing practice.
Session 4 informed consent and confidentiality
This document discusses confidentiality and informed consent. It defines confidentiality as limiting access to certain information through agreements. Informed consent is defined as a client agreeing to a treatment or procedure after receiving all relevant information about risks and benefits. The importance of maintaining confidentiality and obtaining informed consent is also discussed, including protecting privacy and fulfilling ethical principles of patient autonomy. Elements of informed consent, the consent process, and exceptions are outlined. Nurses play an important role in ensuring patients are fully informed when providing consent.
Session 5 bills of rights
This document defines human rights and bills of rights. It lists 10 types of human rights such as the right to life, liberty, privacy, and basic necessities. The role of nurses is to advocate for and protect patients' rights. A patient's bill of rights outlines the rights patients have in a healthcare facility, including the rights to privacy, confidentiality, respect, autonomous medical decisions, freedom from abuse, and expressing complaints.
Part e ventilation
This document discusses ventilation and its importance for community health. It defines ventilation and describes the types and needs of housing. Poor ventilation and housing can negatively impact health by increasing moisture, attracting dirt and biological pollutants. Good ventilation is necessary to control moisture and remove airborne chemicals, particles and odors. Choices that impact indoor air quality include using household chemicals, products from smoking, and controlling pests.
Part d food sanitation
This document discusses food sanitation and preventing foodborne illness. It outlines the key principles of clean, separate, cook, and chill to avoid contamination and properly handle food. Specific foodborne bacteria like salmonella, staphylococcus, clostridium perfringens, and E. coli are described along with their symptoms. Proper handwashing, using separate cutting boards and utensils for raw and cooked foods, thoroughly cooking foods to proper internal temperatures, and promptly refrigerating leftovers are emphasized as ways to keep food safe.
Part a environment
The document defines the environment and its impact on community health. It discusses that the environment consists of physical, biological, and psychosocial factors that influence human health. Environmental hazards can be biological, such as waterborne and foodborne diseases, chemical like pesticides and lead, or physical factors including radiation and air pollution. Maintaining a clean environment through proper sanitation and limiting pollution is important for preventing disease and promoting community health.
Part c waste management
This document discusses waste management and its impact on health. It defines different types of waste such as solid waste, liquid waste, and hazardous waste. Sources of waste include households, commerce, and industry. Improper waste disposal can negatively impact health through chemical poisoning, flooding, increased disease rates, and mercury toxicity. It also affects animals and aquatic life. The document outlines various waste management strategies like reducing waste, recycling, composting, incineration, and landfilling. It emphasizes the importance of proper collection, transport, and disposal of waste for environmental and public health.
Part b water
This document is a lecture on water and community health by Sehrish Naz and Rabia Lohani for a community health nursing course. It discusses water purification processes and was presented to generic BSN semester II students for 3 credit hours on topics relating the environment and its impact on community health. The document provides an overview of water purification and processing methods.
Unit 6
This document provides an overview of health education in community health nursing. It defines health education according to the WHO as enabling individuals to control their own health by providing information to influence knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. It describes health education policy and activities at the national, regional, and local levels in Pakistan. The main principles, methods, priorities, and strategies of health education implementation are outlined, focusing on communities, intervention programs, and the primary healthcare system. Social marketing approaches to health education are also discussed.
Unit 7
This document provides an introduction to home visiting as part of community health nursing. It discusses that the purpose of home visits is to assess the home and family situation in order to provide necessary nursing care and health education. The objectives of home visits are listed as assessment, nursing care, treatment, health education, and referral if needed. Home visits allow nurses to implement the nursing process, study home and family conditions, and provide services in patients' own surroundings. The document outlines the various components and procedures involved in conducting effective home visits.
Unit 4
This document discusses international and national nursing organizations. It describes the International Council of Nursing (ICN), which represents over 16 million nurses worldwide and works to advance nursing globally. The World Health Organization (WHO) is also discussed as the leading international health organization. On a national level, the document outlines the roles of the Pakistan Nursing Council (PNC), which regulates nursing standards, and the Pakistan Nurses Federation (PNF), which advocates for nurses' welfare.
Unit 1
1. The document outlines the ground rules and objectives for a Community Health Nursing class, including starting each day with prayer and Quran recitation, maintaining respect and focus in class, and the roles of the community health nurse.
2. Key concepts that will be covered include defining community, community health, and the community health nurse role. The historical background of public health nursing will also be discussed.
3. Students will learn about health, wellness, illness, disease, and the roles of the community health nurse in different settings like educator, counselor, and advocate.
Unit 3
This document discusses primary health care in Pakistan. It describes the ideal components of a primary health care facility, including staff, equipment, and functional capabilities for diagnosing and treating common illnesses, maternity care, and health education. It then evaluates the current status of primary health care facilities in Pakistan, called Basic Health Units, which face issues like understaffing, poor salaries, lack of equipment and medicines. It also describes the Lady Health Workers program, but notes its limited scope and training.
Unit 2
This document discusses primary health care as outlined in the Declaration of Alma-Ata in 1978. It defines primary health care as essential care that is universally accessible, affordable, and participatory. The key principles of primary health care are equitable distribution of resources, community participation, intersectoral coordination between different sectors like education and sanitation, and use of appropriate technology. The document outlines the components and goals of primary health care in achieving "Health for All" through primary, secondary and tertiary levels of care.
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- 1. PREPARED BY Sehrish Naz RN,PostRN COUNSELING AND GUIDENCE
- 2. Objectives At the end of this lecture the learners will be able to: Define counseling Discuss principles of counseling DO’S and DONT’S of counseling Describe the qualities of a good counselor. Explain fundamentals of counseling
- 3. COUNSELING An interactive process characterized by a unique relationship between the counselor and client that leads to change in one or more of the following areas: Behavior Beliefs or emotional concerns relating to perceptions Level of emotional distress
- 4. Counseling is a learning situation which eventually result in behavior changes. Effectiveness in counseling depends the readiness of the client to make the therapeutic relationship with the PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING
- 5. cont… Each client must be accepted as an individual or(a person). Counseling is basically a permissive relationship.
- 6. Cont… The counseling relationship is one of the confidential relationship.
- 7. DO’S AND DON’TS OF COUNSELING DO’s Keep the surrounding clean and neat to make the client feel relaxed and interested in you. Make the client comfortable by being friendly. Ensure your client is relaxed and has confidence in you. Try to understand the psychology of the patient.
- 8. Cont.. Speak in clear and audible tone and speak in soft voice especially with children. Dress soberly Attentation is very important to client.
- 9. Don’ts Do not begin the counseling immediately. Do not stop your client from talking. Do not dress against the dressing code of your area. Do not use exaggerated gesture. Do not bring in personal biases in your views.
- 10. cont…. Do not ask closed ended question if you need more information. Do not forget to ‘THANKS’ if the client sharing hisher problem. Do not raise your voice that show anger.
- 12. Fundamentals for Counseling Rarely be a problem solver; help guide the client to coming up with own solutions Provide a sense of direction for the client
- 13. Cont… Take care of your client; protect his/her feelings help him/her move at own pace Have a sense of humor Incorporate self-disclosure as an important part of counseling; show that you are willing to share as well.
- 14. Cont… Be open-minded Believe that clients are doing the best that they can mutual agreement on expectations for therapy between you and your client is essential Ask client for feedback
- 16. THANK YOU