This presentation provides the brief details on the sedimentary structures present in the Permian and Eocene age rocks.
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Sedimentary texture can be useful in interpreting the mechanisms and environment of deposition. It also has major control over the porosity and permeability of sediment.
Historical geology Is the branch which deals with the history of the rocks of the earth’s crust with special emphasis on their approximate time of formation and the climate changes they have undergone since their formation.
ELEMENTS OF CORRELATION, STRUCTURAL FEATURES, METHOD OF STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION ,
Three principle kinds of correlations
Sedimentary texture can be useful in interpreting the mechanisms and environment of deposition. It also has major control over the porosity and permeability of sediment.
Historical geology Is the branch which deals with the history of the rocks of the earth’s crust with special emphasis on their approximate time of formation and the climate changes they have undergone since their formation.
ELEMENTS OF CORRELATION, STRUCTURAL FEATURES, METHOD OF STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION ,
Three principle kinds of correlations
LGC field course in the Book Cliffs, UT: Presentation 1 of 14 (Principles of ...William W. Little
Introductory presentation for a professional field course titled: THE BOOK CLIFFS: A CASE STUDY IN COASTAL SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY, offered annually through W.W. LITTLE GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING (also offered by SCA). See details at: HTTP://LITTLEWW.WORDPRESS.COM.
Process of Transport and Generation of Sedimentary StructuresAkshayRaut51
sedimentary structures ,sedimentary rocks ,weathering and erosion ,sediment transport mechanism ,hjulstrom curve ,types of flow of sediments ,reynold number ,froude number ,laminations ,bedding plane ,cross bedding ,herringbone structure ,ripple marks ,graded bedding ,sole marks ,mud cracks ,ball and pillow structures ,stylolites ,concretion ,nodules
LGC field course in the Book Cliffs, UT: Presentation 1 of 14 (Principles of ...William W. Little
Introductory presentation for a professional field course titled: THE BOOK CLIFFS: A CASE STUDY IN COASTAL SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY, offered annually through W.W. LITTLE GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING (also offered by SCA). See details at: HTTP://LITTLEWW.WORDPRESS.COM.
Process of Transport and Generation of Sedimentary StructuresAkshayRaut51
sedimentary structures ,sedimentary rocks ,weathering and erosion ,sediment transport mechanism ,hjulstrom curve ,types of flow of sediments ,reynold number ,froude number ,laminations ,bedding plane ,cross bedding ,herringbone structure ,ripple marks ,graded bedding ,sole marks ,mud cracks ,ball and pillow structures ,stylolites ,concretion ,nodules
Structural geology is the study of the three-dimensional of the rock units with respect to their deformational histories, Structure is spatial and geometrical configuration of rock components.
Structures are classified into two types:
Primary structures.
Secondary structures
Primary structures
Structures that form during deposition or crystallization of the rock, are the result of two processes:
Settling of solid particles from fluid medium in which they have been suspended, in most of the sedimentary rocks.
Crystallization of mineral grains from a liquid in which they have been dissolved as in igneous rocks.
TRUE OR FALSE: The Earth’s surface has stayed the same for thousands of years
FALSE: the Earth’s surface is always changing
EXAMPLE
EROSION & DEPOSITION
EROSION
Is the process by which natural forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another.
Sediment – material moved by erosion .
DEPOSITION
Occurs where the agents of erosion lay down sediment.
Mass Movement
Any one of several processes that move sediment downhill.
Different types of Mass Movement
Landslide
- occurs when rock and soil slide quickly down a steep slope.
Different types of Mass Movement
Mudflow
- mudflow is a rapid downhill movement of a mixture of water, rock, and soil.
Different types of Mass Movement
Slump
- a mass of rock and soil suddenly slips down a slope.
Different types of Mass Movement
Creep
- very slow downhill movement of rock and soil.
Water Erosion
Rills and Gullies
Rills
- tiny grooves in the soil.
Gully
- a large groove , or channel, in the soil that carries runoff after a rainstorm
Streams and Rivers
Stream
- a channel along which water is continually flowing down a slope.
River
- a large stream
Amount of Runoff
In an area depends on five main factors:
1st – amount of rain
2nd – vegetation
3rd – type of soil
4th – shape of the land
5th – how people use the land
Erosion by River
Through erosion, a river creates a waterfalls, flood plains, meanders, and oxbow lakes.
Waterfall
May occur where a river meets an area of rock that is very hard and erodes slowly.
Flood plain
Flat, wide area of land along a river.
Meander
A loop like bend in the course of the river
Oxbow lake
A meander that has been cut off from the river.
Deposits by River
Deposition creates landforms such as alluvial fans and deltas. It can also add soil to a river’s flood plain.
Alluvial Fans
A wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range.
Deltas
Sediment deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake.
Groundwater Erosion
Groundwater can cause erosion through a process of chemical weathering.
Stalactite – hangs down from the roof of a cave.
Stalagmite – pointed piece of rock that sticks u p from the floor.
How Water Erode and Carries Sediment
Most sediment washes or falls into the river as a result of mass movement and runoff. Other sediment erodes from the bottom or sides of the river.
Abrasion- is the wearing away of rock by grinding action.
- occurs when particles of sediment in flowing water bumped into the steam again and again.
Erosion and Sediment Load
A river’s slope, volume of flow, and the shape of its trembled all affect how fast the river flows and how much sediment it can erode.
Slope
Is the amount the river drops toward sea level over a give distance.
Volume of Flow
A river’s flow is the volume of water that moves past a point on the river on a given time.
Streambed Shape
Affects the
A presentation on hurricanes covering how hurricanes are formed,worst 10 hurricanes in history,damages and effects of hurricanes and Hurricane safety Tips.
Geology and Stratigraphy of Hazara,Mansehra and Oghi Khaki Road PakistanHammad Ahmad Sheikh
A detail field report on Stratigraphy of the the Hazara Basin,Mansehra and Oghi Khaki Road.
Beside this there is a detailed description on the Drilling Rig and working and One day visit to Tarbela Dam.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
2. • Sedimentary structures are large scale
features of the sedimentary rocks and
include the familiar cross bedding ripple
marks, bioturbation, bedding unit etc.
3. Depositional Structures
Lamination
• Lamination develops in fine grained
sediment when fine grained particles
settle, which can only happen in
quiet water.
Bedding
• Bedding is produced by changes in
the pattern of sedimentation i.e.
defined by changes in sediment
grain size, color and mineralogy.
Fig 1.1 showing lamination in the Dandot Formation
Fig 1.2 showing Massive bedding in the Tobra
Formaton
4. Depositional structures
Graded Bedding
Normal graded bedding developed
where the coarsest particle at the
base give way to finer particles
higher up.
Inverse graded Bedding
Reverse grading can arise from an
increasing strength of flow during
sedimentation but more commonly
from grain dispersion.
Fig 1.3 showing Normal Graded Bedding in the
Tobra formation.
Fig 1.4 showing Inverse graded Bedding in the
Tobra Formation.
5. Hummocky Cross
stratification
Hummocky Cross Stratification is
characterized by a gently
undulating low angle (<10-15)
cross lamination with the convex-
upward part the hummock and
concave-downward part the swale.
Fig 1.5 showing Hummocky Cross stratification
in the Dandot Formation.
Depositional Environment
6. Depositional structures
Trough Cross Bedding
Trough cross bedding is formed in
result of erosion and deposition
related to ripple and dune migration.
Ripple Cross Lamination
It is form in the result of migration of
asymmetrical Ripples in downcutting
direction.
Fig 1.6 showing Trough Cross Bedding in the
Dandot Formation.
Fig 1.7 showing Ripple Cross Lamination in the
Dandot Formation.
7. Depositional structures
Flaser bedding is formed where
mud deposition is intermittent
with ripple migration, thin streaks
of mud occur between sand.
Flaser bedding is the
characteristic feature of the inter-
tidal zone.
Flaser Bedding
Fig 1.8 showing Flaser Bedding in the
Dandot Formation.
8. Wavy Bedding
When there is an equal proportion
of sand and mud deposited then
wavy bedding is formed.
Wavy Bedding is the characteristic
feature of the mixed flat in the
inter-tidal zone.
Depositional structures
Fig 1.9 showing wavy bedding in the Dandot
Formation.
9. Lenticular Bedding
Lenticular bedding is the term
applied to isolated ripples of sand
within the mud as lenses.
Depositional structures
Fig 1.10 showing Lenticular bedding in the
Dandot Formation.
10. Depositional structures
Asymmetrical Ripple Marks
Current Ripples are produced by
unidirectional currents so they are
asymmetrical with a steep
leeside(downstream) and gentle stoss-
side(upstream).
Ripple Marks
Fig 1.11 showing Asymmeterical Ripple Marks in the
Dandot formation.
11. Depositional structures
Symmetrical Ripple Marks
Under natural conditions they form by
river and stream flow, by backwash on
beaches, and by longshore currents,
tidal currents, and deep-ocean bottom
currents.
Ripple Marks
Fig 1.12 showing symmetrical Ripple Marks in the
Dandot Formation.
12. Erosional structures
The presence of iron nodules mainly composed of hematite in claystone indicates that these
nodules were formed in poorly to moderately drained substrates, probably in fluvial floodplain
environments.
Clay nodules
Fig 1.13 showing clay nodules in the Erosional structures.
13. Channels
Channels are formed by
erosion, principally by
currents but in some cases
by mass movements.
Channels developed in many
environments like in fluvatile,
glacial , deltaic, tidal-flat,
shelf-margin and slope
marine fan locations.
Erosional Structures
Fig 1.14 showing Channels in the
Erosional structures.
14. Rain imprints
Rainspots are small
depressions with rims formed
through the impact of rain on
the soft exposed surface of
fine grained sediment.
Post-Depositional structures
Fig 1.15 showing Rain imprints in the
Dandot Formation.
15. Load Cast
Load structures are formed
through differential sinking of
one bed into another. Load
casts have been reported in
deposits from a variety of
environments, including fluvial,
lacustrine, deltaic, and
shallow-marine.
Post-Depositional structures
Fig 1.16 showing Load cast in the
Dandot Formation
16. Bioturbation is produced by a variety of organisms and because different organism engage in similar
types of behavior.
Biogenic structures
Bioturbation
Fig 1.17 showing Bioturbation in the Tobra
Formation.
Fig 1.18 showing bioturbation in the Dandot
Formation.
18. Trace Fossils
Tracks, trails, burrows,
borings, and other structures
made by organisms on
bedding surfaces or within
beds are known collectively
as trace fossils.
Biogenic structures
Fig 1.21 showing Trace Fossils in the
Dandot formation
19. Biogenic structures
• Petrified wood forms when plant
debris is buried by sediment and
then replaced by deposition of
mineral material dissolved in
groundwater.
Fig 1.22 showing Petrified Wood in the Dandot
Formation.
Petrified Wood