Chapter 2 Section 3 Notes
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The document discusses the Sumerian civilization that emerged around 3200 BC in the Fertile Crescent region between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Mesopotamia. The Sumerians developed one of the earliest systems of writing called cuneiform using reed pens in wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets. They also made advances in mathematics, dividing time and circles into basic units still used today. Sumerian cities had distinct social hierarchies and believed in polytheistic religions where gods controlled nature and were worshipped in ziggurats.
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Sumerians
- Sumer was an ancient civilization located in southern Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) from around 4500 BC to 2000 BC. It is considered one of the earliest civilizations in the world.
- The Sumerians developed new techniques in agriculture such as irrigation, which allowed cities and states to form along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. This led to the development of writing, specialized labor, trade, and greater population densities.
- Sumerian city-states rose to power between 2900 BC to 2334 BC until it was conquered by the Akkadian Empire. After a brief resurgence, Sumerian dominance ended as the region became dominated by Semitic
Sumer civilization
The Sumer civilization thrived in ancient Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq. It was the first civilization to develop systems of writing, government, religion, economic classes, advanced architecture like ziggurats, science, arts, and literature such as the Epic of Gilgamesh. The Sumerians invented innovations like the wheel, plow, calendar, bronze metallurgy, silver currency, and the first written legal code. However, rivalry among Sumerian city-states led to decline, and the Akkadian Empire later conquered and unified the region under rulers like Sargon I.
Unit 3 part 1- the first civilization- sumer
Covers Sumer- the first civilization. Details early farming, government, societal hierarchy, technologies, arts, written language, embedded relevant YouTube videos.
I used images from google search images.
Mesopotamian civilization
The document provides an overview of the ancient Mesopotamian civilization located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq. Key points include: the Sumerians established city-states around 3000 BC and developed writing, agriculture, and organized religion; cities were ruled independently but often in conflict over resources; the landscape comprised river basins that provided fertile soil for farming when flooded.
Early civilizations
The earliest civilizations developed around 3200 BC in Mesopotamia and Egypt. The Sumerians settled in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, where they invented the potter's wheel and their ruler Gilgamesh was the subject of one of the earliest works of literature. Egypt's civilization arose in the fertile Nile River valley. The ancient capital of Memphis featured pyramids from the Old Kingdom period that demonstrated Egypt's early prominence. Independent civilizations also emerged around 2500 BC along the Indus River in the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro in India, and around 1600 BC in ancient China along the Huang He River with the Shang dynasty
Science Chapter 01 Presentation
Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq. It was the site of the earliest civilizations, with many city-states forming along the fertile river valleys where agriculture flourished. The Sumerians, who lived in the region between the rivers, developed writing, schools, and advanced cultural and technological innovations like irrigation and city planning, making Mesopotamia the cradle of civilization. However, constant warfare between the independent city-states left Sumer vulnerable to conquest by other groups like the Babylonians.
Bronze age history of world
The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of bronze, proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization.
The Bronze Age is the second principal period of the three-age Stone-Bronze-Iron system, as proposed in modern times by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen, for classifying and studying ancient societies.
1. the sumer civilization
The document summarizes information about the Fertile Crescent region and the Sumerian civilization that originated there. It describes the Fertile Crescent as a crescent-shaped region stretching from modern Iraq to Egypt known for its rich soil and early development of irrigation and agriculture along great rivers. It notes that Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern Iraq, is where one of the earliest civilizations developed. The document then provides details about the Sumerian civilization that emerged in Mesopotamia, including that they were the first civilization as we understand it and were known for inventions like writing and mathematics. It includes a timeline of key events in the rise and
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Sumerians
- Sumer was an ancient civilization located in southern Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) from around 4500 BC to 2000 BC. It is considered one of the earliest civilizations in the world.
- The Sumerians developed new techniques in agriculture such as irrigation, which allowed cities and states to form along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. This led to the development of writing, specialized labor, trade, and greater population densities.
- Sumerian city-states rose to power between 2900 BC to 2334 BC until it was conquered by the Akkadian Empire. After a brief resurgence, Sumerian dominance ended as the region became dominated by Semitic
Sumer civilization
The Sumer civilization thrived in ancient Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq. It was the first civilization to develop systems of writing, government, religion, economic classes, advanced architecture like ziggurats, science, arts, and literature such as the Epic of Gilgamesh. The Sumerians invented innovations like the wheel, plow, calendar, bronze metallurgy, silver currency, and the first written legal code. However, rivalry among Sumerian city-states led to decline, and the Akkadian Empire later conquered and unified the region under rulers like Sargon I.
Unit 3 part 1- the first civilization- sumer
Covers Sumer- the first civilization. Details early farming, government, societal hierarchy, technologies, arts, written language, embedded relevant YouTube videos.
I used images from google search images.
Mesopotamian civilization
The document provides an overview of the ancient Mesopotamian civilization located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq. Key points include: the Sumerians established city-states around 3000 BC and developed writing, agriculture, and organized religion; cities were ruled independently but often in conflict over resources; the landscape comprised river basins that provided fertile soil for farming when flooded.
Early civilizations
The earliest civilizations developed around 3200 BC in Mesopotamia and Egypt. The Sumerians settled in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, where they invented the potter's wheel and their ruler Gilgamesh was the subject of one of the earliest works of literature. Egypt's civilization arose in the fertile Nile River valley. The ancient capital of Memphis featured pyramids from the Old Kingdom period that demonstrated Egypt's early prominence. Independent civilizations also emerged around 2500 BC along the Indus River in the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro in India, and around 1600 BC in ancient China along the Huang He River with the Shang dynasty
Science Chapter 01 Presentation
Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq. It was the site of the earliest civilizations, with many city-states forming along the fertile river valleys where agriculture flourished. The Sumerians, who lived in the region between the rivers, developed writing, schools, and advanced cultural and technological innovations like irrigation and city planning, making Mesopotamia the cradle of civilization. However, constant warfare between the independent city-states left Sumer vulnerable to conquest by other groups like the Babylonians.
Bronze age history of world
The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of bronze, proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization.
The Bronze Age is the second principal period of the three-age Stone-Bronze-Iron system, as proposed in modern times by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen, for classifying and studying ancient societies.
1. the sumer civilization
The document summarizes information about the Fertile Crescent region and the Sumerian civilization that originated there. It describes the Fertile Crescent as a crescent-shaped region stretching from modern Iraq to Egypt known for its rich soil and early development of irrigation and agriculture along great rivers. It notes that Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern Iraq, is where one of the earliest civilizations developed. The document then provides details about the Sumerian civilization that emerged in Mesopotamia, including that they were the first civilization as we understand it and were known for inventions like writing and mathematics. It includes a timeline of key events in the rise and
Contributions of Mesopotamia
From the Sumerians through the Phoenicians and Persians, these are some of the innovations developed by the peoples and empire of this river valley region.
Mesopotamia G,E,A
Rivers in Mesopotamia like the Tigris and Euphrates supported early civilizations through providing fertile soil and aiding trade and travel. The flooding of the rivers was both beneficial, leaving rich soil, and problematic, being unpredictable. Farmers learned to control the flooding through dams and irrigation channels. Key achievements of the Mesopotamians included inventing the wheel, developing the cuneiform writing system, plow, and advances in math including a number system and calendar.
Sumeria
This document discusses the characteristics of early civilizations and provides details about the Sumerian civilization that emerged in Mesopotamia around 3000 BCE. It notes that civilizations have advanced cities, complex institutions, specialized workers, record keeping, and advanced technology. The Sumerian civilization in Ur exhibited these traits and was notable for developing the first irrigation systems, libraries, written contracts, laws, and literature like the Epic of Gilgamesh. Life in Ur revolved around agriculture, trade, and a polytheistic religion centered on temples called ziggurats.
Unit 2 pp
Mesopotamia was home to some of the earliest civilizations. Around 4000 BC, people in Mesopotamia transitioned from hunter-gatherers to farmers, growing more food than needed and allowing specialization of jobs. One such civilization was the Sumerians, who built cities and worshipped many gods. They developed cuneiform writing and advanced technologies. Later empires that rose to power in Mesopotamia included the Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, and Chaldean empires, which variously conquered territories through military might and instituted systems of governance, taxation, and division of lands.
Sumer
Sumer was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq. It consisted of 12 independent city-states, each with its own patron god and ruler called an Ensi. At the center of each city was a ziggurat, a large stepped temple where the people believed their god resided. Sumerians developed innovations like irrigation, the wheel, bronze metallurgy, cuneiform writing, and the first system of laws, helping civilization last over 3,000 years in Mesopotamia.
Sumerian city
The document summarizes the rise of Sumerian city-states in Mesopotamia between 3500-5000 BCE. Key problems in the environment like food shortages and uncontrolled water supply led people to build large walled cities for protection and irrigation. Each city operated independently as a city-state with its own ruler and farmlands. The cities developed complex social structures, governments, religions and cultures, marking the emergence of one of the world's first civilizations in Sumer.
Sumer
Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq, was the site of early civilization and the development of cities. Many city-states formed along the fertile rivers, engaging in agriculture, trade, and developing writing and other early innovations. However, conflicts between the city-states weakened them, allowing the Babylonians to eventually conquer the region in around 1759 BC, marking the decline of Sumerian civilization.
Mesopotamia
The document discusses the Mesopotamian civilization between rivers Tigris and Euphrates rivers from 4000 BC to 400 BC. It summarizes the Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Hittite, Phoenician, Hebrew, Assyrian and Chaldean civilizations that occupied the region. The Sumerians established the first cities and introduced cuneiform writing and irrigation. Later, the Akkadian and Babylonian empires united the city-states and trade flourished. The Hittites were the first to use iron and horse-drawn carts.
How Did Geography Affect The Civilizations Of The
The geography of ancient civilizations greatly impacted their development. Along the Nile River, yearly floods provided fertile soil for agriculture but also required flood control structures like dikes. Settlements occurred within 10 miles of the river, and the desert boundaries limited Egypt's expansion. In Mesopotamia, the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers provided fertile soil and attracted other groups, leading to cultural exchange. Floods necessitated centralized government to manage irrigation. Overall, access to water and arable land through major rivers supported population growth and urbanization in these early civilizations.
Mesopotamia unit terms
Mesopotamia, located in present-day Iraq, was the site of one of the earliest known civilizations. Its settlers were herders who began controlling their environment through irrigation canals and growing crops like barley. They lived in city-states like Ur, with mud brick walls for protection, temples as the center of community life, and developed legal systems as populations grew. Mesopotamian achievements included some of the first written laws, use of the wheel, plow, sailboat, and a 12-month calendar based on astronomy.
River vally civiliztions
This document is an outline for a World History class lecture on early civilizations in Mesopotamia. It discusses how the geography of the Fertile Crescent influenced Sumerian culture, including the development of city-states and a system of dynastic rule. Key aspects of Sumerian culture are summarized, such as their polytheistic religious beliefs as expressed in texts like the Epic of Gilgamesh, social hierarchy composed of priests, merchants and workers, and technological innovations including writing, use of metals, and wheeled vehicles. The outline also notes the later Akkadian and Babylonian empires that rose in Mesopotamia and consolidated power across the region.
Early civilisations
Mesopotamia and Egypt were early civilizations that developed around 6000 BC along major river valleys, adopting irrigation for abundant harvests. They created hierarchical societies with kings, priests, and social classes, and writing emerged around 3500 BC for administration. Mesopotamia's civilization arose between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in a fertile region with shifting empires like Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, and Assyria over time, developing systems of laws, trade, and cuneiform writing on clay tablets.
Bronze age
The Bronze Age lasted from around 2300 BC to 700 BC. During this time, bronze was widely used to make tools, weapons, and other implements as it was harder than previously used stone. Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin. Cities without natural resources to obtain bronze were forced to trade with those that did have resources. The development of bronze tools and weapons advanced societies politically, economically, socially, and culturally. One influential Bronze Age invention was the chariot, a light two-wheeled vehicle drawn by horses that was used for transportation, hunting, and as a powerful military weapon.
Mesopotamia "CRADLE OF CIVILIZATION"
This document provides an overview of the major civilizations that arose in Mesopotamia between approximately 5000 BC and 300 BC, including Sumer, Akkadia, Babylon, Assyria, and Persia. It summarizes the origins and key developments of each civilization, such as the Sumerians inventing cuneiform writing and wheeled vehicles, Hammurabi establishing the first written law code in Babylon, and the Persians and Greeks eventually conquering the region. The document focuses on the political, social, and cultural achievements and influences of the successive Mesopotamian civilizations over thousands of years.
Ch 1- Water and Soil, Stone and Metal
This document summarizes the development of early civilizations in Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt between 10,000 BCE to 2100 BCE. It describes how the Sumerians in Mesopotamia developed irrigation techniques like levees, reservoirs, and canals to support agriculture along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, leading to the rise of villages and urban centers. Writing also emerged in Sumeria to keep records. Sumerian city-states were later conquered by the Akkadians, who adopted Sumerian culture and institutions. Ancient Egypt similarly developed agriculture along the Nile River around 5000 BCE and also created a system of hieroglyphic writing. Both civilizations established hierarchical social structures dominated
HISTORY OF MESOPOTAMIA CIVILIZATION
The document provides information about the earliest civilizations that emerged in Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It describes how the Sumerian civilization arose around cities along these rivers due to favorable conditions for farming provided by annual flooding. Key aspects of Sumerian civilization discussed include their invention of cuneiform writing, construction of ziggurats for worship, establishment of city-states each with their own government, and social hierarchy with priests and kings ruling over craftspeople, merchants, farmers and slaves. The document also notes how Sumerian innovations like the wheel and calendar system influenced later peoples in the region.
Mesopotamia
The document provides background information on the early civilization of Mesopotamia, including Sumer, Akkadians, Babylonia, and Assyria. It discusses the geography and environment of the region between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It also summarizes key aspects of Sumerian culture such as the development of writing, legal codes, religion, science, and innovations that established Mesopotamia as the cradle of civilization.
Shang civilization
The document summarizes the early history and civilizations of ancient China, including the Yellow River civilization. It describes the Yangshao and Longshan cultures from 5000-2000 BCE, including their farming practices, housing, and development of pottery. It then outlines the Shang Dynasty from 1600-1046 BCE and the Zhou Dynasty from 1046-256 BCE, noting their capital cities, use of bronze weapons and writing, and other cultural developments. Finally, it identifies key aspects of ancient Chinese civilization like oracle bones, calligraphy, corvee labor, and musical instruments.
Mesopotamian Civilization
- The document discusses the origins and development of civilization in ancient Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
- Nomadic herders settled in southern Mesopotamia around 3200 BC and established the first Sumerian cities, developing irrigation for agriculture.
- Sumerian civilization was polytheistic with anthropomorphic gods controlling nature and aspects of life. Their religion and social hierarchy structured around city-states each with their own ruler.
Ancient Civilizations
This power point is an introductory lesson to Ancient Civilizations. I used micro soft power point to create my slide-show. It was easy to do and fun to create different animations. I had trouble uploading some images because I tried to make them larger. That is the only problem i experienced other than not being able to upload to google doc.
Early Civilizations
The document provides an overview of early civilizations that arose in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It describes the Sumerians as the first people to develop cities and writing (in the form of cuneiform) around 3500 BCE. It then discusses the subsequent Akkadian, Babylonian, Hittite, Assyrian, Chaldean, and Persian empires that arose and fell in Mesopotamia and the surrounding Fertile Crescent region over thousands of years. Key figures that united large parts of the region under their rule include Sargon of Akkad, Hammurabi of Babylon, and Cyrus and Darius of Persia.
The Art Of The Ancient Near East
The document provides an overview of ancient Sumerian art and civilization. It discusses how the Sumerians established the first cities in Mesopotamia along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers around 3200 BCE. They developed irrigation, writing, and many other innovations that defined early civilization. Sumerian art included monumental architecture like ziggurats, sculptures of gods and worshippers, and the Standard of Ur with intricate mosaic scenes of war and peace. However, the Sumerian civilization declined when they were conquered by the Akkadian Empire in 2350 BCE.
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Contributions of Mesopotamia
From the Sumerians through the Phoenicians and Persians, these are some of the innovations developed by the peoples and empire of this river valley region.
Mesopotamia G,E,A
Rivers in Mesopotamia like the Tigris and Euphrates supported early civilizations through providing fertile soil and aiding trade and travel. The flooding of the rivers was both beneficial, leaving rich soil, and problematic, being unpredictable. Farmers learned to control the flooding through dams and irrigation channels. Key achievements of the Mesopotamians included inventing the wheel, developing the cuneiform writing system, plow, and advances in math including a number system and calendar.
Sumeria
This document discusses the characteristics of early civilizations and provides details about the Sumerian civilization that emerged in Mesopotamia around 3000 BCE. It notes that civilizations have advanced cities, complex institutions, specialized workers, record keeping, and advanced technology. The Sumerian civilization in Ur exhibited these traits and was notable for developing the first irrigation systems, libraries, written contracts, laws, and literature like the Epic of Gilgamesh. Life in Ur revolved around agriculture, trade, and a polytheistic religion centered on temples called ziggurats.
Unit 2 pp
Mesopotamia was home to some of the earliest civilizations. Around 4000 BC, people in Mesopotamia transitioned from hunter-gatherers to farmers, growing more food than needed and allowing specialization of jobs. One such civilization was the Sumerians, who built cities and worshipped many gods. They developed cuneiform writing and advanced technologies. Later empires that rose to power in Mesopotamia included the Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, and Chaldean empires, which variously conquered territories through military might and instituted systems of governance, taxation, and division of lands.
Sumer
Sumer was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq. It consisted of 12 independent city-states, each with its own patron god and ruler called an Ensi. At the center of each city was a ziggurat, a large stepped temple where the people believed their god resided. Sumerians developed innovations like irrigation, the wheel, bronze metallurgy, cuneiform writing, and the first system of laws, helping civilization last over 3,000 years in Mesopotamia.
Sumerian city
The document summarizes the rise of Sumerian city-states in Mesopotamia between 3500-5000 BCE. Key problems in the environment like food shortages and uncontrolled water supply led people to build large walled cities for protection and irrigation. Each city operated independently as a city-state with its own ruler and farmlands. The cities developed complex social structures, governments, religions and cultures, marking the emergence of one of the world's first civilizations in Sumer.
Sumer
Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq, was the site of early civilization and the development of cities. Many city-states formed along the fertile rivers, engaging in agriculture, trade, and developing writing and other early innovations. However, conflicts between the city-states weakened them, allowing the Babylonians to eventually conquer the region in around 1759 BC, marking the decline of Sumerian civilization.
Mesopotamia
The document discusses the Mesopotamian civilization between rivers Tigris and Euphrates rivers from 4000 BC to 400 BC. It summarizes the Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Hittite, Phoenician, Hebrew, Assyrian and Chaldean civilizations that occupied the region. The Sumerians established the first cities and introduced cuneiform writing and irrigation. Later, the Akkadian and Babylonian empires united the city-states and trade flourished. The Hittites were the first to use iron and horse-drawn carts.
How Did Geography Affect The Civilizations Of The
The geography of ancient civilizations greatly impacted their development. Along the Nile River, yearly floods provided fertile soil for agriculture but also required flood control structures like dikes. Settlements occurred within 10 miles of the river, and the desert boundaries limited Egypt's expansion. In Mesopotamia, the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers provided fertile soil and attracted other groups, leading to cultural exchange. Floods necessitated centralized government to manage irrigation. Overall, access to water and arable land through major rivers supported population growth and urbanization in these early civilizations.
Mesopotamia unit terms
Mesopotamia, located in present-day Iraq, was the site of one of the earliest known civilizations. Its settlers were herders who began controlling their environment through irrigation canals and growing crops like barley. They lived in city-states like Ur, with mud brick walls for protection, temples as the center of community life, and developed legal systems as populations grew. Mesopotamian achievements included some of the first written laws, use of the wheel, plow, sailboat, and a 12-month calendar based on astronomy.
River vally civiliztions
This document is an outline for a World History class lecture on early civilizations in Mesopotamia. It discusses how the geography of the Fertile Crescent influenced Sumerian culture, including the development of city-states and a system of dynastic rule. Key aspects of Sumerian culture are summarized, such as their polytheistic religious beliefs as expressed in texts like the Epic of Gilgamesh, social hierarchy composed of priests, merchants and workers, and technological innovations including writing, use of metals, and wheeled vehicles. The outline also notes the later Akkadian and Babylonian empires that rose in Mesopotamia and consolidated power across the region.
Early civilisations
Mesopotamia and Egypt were early civilizations that developed around 6000 BC along major river valleys, adopting irrigation for abundant harvests. They created hierarchical societies with kings, priests, and social classes, and writing emerged around 3500 BC for administration. Mesopotamia's civilization arose between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in a fertile region with shifting empires like Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, and Assyria over time, developing systems of laws, trade, and cuneiform writing on clay tablets.
Bronze age
The Bronze Age lasted from around 2300 BC to 700 BC. During this time, bronze was widely used to make tools, weapons, and other implements as it was harder than previously used stone. Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin. Cities without natural resources to obtain bronze were forced to trade with those that did have resources. The development of bronze tools and weapons advanced societies politically, economically, socially, and culturally. One influential Bronze Age invention was the chariot, a light two-wheeled vehicle drawn by horses that was used for transportation, hunting, and as a powerful military weapon.
Mesopotamia "CRADLE OF CIVILIZATION"
This document provides an overview of the major civilizations that arose in Mesopotamia between approximately 5000 BC and 300 BC, including Sumer, Akkadia, Babylon, Assyria, and Persia. It summarizes the origins and key developments of each civilization, such as the Sumerians inventing cuneiform writing and wheeled vehicles, Hammurabi establishing the first written law code in Babylon, and the Persians and Greeks eventually conquering the region. The document focuses on the political, social, and cultural achievements and influences of the successive Mesopotamian civilizations over thousands of years.
Ch 1- Water and Soil, Stone and Metal
This document summarizes the development of early civilizations in Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt between 10,000 BCE to 2100 BCE. It describes how the Sumerians in Mesopotamia developed irrigation techniques like levees, reservoirs, and canals to support agriculture along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, leading to the rise of villages and urban centers. Writing also emerged in Sumeria to keep records. Sumerian city-states were later conquered by the Akkadians, who adopted Sumerian culture and institutions. Ancient Egypt similarly developed agriculture along the Nile River around 5000 BCE and also created a system of hieroglyphic writing. Both civilizations established hierarchical social structures dominated
HISTORY OF MESOPOTAMIA CIVILIZATION
The document provides information about the earliest civilizations that emerged in Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It describes how the Sumerian civilization arose around cities along these rivers due to favorable conditions for farming provided by annual flooding. Key aspects of Sumerian civilization discussed include their invention of cuneiform writing, construction of ziggurats for worship, establishment of city-states each with their own government, and social hierarchy with priests and kings ruling over craftspeople, merchants, farmers and slaves. The document also notes how Sumerian innovations like the wheel and calendar system influenced later peoples in the region.
Mesopotamia
The document provides background information on the early civilization of Mesopotamia, including Sumer, Akkadians, Babylonia, and Assyria. It discusses the geography and environment of the region between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It also summarizes key aspects of Sumerian culture such as the development of writing, legal codes, religion, science, and innovations that established Mesopotamia as the cradle of civilization.
Shang civilization
The document summarizes the early history and civilizations of ancient China, including the Yellow River civilization. It describes the Yangshao and Longshan cultures from 5000-2000 BCE, including their farming practices, housing, and development of pottery. It then outlines the Shang Dynasty from 1600-1046 BCE and the Zhou Dynasty from 1046-256 BCE, noting their capital cities, use of bronze weapons and writing, and other cultural developments. Finally, it identifies key aspects of ancient Chinese civilization like oracle bones, calligraphy, corvee labor, and musical instruments.
Mesopotamian Civilization
- The document discusses the origins and development of civilization in ancient Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
- Nomadic herders settled in southern Mesopotamia around 3200 BC and established the first Sumerian cities, developing irrigation for agriculture.
- Sumerian civilization was polytheistic with anthropomorphic gods controlling nature and aspects of life. Their religion and social hierarchy structured around city-states each with their own ruler.
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Similar to Chapter 2 Section 3 Notes
Ancient Civilizations
This power point is an introductory lesson to Ancient Civilizations. I used micro soft power point to create my slide-show. It was easy to do and fun to create different animations. I had trouble uploading some images because I tried to make them larger. That is the only problem i experienced other than not being able to upload to google doc.
Early Civilizations
The document provides an overview of early civilizations that arose in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It describes the Sumerians as the first people to develop cities and writing (in the form of cuneiform) around 3500 BCE. It then discusses the subsequent Akkadian, Babylonian, Hittite, Assyrian, Chaldean, and Persian empires that arose and fell in Mesopotamia and the surrounding Fertile Crescent region over thousands of years. Key figures that united large parts of the region under their rule include Sargon of Akkad, Hammurabi of Babylon, and Cyrus and Darius of Persia.
The Art Of The Ancient Near East
The document provides an overview of ancient Sumerian art and civilization. It discusses how the Sumerians established the first cities in Mesopotamia along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers around 3200 BCE. They developed irrigation, writing, and many other innovations that defined early civilization. Sumerian art included monumental architecture like ziggurats, sculptures of gods and worshippers, and the Standard of Ur with intricate mosaic scenes of war and peace. However, the Sumerian civilization declined when they were conquered by the Akkadian Empire in 2350 BCE.
2. summerian civilization
The Sumerian civilization arose between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Mesopotamia around 3500 BCE. They developed irrigation systems to control seasonal floods and channel water to their crops, requiring cooperation and leading to the formation of cities. Sumerians were the first to develop writing, creating a cuneiform system by pressing symbols into clay tablets. They made advances in mathematics, architecture, calendar-keeping, and other areas, laying the foundations for later Mesopotamian civilizations like the Akkadians and Babylonians.
Mesopotamia
Catal Huyuk and Jericho were two of the earliest Neolithic cities in the region of Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Catal Huyuk, dating back to 8,000 BCE, was the oldest and largest city found from that period. Mesopotamia is considered the cradle of civilization as it was home to some of the earliest cities and civilizations, including the Sumerians who developed innovations in writing, mathematics, architecture, and more. Over thousands of years, different groups including the Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and Persians rose to power in Mesopotamia before falling to subsequent foreign invaders.
Asian Civilization
Asian civilizations embrace, learn from, and respect one another with the objective of common progress and prosperity, resulting in the flourishing of individual civilizations as well as the establishment of a "community with shared future for mankind" where countries come together and join.
Sumer
Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq, was the site of early civilization and the development of cities. Many city-states formed along the fertile rivers, engaging in agriculture, trade, and developing writing and other early innovations. However, conflicts between the city-states weakened them, allowing the Babylonians to eventually conquer the region in around 1759 BC, marking the decline of Sumerian civilization.
Sumer
Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq, was the site of early civilization and the development of cities. Many city-states formed along the fertile rivers, engaging in agriculture, trade, and developing writing and other early advances. However, conflicts between the city-states weakened them, allowing the Babylonians to eventually conquer the region in around 1759 BC, marking the decline of Sumerian civilization.
Sumerian Civilization
The Sumerians established one of the earliest known civilizations in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in the 5th millennium BCE. They developed cuneiform, one of the world's first systems of writing, leaving behind a written record of their achievements. The Sumerians lived in city-states like Ur and Uruk, centered around ziggurats and engaged in irrigation-based agriculture along the rivers. They established complex religious and legal systems and some of the first schools, leaving a lasting cultural legacy despite the original origins and language of the Sumerian people remaining unknown.
Mesopotamia: Cradle of History
The document summarizes the history and civilization of ancient Mesopotamia. It describes how the Sumerians were the first inhabitants of Mesopotamia, establishing independent city-states and inventing writing, the plow, wheel, and other early technologies. The Sumerians developed the world's first legal codes and made advances in astronomy, mathematics, and other fields. Later, the Akkadians and Babylonians ruled over Mesopotamia, continuing cultural and technological developments.
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia was the site of some of the earliest civilizations due to its fertile land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Natural levees along the rivers allowed for irrigation, farming, and the establishment of cities like Ur and Babylon. Sumerians developed systems of governance, religion, trade, mathematics, and the earliest form of writing called cuneiform to record their achievements, laying the foundations for later civilizations.
Mesopotamian civilization
We covered Origin,Geography and Timeline of Mesopotamia.There were many civilization in Mesopotamia but we only covered Sumerian Civilization because it had been told to us by our faculty.I hope you guys like this!
Sumer civilization (2)
The Sumerian civilization originated in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq around 5500 BC. Mesopotamia was a fertile region where many city-states developed, including Ur, Uruk, Eridu, Lagash and Kish. The Sumerians made advances in writing, mathematics, astronomy, agriculture and engineering, developing irrigation systems, the wheel, plow and the world's first codified legal and administrative systems. However, constant warfare between the independent city-states drained Sumer's strength and it was eventually conquered by the Babylonians in 1759 BC, marking the end of the Sumerian civilization.
Mesopotamian Civilization and Architecture
This lecture provides an overview of early Mesopotamian civilization between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It discusses the geography and climate of the region, known as the Fertile Crescent, which allowed for the development of irrigation-based agriculture and urban settlements. Sumerians were the first to settle the region around 5000 BC, developing dams, canals and cities like Uruk and Ur. Writing and other innovations emerged as cities grew in size and complexity between 3500-3000 BC. Social classes and kingship developed, with temples becoming important religious and administrative centers marked by ziggurats.
MESOPOTAMIA CIVILIZATION
The document provides information about the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia. It describes Mesopotamia as being located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and being home to the first major civilizations including Sumeria, Babylonia, and Assyria. It discusses aspects of their political, economic, and religious systems. Key inventions that originated in Mesopotamia included systems of writing, the wheel, advanced calendars and timekeeping, and the first codified legal system under Hammurabi. The document also profiles important Mesopotamian leaders like Sargon and Hammurabi and religious structures like Ziggurats.
Mesopotamia and ancient egypt
Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt were two of the earliest civilizations. Mesopotamia developed between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq, while ancient Egypt arose along the Nile River. Both civilizations had organized governments, religions, writing systems, and cities supported by irrigation and agriculture. Some of Mesopotamia's earliest cities included Sumerian city-states like Uruk, which invented writing and law codes. Egypt was unified by King Narmer around 3100 BC and was ruled by powerful pharaohs who were viewed as gods and controlled religious and economic life.
Mesopotamia and ancient egypt
Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt were two of the earliest civilizations. Mesopotamia developed between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq, while ancient Egypt arose along the Nile River. Both civilizations had organized governments, religions, writing systems, and cities supported by irrigation and agriculture. Some of Mesopotamia's earliest cities included Sumerian city-states like Uruk, which invented writing and law codes. Egypt was unified by King Narmer around 3100 BC and was ruled by powerful pharaohs who were viewed as gods and controlled religious and economic life.
What The Water Gave Us: Ancient Mesopotamia & The Invention Of Writing
The document provides an overview of ancient Sumerian civilization in Mesopotamia between 3200-2000 BC. It discusses the geography of the region known as the Fertile Crescent, the emergence of the first Sumerian cities, and factors that contributed to Sumer being the first civilization, including the development of writing, irrigation, specialized labor, social institutions, and surplus agriculture. It also describes Sumerian religious beliefs, social hierarchy, innovations like the wheel and plow, and the development of cuneiform writing on clay tablets to record economic transactions and cultural knowledge. Scribes played a key role in Sumerian society by maintaining written records and transmitting literacy through schools.
An Mesopotamia civilization
The document provides an overview of the Mesopotamian civilization between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It discusses the early Sumerian cities like Ur and Akkad, the development of writing and the wheel, as well as later empires like Babylonia and Assyria. Important leaders are mentioned, such as Sargon of Akkad, Hammurabi of Babylon, and Ashurbanipal of Assyria. Details are also given about the religion, culture, and daily life of ancient Mesopotamians.
MAKING AND UNMAKING OF MESOPOTAMIA (1).pptx
Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern Iraq. Several civilizations arose and fell in this region from around 3500 BC to 600 BC, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. Urbanization began around 4000 BC with the establishment of the first cities like Ur and Mari. Writing developed around 3200 BC using wedge-shaped symbols imprinted on clay tablets, which were used to keep records as economies became more complex. Temples served important religious and economic roles, organizing production and record keeping. Life in cities revolved around the home and narrow streets, with drainage systems and superstitious beliefs about house layouts. Mes
Similar to Chapter 2 Section 3 Notes (20)
What The Water Gave Us: Ancient Mesopotamia & The Invention Of Writing
What The Water Gave Us: Ancient Mesopotamia & The Invention Of Writing
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Chapter 9 Section 5 Notes
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Chapter 9 Section 4 Notes
The document summarizes education and daily life in medieval universities. It notes that the first universities were founded in Salerno, Bologna, Paris, and London to educate the sons of wealthy townspeople for careers in the church or government. A typical student's day involved waking before dawn for prayers and classes, eating a meal of beef and oats, more afternoon classes, and studying into the night. Seven core subjects were taught including arithmetic, astronomy, and logic. Women were largely excluded from university education during this time.
WH Chapter 9 Section 3 Notes
Several civilizations flourished outside of Europe in 1050, including Muslim empires, India, China, West Africa, and the Americas. The Crusades began in 1095 when Pope Urban II called for knights to help capture Jerusalem from the Turks and restore it to Christian control. The First Crusade succeeded in taking Jerusalem in 1099. The Crusades continued sporadically over 200 years and had mixed results, introducing European goods and expanding trade, but also increasing tensions between Christian groups and Muslims.
WH Chapter 9 Section 2 Notes
The Holy Roman Empire was established in 936 by Otto I, who took the title of King of Germany. He worked closely with the Catholic Church, appointing bishops to government positions and sending troops to help the Pope. Over time, conflicts emerged between Popes and Holy Roman Emperors over who had the authority to appoint bishops. This struggle came to a head in the late 11th century between Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV over lay investiture. Their feud intensified as they exchanged insults, culminating in Gregory excommunicating Henry in 1076. The struggle dragged on for decades until the Concordat of Worms in 1122 established that the Church had sole power over spiritual authority while the emperor retained control
WH Chapter 9 Section 1 Notes
Feudal monarchs in Europe had limited power due to their reliance on vassals for military support, while nobles and the Church often had as much or more authority. In England, William the Conqueror strengthened royal power after his victory at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, when he became the first Norman king. His successor, William II, had a census conducted in 1086 known as the Domesday Book, which helped him and later English rulers establish efficient tax collection. Under King Henry II in the 12th century, England developed a common law system and early jury trials. In France, the Capetian dynasty established strong centralized royal authority over three centuries starting with Hugh Capet in 987.
Chapter 8 Section 4 Notes
Europe's population doubled between 1000-1300 AD due to increased agricultural productivity. The development of tools like the iron plow, new crop rotation techniques, and windmills boosted food production. Towns grew as trade increased along routes bringing goods from Asia and the Middle East. Merchants were granted charters establishing towns as centers of trade with self-governance. A middle class emerged in towns as money replaced labor dues and guilds organized artisans.
Chapter 8 Section 3 Notes
During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church worked to spread Christianity across Europe. Pope Gregory sent Augustine to convert the Anglo-Saxons in England in 597. Local parish priests administered sacraments, preached, and offered guidance to villagers. Monasteries and convents provided services like hospitals, schools, and copying ancient texts to preserve knowledge. The Church gained political power and influence over daily life through tithing, holidays, and canon law. Reformers like Francis of Assisi sought to return to a life of poverty and service to the poor.
WH Chapter 8 Section 2 Notes
In the face of invasions, kings were too weak to maintain order, leading to the rise of feudalism. Under feudalism, powerful lords divided their lands among lesser lords in exchange for loyalty and military service. Society was strictly organized with monarchs, lords, vassals, and peasants each having distinct roles. Peasants lived and worked on manors, performing labor in exchange for protection. Though their lives were difficult, peasants found community and celebration during religious festivals.
WH Chapter 8 Section 1 Notes
Around 600 AD, waves of invaders were sweeping across Europe, plunging the region into a period of decline known as the Middle Ages. During this time, Europe was a fragmented collection of small kingdoms. One of the most powerful to emerge was the Frankish kingdom, established by Clovis in the 5th century. In the 800s, Charlemagne united much of Western Europe under the Carolingian Empire and revived classical learning, but the empire fragmented after his death. Europe was later invaded by Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims, threatening the survival of fledgling states.
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WH Chapter 7 Aztecs
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WH Chapter 7 Olmecs and Mayas
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WH Chapter 7 Intro
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Section 5 notes
Roman historian Marcellinus witnessed declining values and moral decay in Roman society. The end of Roman greatness did not occur overnight, as decay had set in centuries before the final fall. A complex combination of problems over many years, including military, political, economic and social issues, ultimately led to the decline and fall of the western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.
WH Chapter 6 Section 4 Notes
Christianity originated in the Roman Empire and gradually became the dominant religion. It began spreading rapidly in the 1st century AD and was eventually adopted as the official religion of the Roman Empire in 395 AD. As the Roman Empire fell, the Christian church took on many of its roles and became the central institution of Western civilization for the next 1,000 years.
WH Chapter 6 Section 3 Notes
The document summarizes key aspects of Greco-Roman civilization, including how the Romans adapted Greek achievements in art, literature, philosophy and architecture to develop their own styles. It also discusses major Roman figures like Virgil, who wrote the Aeneid to link Rome's origins to Homer's works, and Roman innovations in engineering, law, and other fields that formed the foundations of Western civilization.
WH Chapter 6 Section 2 Notes
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WH Chapter 6 Section 1 Notes
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Chapter 2 Section 3 Notes
- 2. Fertile Crescent---arc of land that curves from the Persian Gulf to the eastern Mediterranean coast Named because of the dark, rich soils Mesopotamia---means “between the rivers”---Tigris and Euphrates Sumer was located in the Fertile Crescent between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
- 4. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers frequently rose in terrifying floods that washed away topsoil and destroyed mud-brick villages Epic of Gilgamesh---Sumerian poem that tells of a great flood that destroys the world Archaeologists found evidence that a catastrophic flood devastated the Fertile Crescent about 4,900 years ago
- 5. Around 3200BC, the first Sumerian cities emerged in the southern part of Mesopotamia The Sumerians had few natural resources and lacked building materials such as timber and stone Sumerians built their houses out of earth and water They made bricks of clay, shaped in wooden molds and dried in the sun The Sumerians made the first wheeled vehicles!!!
- 8. Each Sumerian city-state had a distinct social hierarchy 1. Ruling family and priests; 2. lesser priests and scribes---merchants and artisans; 3. peasant farmers; 4. slaves
- 9. The Sumerians had polytheistic religious beliefs The Sumerian gods were thought to control every aspect of life, especially the forces of nature Each city had a ziggurat---a pyramid- temple where they worshipped their gods
- 11. Like the Egyptians, the Sumerians believed in an afterlife However, they saw the underworld as a grim place from which there was no release Differences in geography may explain this The floods of the Tigris and Euphrates were less regular and more destructive than those of the Nile. As a result, Sumerians may have developed a pessimistic view of the world.
- 12. By 3200BC, the Sumerians have invented what may be the earliest known form of writing Cuneiform---used a reed pen to make wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets Advances in mathematics---basic algebra and geometry, divided their hour into 60 minutes, divided their circle into 360