Austen Layard dug up statues in Iraq from the Assyrian civilization that were 3,000 years old, showing how geography studies people and their environments. There are five themes of geography: location, place, movement, region, and human-environment interaction. Location describes where a place is, using latitude and longitude. Place examines physical features like landforms and human characteristics like economic activities. People have interacted with their environment throughout history by using resources. Movement of people has occurred as they followed animals, migrated to cities, and traded between places as settlers. Regions can be defined by location or shared political, economic, or cultural characteristics.

1. CHAPTER 1
Section 1

2. UNDERSTANDING OUR PAST
 Austen Layard dug up statues in Iraq in 1845
that were from the Assyrian civilization---
statues that were 3,000 years old
 Geography---the study of people, their
environments, and their available resources
 Five important themes sum up the impact of
geography on the human story---location,
place, movement, region, and human-
environment interaction

3. LOCATION
 Location tells us where a place is on the
Earth’s surface
 Latitude---measures distances north or south
of the Equator
 Longitude---measures distances east or west
of the Prime Meridian

4. LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE

5. PLACE
 Geographers describe places in terms of
their physical features and human
characteristics
 Physical features of a place can include:
landforms, bodies of water, climate, soil
quality, resources, and plant and animal life
 Human characteristics include: where most
people live, economic activities, religious
beliefs, and languages

6. HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION
 People interact with the environment
(Common Sense!!!)
 Examples---using river water to irrigate
crops, cutting down trees for farmland,
canals and roads

7. MOVEMENT
 In early times, people followed herds of
animals on which they depended on for food
 In more recent times, people have migrated
from rural areas into cities in search of jobs
 In both ancient times and today, traders carry
goods from one part of the Earth to the other
and people such as settlers carry ideas

8. REGION
 Geographers divide the world into many
types of regions
 Regions can be defined based on location
(the Middle East),or by political, economic, or
cultural features

9. PREHISTORY
 Prehistory is the period of time before writing
(think about it logically---without writing
anything down there was no records of
anything humans did before they learned to
write)
 Prehistoric people DID NOT HAVE: cities,
countries, governments, or complex
inventions

10. ANTHROPOLOGY AND CULTURE
 Anthropology---the study of the origins and
development of people and their societies
 Culture---the way of life of a society handed
down from generation to generation

11. ARCHAEOLOGY
 Archaeology---the study of past people and
cultures

12. TECHNOLOGY
 Technology---the skills and tools used to
meet basic needs

13. EXAMPLES OF SCIENTISTS WHO HELP OUT
ARCHAEOLOGISTS
 Geologists, botanists, zoologists, biologists,
chemists, climate experts

14. HISTORIANS
 Historians---study how people lived in the
past
 What historians do you know?