The document defines various key terms related to early human history and the development of civilization. It includes definitions for artifacts, civilization, Hammurabi's Code, culture, cuneiform, domestication, dynasty, anthropology, period, hieroglyphics, monarchy, monotheism, chronology, sovereignty, polytheism, pyramids, Paleolithic era, theocracy, ziggurat, Yellow River, Indus River, Neolithic Revolution, Nile River, Old Stone Age, Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, archaeologist, paleontologist, geologist, historian, hunter-gatherer, nomadic, pharaohs, Sumerians.