SEO is the process of optimizing web pages to rank higher in search engine results. The goal is to achieve higher page rankings by implementing basic, core, and supplementary SEO activities. Basic activities include designing web pages with proper HTML tags and studying how search engines work. Core activities involve competitor analysis, keyword research, optimizing content and links, and measuring success. Supplementary activities include banner and link exchanges. Proper SEO requires hard work, patience, and an ongoing learning process.