Scabies is a contagious skin disease caused by tiny mites called Sarcoptes Scabiei. It is transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact or contact with infected clothing or bedding. Symptoms include a pimple-like rash that usually appears between fingers, wrists, breasts, genitals, buttocks, and ankles. Diagnosis involves identifying mites, eggs or feces under microscopy of skin scrapings. Treatment involves applying a scabicide cream or lotion like permethrin or ivermectin all over the body from the neck down and washing all clothing and bedding. Prevention requires observing new residents for rashes and maintaining vigilance for und
Scabies
Causative organism: Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis (Itch mite).
Highly contagious disease
spreads in households and environments where there is intimate personal contact
Transmitted through infected clothes, linens and sexual contacts.
PATHOGENESIS
CLASSIFICATION
Classical
Nodular scabies
Crusted (Norwegian) scabies
Bullous scabies
PREDISPOSING FACTORS
Lack of hygiene
Low socioeconomic conditions
Close physical contacts
Immunocompromisation
Vagabond
Old age
Hospital stay
Down syndrome, Organ transplant, Leukemia, AIDS patients
CLINICAL FEATURES
Pathognomonic lesion:
Burrow which is slightly elevated, greyish and tortuous lines. Vesicle or pustule containing the mite may be found found at the end of the burrow
(Definition: a linear or curvilinear papule, caused by a burrowing scabies mite)
Papules, excoriations, bulla, crust and lichenification occurs.
Pruritus is prominent symptom which is severe and usually more intense in the night.
Even after successful treatment, itch can continue and occasionally nodular lesions persist.
SITES
Finger webs
Wrists
Axilla
Nipple and Areola
Umbilicus
Lower abdomen
Genitalia
Buttock
Scrotum and penis
Face and scalp in infant
Around and underneath nails
Involvement of the genitals in males and of the nipples in females are pathognomic.
COMPLICATIONS
Local:
Secondary bacterial infections – impetigo, folliculitis, furunculosis.
Eczematization
systemic: acute glomerulonephritis
INVESTIAGATIONS
The diagnosis is made by identifying the scabietic burrow and visualizing the mite (by extracting with a needle under microscope or using a dermatoscope).
Burrow is detected with gentian violet and then the organism is isolated with needle or scalpel and visualized under microscope.
TREATMENT
General measures
Counselling and reassurance
Maintenance of personal hygiene
Treatment of family members and close contacts at a time.
Washing of clothes and beddings.
Specific measures
Topical therapy
1.5% permethrin cream – 2 applications 1 week apart., Apply all over the body (except head and face in adults) and keep it for 8 to 12 hours. Then wash off .
All family members and physical contacts need to apply in the same way at same time.
2.25% Benzyl benzoate
3.Crotamiton 10% cream
4.10% precipitated sulphur
5.Malathion
6.Lindane
7.Monosulfirum
Systemic therapy
Ivermectin: single dose in case of severe infestation and in immunosuppressed patients.
Scabies
Causative organism: Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis (Itch mite).
Highly contagious disease
spreads in households and environments where there is intimate personal contact
Transmitted through infected clothes, linens and sexual contacts.
PATHOGENESIS
CLASSIFICATION
Classical
Nodular scabies
Crusted (Norwegian) scabies
Bullous scabies
PREDISPOSING FACTORS
Lack of hygiene
Low socioeconomic conditions
Close physical contacts
Immunocompromisation
Vagabond
Old age
Hospital stay
Down syndrome, Organ transplant, Leukemia, AIDS patients
CLINICAL FEATURES
Pathognomonic lesion:
Burrow which is slightly elevated, greyish and tortuous lines. Vesicle or pustule containing the mite may be found found at the end of the burrow
(Definition: a linear or curvilinear papule, caused by a burrowing scabies mite)
Papules, excoriations, bulla, crust and lichenification occurs.
Pruritus is prominent symptom which is severe and usually more intense in the night.
Even after successful treatment, itch can continue and occasionally nodular lesions persist.
SITES
Finger webs
Wrists
Axilla
Nipple and Areola
Umbilicus
Lower abdomen
Genitalia
Buttock
Scrotum and penis
Face and scalp in infant
Around and underneath nails
Involvement of the genitals in males and of the nipples in females are pathognomic.
COMPLICATIONS
Local:
Secondary bacterial infections – impetigo, folliculitis, furunculosis.
Eczematization
systemic: acute glomerulonephritis
INVESTIAGATIONS
The diagnosis is made by identifying the scabietic burrow and visualizing the mite (by extracting with a needle under microscope or using a dermatoscope).
Burrow is detected with gentian violet and then the organism is isolated with needle or scalpel and visualized under microscope.
TREATMENT
General measures
Counselling and reassurance
Maintenance of personal hygiene
Treatment of family members and close contacts at a time.
Washing of clothes and beddings.
Specific measures
Topical therapy
1.5% permethrin cream – 2 applications 1 week apart., Apply all over the body (except head and face in adults) and keep it for 8 to 12 hours. Then wash off .
All family members and physical contacts need to apply in the same way at same time.
2.25% Benzyl benzoate
3.Crotamiton 10% cream
4.10% precipitated sulphur
5.Malathion
6.Lindane
7.Monosulfirum
Systemic therapy
Ivermectin: single dose in case of severe infestation and in immunosuppressed patients.
Pediculosis capitis
Pediculosis corporis
Pediculosis pubis
Three types of lice:
Head lice: Pediculus humanus capitis (2-3 mm long)
Body lice: Pediculus humanus humanus (2.3-3.6 mm long)
Pubic lice (crabs): Phthirus pubis (1.1-1.8 mm long)
Sites of predilection
Head lice nearly always confined to scalp, especially occipital and postauricular regions.
Rarely, head lice infest beard or other hairy sites. Although more common with crab lice, head lice can also infest the eyelashes ( pediculosis palpebrarum ).
Rosacea is a chronic (long-term) disease
that affects the skin and sometimes the eyes. The disorder is characterized by
redness, pimples, and, in advanced stages, thickened skin. Rosacea usually
affects the face. Skin on other parts of the upper body is only rarely
involved.
#Rubella #German measles
Rubella is also known as German measles because the disease was first described by German physicians, Friedrich Hoffmann, in the mid-eighteenth century.
A short guide to scabies treatment 2016Mike Chapman
Scabies is caused by infestation of the tiny burrowing mite called Sarcoptes scabiei. They enter your skin, form burrows and leads to intense itching. Moreover, the urge to scratch turns stronger at night. It is highly contagious and can spreads easily through close physical contact. Regardless of age, gender and race, it can happen to anyone.
However, it can be treated by right medication. A number of natural, homeopathic and several other medicines are available, which are capable of curing this itchy skin disorder
Pediculosis capitis
Pediculosis corporis
Pediculosis pubis
Three types of lice:
Head lice: Pediculus humanus capitis (2-3 mm long)
Body lice: Pediculus humanus humanus (2.3-3.6 mm long)
Pubic lice (crabs): Phthirus pubis (1.1-1.8 mm long)
Sites of predilection
Head lice nearly always confined to scalp, especially occipital and postauricular regions.
Rarely, head lice infest beard or other hairy sites. Although more common with crab lice, head lice can also infest the eyelashes ( pediculosis palpebrarum ).
Rosacea is a chronic (long-term) disease
that affects the skin and sometimes the eyes. The disorder is characterized by
redness, pimples, and, in advanced stages, thickened skin. Rosacea usually
affects the face. Skin on other parts of the upper body is only rarely
involved.
#Rubella #German measles
Rubella is also known as German measles because the disease was first described by German physicians, Friedrich Hoffmann, in the mid-eighteenth century.
A short guide to scabies treatment 2016Mike Chapman
Scabies is caused by infestation of the tiny burrowing mite called Sarcoptes scabiei. They enter your skin, form burrows and leads to intense itching. Moreover, the urge to scratch turns stronger at night. It is highly contagious and can spreads easily through close physical contact. Regardless of age, gender and race, it can happen to anyone.
However, it can be treated by right medication. A number of natural, homeopathic and several other medicines are available, which are capable of curing this itchy skin disorder
The head louse, or Pediculus humanus capitis, is a parasitic insect that can be found on the head, eyebrows, and eyelashes of people. Head lice feed on human blood several time a day and live close to the human scalp. Head lice are not known to spread disease.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:
This presentation includes all all Data related to scabies and pediculosis and will helpful who want to study about scabies and pediculosis and their respective types. One thing was kept in mind while making this presentation that all area regarding topic should cover
Cutaneous anthrax is the most common form of anthrax infection, and it is also considered to be the least dangerous. Infection usually develops from 1 to 7 days after exposure.
When anthrax spores get into the skin, usually through a cut or scrape, a person can develop cutaneous anthrax.
This is an overview about parasites infest or affect the human eyes & principles of the diseases thay cause
A medical-student-made presentation for Ain Shams University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Parasitology
Hope it help you
this presentation show information about skin disease as scabies , impetigo ,small pox ,-pityriasis versicolor and anthrax with discuss their diagnosis ,treatment and other.
a lot in information in simple way.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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2. WHAT IS SCABIES?
It is Contagious Skin Disease Caused by Tiny Mites
Called Sarcoptes Scabiei
Originally, Scabies was a term used by the Roman
physician Celsus to denote any pruritic skin disease
In the 17th century, Giovanni Cosimo Bonomo
identified the mite as one cause of scabies.
4. HOW IS SCABIES TRANSMITTED?
Skin contact with infected person.
Infected persons who have no itching can pass the mite
on to others
Scabies is also transmitted via clothing or bedding
(the usual wash cycle can be used when these items are
laundered)
5.
6. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
SCABIES RASH
Classical sites of scabies rash...
Between fingers
Wrists
Auxiliary areas
Female breasts (particularly the skin of
the nipples)
The umbilical area
Penis and scrotum
Buttocks
Inside of legs
Ankles
7.
8.
9. DIAGNOSIS
Definite Diagnosis - A definite diagnosis is made by
taking skin scrapings from burrows and identifying the
mites, their eggs or faeces by microscopy
Presumptive Diagnosis - It is often difficult to find
burrows and obtain suitable specimens, therefore
presumptive diagnosis relies on history and clinical
appearance
10. SCABIES TREATMENT
SCABICIDES
Use a Scabicide for the treatment of Scabies
Dr . Scabies - Natural homeopathic remedy
Ivermectin (Stromectol)
Permethrin (Elimite) -- In 5% cream.
12. Dr. Scabies - Dr. Scabies® treatment is the most recommended
FDA-registered natural homeopathic remedy (OTC - over the
counter) that has gone through series of laboratory testing to
fight against scabies infections.
Ivermectin (Mectizan, Stromectol) -- Binds selectively with
glutamate-gated chloride ion channels in invertebrate nerve and
muscle cells, causing cell death.
SCABIES TREATMENT
APPLICATION OF LOTION OR CREAM
13. OUTBREAKS
PREVENTION
Promote good surveillance of new residents
Observe for rashes on arrival at the home, then at
3 weeks and at 6 weeks
Maintain a high level of suspicion if patients present with
undiagnosed skin rashes
Families are treated all at the same time.
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14. In Case of Severe itching, and intense rashes please
discuss with your Dermatologist to get effect solutions
PPT Presented by: Dr. Scabies
http://www.drscabies.com/
Note
Editor's Notes
Notes to trainer on this presentation
Recommendations for Standard Precautions are intended primarily for the care of patients in acute hospitals. However, the principles should be applied in other settings where patient care is undertaken.
Some healthcare workers still have knowledge gaps and a lack of understanding of certain practices and their effectiveness in reducing the transmission of infections between people. Current practice relies upon risk assessment, where potential risks can be removed, reduced or managed.
Historically, infection control has been perceived as a hospital problem, with community issues seen as less significant. Today, as more patients receive their healthcare in community settings (outside of the acute hospitals) infection prevention and control has become relevant to all clinical staff wherever they may practice.
This presentation provides healthcare workers with an introduction to the principles and practice of Standard Precautions.