The document discusses probability theory and its applications. It begins with everyday examples of probability, then describes the origins of probability theory through the correspondence of Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat. It defines key probability concepts and terms. It provides examples of calculating probabilities of events, including conditional probabilities and combined events. It discusses using relative frequency to estimate probabilities experimentally. Careers that apply probability theory are also listed.
PROBABILITY FOR MIDDLE SCHOOL
Topics :
• The probability that an outcome does not happen
• Equally likely outcomes
• Listing all possible outcomes
• Experimental and theoretical probabilities
//&//
PROBABILITY FOR MIDDLE SCHOOL
Topics :
• The probability that an outcome does not happen
• Equally likely outcomes
• Listing all possible outcomes
• Experimental and theoretical probabilities
//&//
It gives detail description about probability, types of probability, difference between mutually exclusive events and independent events, difference between conditional and unconditional probability and Bayes' theorem
Some Basic concepts of Probability along with advanced concepts on Medical probability & Probability in Gambling. A lot of Sample Questions and Practice Questions will help you understand and apply the concepts in real life.
Basic probability Concepts and its application By Khubaib Razakhubiab raza
introduction of probability probability defination and its properties after that difference between probability and permutation in the last Discuss about imporatnace of Probabilty in Computer Science
3 PROBABILITY TOPICSFigure 3.1 Meteor showers are rare, .docxtamicawaysmith
3 | PROBABILITY TOPICS
Figure 3.1 Meteor showers are rare, but the probability of them occurring can be calculated. (credit: Navicore/flickr)
Introduction
Chapter Objectives
By the end of this chapter, the student should be able to:
• Understand and use the terminology of probability.
• Determine whether two events are mutually exclusive and whether two events are independent.
• Calculate probabilities using the Addition Rules and Multiplication Rules.
• Construct and interpret Contingency Tables.
• Construct and interpret Venn Diagrams.
• Construct and interpret Tree Diagrams.
It is often necessary to "guess" about the outcome of an event in order to make a decision. Politicians study polls to guess
their likelihood of winning an election. Teachers choose a particular course of study based on what they think students can
comprehend. Doctors choose the treatments needed for various diseases based on their assessment of likely results. You
may have visited a casino where people play games chosen because of the belief that the likelihood of winning is good. You
may have chosen your course of study based on the probable availability of jobs.
You have, more than likely, used probability. In fact, you probably have an intuitive sense of probability. Probability deals
with the chance of an event occurring. Whenever you weigh the odds of whether or not to do your homework or to study
for an exam, you are using probability. In this chapter, you will learn how to solve probability problems using a systematic
approach.
Your instructor will survey your class. Count the number of students in the class today.
• Raise your hand if you have any change in your pocket or purse. Record the number of raised hands.
CHAPTER 3 | PROBABILITY TOPICS 163
• Raise your hand if you rode a bus within the past month. Record the number of raised hands.
• Raise your hand if you answered "yes" to BOTH of the first two questions. Record the number of raised hands.
Use the class data as estimates of the following probabilities. P(change) means the probability that a randomly chosen
person in your class has change in his/her pocket or purse. P(bus) means the probability that a randomly chosen person
in your class rode a bus within the last month and so on. Discuss your answers.
• Find P(change).
• Find P(bus).
• Find P(change AND bus). Find the probability that a randomly chosen student in your class has change in his/her
pocket or purse and rode a bus within the last month.
• Find P(change|bus). Find the probability that a randomly chosen student has change given that he or she rode a
bus within the last month. Count all the students that rode a bus. From the group of students who rode a bus,
count those who have change. The probability is equal to those who have change and rode a bus divided by those
who rode a bus.
3.1 | Terminology
Probability is a measure that is associated with how certain we are of outcomes of a particular experiment or activity.
An e ...
9. Terms Defintion Example An EXPERIMENT is a situation involving chance or probability that leads to results called outcomes. What color would we land on? A TRIAL is the act of doing an experiment in P! Spinning the spinner. The set or list of all possible outcomes in a trial is called the SAMPLE SPACE. Possible outcomes are Green, Blue, Red and Yellow. An OUTCOME is one of the possible results of a trial. Green. An EVENT is the occurence of one or more specific outcomes One event in this experiment is landing on blue.
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12. Want to have a guess? 0 1 0.5 A B C D E 5 EVENTS (A,B,C,D AND E ) ARE SHOWN ON A P! SCALE. COPY AND COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE: Probability Event Fifty-fifty C Certain Very unlikely Impossible Very likely
13. Back to the Spinner AFTER SPINNING THE SPINNER, WHAT IS THE PROBABILITY OF LANDING ON EACH COLOR? RED? BLUE? GREEN? ORANGE? 1/4!!!
14. In order to measure the P! of an event mathematicians have developed a method to do this!
15. Probability of an Event THE P! OF AN EVEN A OCCURING P(A) = THE NUMBER OF WAYS EVENT A CAN OCCUR THE TOTAL NUMBER OF POSSIBLE OUTSOMES
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