This document provides guidelines for developing effective survey and research questions. It discusses important considerations for question format, question design, pre-testing questions, minimizing bias, and standardized administration. The goal is to gather accurate information from respondents without error or influence. Both open-ended and closed-ended question types are covered, along with response formats like Likert scales. Common pitfalls to avoid like double-barreled or leading questions are also outlined. Proper formatting and layout of the survey instrument is recommended.

3. List of a research or survey questions asked
to respondents, and designed to extract
specific information.

4.  (1) collect the appropriate data.
 (2) make data comparable and amenable to
analysis.
 (3) minimize bias in formulating and asking
question.
 (4) to make questions engaging and varied.

5.  Define the topics with details of
information needed to answer research
question
 Prepare a list of variables
 Think ahead about analyzing the
information and statistics to be used.
 Prepare first draft
 Revise. Change technical terms. Use short
sentences.

6.  Pre-test to find out how respondents
understand the questions
 Further sorting out of words and phrases.
 If possible, do a large pre-test.
 Administer the questionnaire

7.  Type of response format has implication for
analysis
 Closed questions offer respondents a number
of defined response choices
 Open-ended questions allow respondents
freedom to respond in their own way.

8. 1. Open-ended – Questions in which the
respondent answers in his own words
2. Closed-ended (or Fixed Alternative) –
Question in which respondent selects
one or more options from pre-
determined set of responses
 Simple dichotomy  Closed ended question
with only two response alternatives
 Multiple Choice  Closed ended question
with more than two response alternatives

9.  There are two possible formats:
 The Likert Type ( 7- points format): Strongly
agree; agree; undecided; disagree; strongly
disagree.
 Forced Choice (4 - points format): Strongly
agree; agree; disagree; strongly disagree.

10.  Long complex questions
 Double-barreled questions
 Leading questions
 Double negatives
 Jargon or abbreviations
 Words with double meanings
 Emotionally slanted questions

11.  Objective is to gather information without
error or bias
 Have standardized interview procedure from
one subject to another
 Probing procedure should be uniform

12.  Interviewers should have prior training for a
uniform approach
 Gestures and body language should be given
particular attention

13. • Keep questionnaire short if possible, but not
too short that you sacrifice needed
information
• Do not over crowd questionnaire
• Provide decent margin space
• Use multiple- grid layout for questions with
similar responses
• Use good quality print paper.

14. • Use booklet form if possible
• Carefully craft the questionnaire title:
1. Captures respondent’s interest.
2. Shows importance of the study.
3. Shows interesting nature of the study.

15.  Sunil malhotra,computer application in
business.kalyani publishers,2012
 Anita goel,computer fundamentals, Pearson
publications,2012
 www.wikiepedia.com