This document discusses research by Mark Jacobson and Mark Delucchi on transitioning energy systems to 100% wind, water, and solar (WWS) power. It summarizes their studies analyzing pathways to transition the United States, individual states like California, and the entire world to 100% renewable energy systems by 2050. Their research finds that this can be accomplished cost-effectively while reducing air pollution and related health impacts and costs. Specific generation mixes are proposed for different locations based on available wind, solar, hydro, and other renewable resources in each area.
Sustainable Computing and Telecom Can Contribute to Limiting Global Climatic ...Larry Smarr
10.07.28
Invited Seminar
AT&T Shannon Labs
Title: Sustainable Computing and Telecom Can Contribute to Limiting Global Climatic Disruption
Florham Park, NJ
L. Hunter Lovins at the Iowa Environmental Council's annual conferenceiaenvironment
L. Hunter Lovins delivered the keynote address at the Iowa Environmental Council's annual conference, "Finding Iowa's Way: Economic Solutions for a Healthier Environment," held October 4, 2012, in Des Moines.
Looking ahead to the big environmental and sustainability stories for 2012. Topics include: What does the U.S. presidential election mean for key environmental issues, including the future of the EPA? What will be the key drivers for renewable energy in 2012? What does China’s upcoming leadership transition mean? How will the expanding global population impact scarce natural resources, including forests? What will happen at the 2012 Earth Summit in Rio?
Dal mgmt1702 ecosystem goods and services presentation 21 janaury 2016Gord Helm
Global costs, environmental, climate change, social and economic , of landfilling resources rather than using them for clean renewable energy needs to be revisited. It may initially cost on changing mindset and infrastructure, but it is the ethical leadership decision to make for the benefit and good of our communities, environments and fiscally straining service program budgets.
Future of energy - Insights from Discussions Building on an Initial Perspecti...Future Agenda
Insights from Discussions Building on an Initial Perspective by An initial perspective on the future of energy by Jeremy Bentham, VP Global Business Environment at Shell. This includes insights from an event with The Climate Group and builds on the starting point for the global future agenda discussions taking place through 2015 as part of the the futureagenda2.0 programme. www.futureagenda.org
Connected and Sustainable Energy WhitepaperShane Mitchell
Cities around the world are realizing that energy consumed by buildings and homes is the leading cause of global-warming emissions. This paper presents an overview of emerging solutions for city leaders to reduce electricity consumption, produce greener energy with lower carbon emissions, and improve the reliability of the electric grid.
Sustainable Computing and Telecom Can Contribute to Limiting Global Climatic ...Larry Smarr
10.07.28
Invited Seminar
AT&T Shannon Labs
Title: Sustainable Computing and Telecom Can Contribute to Limiting Global Climatic Disruption
Florham Park, NJ
L. Hunter Lovins at the Iowa Environmental Council's annual conferenceiaenvironment
L. Hunter Lovins delivered the keynote address at the Iowa Environmental Council's annual conference, "Finding Iowa's Way: Economic Solutions for a Healthier Environment," held October 4, 2012, in Des Moines.
Looking ahead to the big environmental and sustainability stories for 2012. Topics include: What does the U.S. presidential election mean for key environmental issues, including the future of the EPA? What will be the key drivers for renewable energy in 2012? What does China’s upcoming leadership transition mean? How will the expanding global population impact scarce natural resources, including forests? What will happen at the 2012 Earth Summit in Rio?
Dal mgmt1702 ecosystem goods and services presentation 21 janaury 2016Gord Helm
Global costs, environmental, climate change, social and economic , of landfilling resources rather than using them for clean renewable energy needs to be revisited. It may initially cost on changing mindset and infrastructure, but it is the ethical leadership decision to make for the benefit and good of our communities, environments and fiscally straining service program budgets.
Future of energy - Insights from Discussions Building on an Initial Perspecti...Future Agenda
Insights from Discussions Building on an Initial Perspective by An initial perspective on the future of energy by Jeremy Bentham, VP Global Business Environment at Shell. This includes insights from an event with The Climate Group and builds on the starting point for the global future agenda discussions taking place through 2015 as part of the the futureagenda2.0 programme. www.futureagenda.org
Connected and Sustainable Energy WhitepaperShane Mitchell
Cities around the world are realizing that energy consumed by buildings and homes is the leading cause of global-warming emissions. This paper presents an overview of emerging solutions for city leaders to reduce electricity consumption, produce greener energy with lower carbon emissions, and improve the reliability of the electric grid.
Presentation by WRI President and CEO Andrew Steer WRI/Resources and Rights Initiative (RRI) release of the report "Securing Rights, Combating Climate Change: How Strengthening Community Forest Rights Mitigates Climate Change" at NPR in Washington, DC on July 24, 2014.
Keynote speech at the Global Parternship Workshop: Research in Sustainable Community Development. 13-14 April University of Pittsburgh, USA. (powerpoint presentation)
Highlights of Thomas Friedman's arguments in "Hot, Flat, and Crowded." Lecture prepared by Dr. LaRae Donnellan and shared with her students at Florida A&M University
What stories will impact people and the planet in 2015?
2015 will be a decisive year for major environmental and sustainability issues. On Thursday, January 8, Dr. Andrew Steer, WRI’s President & CEO, discussed the issues and stories that will shape the world in economics, business, natural resources, and the environment in 2015. Now in its 12th year, Stories to Watch is a go-to event for media, policymakers, business executives and consultants. Find out more at http://www.wri.org/stw15
My presentation to the World Nuclear Association Symposium 2015. In this presentation I discussed updated findings of my review of 100 % renewable energy system literature.
A Geological Perspective On Global WarmingPaul Schumann
By Peter Rose
The relative contribution of Man's activities, as opposed to Nature's activities,,to the observed recent rises in Earth temperatures, is unresolved. In addition to the oft-noted inability of climate modeling to reproduce the documented recent past, a major shortcoming of contemporary climate studies is that they rest upon very short time spans, whereas climate change considered from a geological perspective encourages much less anxiety about the climate future of the world. If it turns out that most observed global warming is the result of natural causes, as seems increasingly likely, proposed voluntary economic initiatives by Western nations to limit CO2 emissions will constitute a serious and unnecessary economic wound, self-inflicted at the worst possible time. Sunspot cycles suggest that we are about to enter -- indeed may have already begun -- an extended period of global cooling. Recent unsavory revelations (“Climate Gate”) have cast doubt on thedependability of the science underpinning Anthropogenic Global Warming.
Peter R. Rose (BS, MA, PhD, Geology, University of Texas at Austin) is a certified petroleum geologist who was Staff Geologist with Shell Oil Company; Chief, Oil and Gas Branch of the U.S. Geological Survey; and Chief Geologist and Director of Frontier Exploration for Energy Reserves Group, Inc. (now BHP Petroleum (Americas), Inc.). In 1980, he established his own independent oil and gas consulting firm, Telegraph Exploration, Inc. His clients include most major U.S. companies and prominent independents as well as many international firms and state oil companies. Dr. Rose has explored for oil and gas in most North American geological provinces and has published and lectured widely on U.S. resource assessment, basin analysis, play development, prospect evaluation, and risk and uncertainty in exploration. He has taught extensively at the professional level and was a 1985/1986 AAPG Distinguished Lecturer.
Gretzky and the Carbon Puck: fighting carbon and climate changeSteve Aplin
In the early days of 2008, the "smart" money in big time investing was on mortgage-baked derivatives. In small-time investing, the "smart" money was in Bernie Madoff's funds. When both those markets blew up later that year, people wondered how the smart money was so dumb -- especially given that there was plenty of prior warning about mortgage-backed derivatives and Madoff.
Today, the "smart" money in environmental investing is on renewable energy -- wind and solar. This though there is plenty of proof that wind and solar cannot reduce carbon pollution.
In this provocative presentation, energy and environment expert Steve Aplin explains why the "smart" environment money today is as dumb as the "smart" money in 2008.
One of the most important resources of a nation is energy. The significance of
energy definitely cannot be overemphasized as it is immensely utilized in our everyday
activities as a very germane requirement for survival and robust lifestyle. The amount
of energy availability and its usage in a country measures the level of
industrialization. Several devices including machines, electronics, household
electrical appliances and other domestic equipment and machines, industrial
production and processing machines, streetlights for lighting, our vehicles all require
energy in various form be it solar, hydro-electric, biogas, gasoline, diesel and the
likes to function properly to optimum capacity. However, owing to the stupendous
hike in fuel price, increase in electricity charges and the desire to limit the use of
fossil fuels and reduce carbon emissions, there have been several human efforts on the
pursuit for alternate means of power. This study is aimed at analyzing the range of
renewable energy potentials in Nigeria, and how they can ultimately be used for
national development.
What stories will impact people and the planet in 2014? On 8 January 2014, Dr. Andrew Steer, WRI’s President & CEO, offered his perspectives on the major global developments in economics, business, natural resources and sustainability in the coming year. Find out more at http://www.wri.org/stw14
Investment on the global energy transition: a report from the front lines as ...Jeremy Leggett
A global energy transition is underway: a system change driven by exponential growth in clean-energy technologies. But there is an investment gap. Much will depend on closing it. What will happen next?
This presentation was the keynote for Business Green's 2019 Tech and Investment Forum.
Presentation by WRI President and CEO Andrew Steer WRI/Resources and Rights Initiative (RRI) release of the report "Securing Rights, Combating Climate Change: How Strengthening Community Forest Rights Mitigates Climate Change" at NPR in Washington, DC on July 24, 2014.
Keynote speech at the Global Parternship Workshop: Research in Sustainable Community Development. 13-14 April University of Pittsburgh, USA. (powerpoint presentation)
Highlights of Thomas Friedman's arguments in "Hot, Flat, and Crowded." Lecture prepared by Dr. LaRae Donnellan and shared with her students at Florida A&M University
What stories will impact people and the planet in 2015?
2015 will be a decisive year for major environmental and sustainability issues. On Thursday, January 8, Dr. Andrew Steer, WRI’s President & CEO, discussed the issues and stories that will shape the world in economics, business, natural resources, and the environment in 2015. Now in its 12th year, Stories to Watch is a go-to event for media, policymakers, business executives and consultants. Find out more at http://www.wri.org/stw15
My presentation to the World Nuclear Association Symposium 2015. In this presentation I discussed updated findings of my review of 100 % renewable energy system literature.
A Geological Perspective On Global WarmingPaul Schumann
By Peter Rose
The relative contribution of Man's activities, as opposed to Nature's activities,,to the observed recent rises in Earth temperatures, is unresolved. In addition to the oft-noted inability of climate modeling to reproduce the documented recent past, a major shortcoming of contemporary climate studies is that they rest upon very short time spans, whereas climate change considered from a geological perspective encourages much less anxiety about the climate future of the world. If it turns out that most observed global warming is the result of natural causes, as seems increasingly likely, proposed voluntary economic initiatives by Western nations to limit CO2 emissions will constitute a serious and unnecessary economic wound, self-inflicted at the worst possible time. Sunspot cycles suggest that we are about to enter -- indeed may have already begun -- an extended period of global cooling. Recent unsavory revelations (“Climate Gate”) have cast doubt on thedependability of the science underpinning Anthropogenic Global Warming.
Peter R. Rose (BS, MA, PhD, Geology, University of Texas at Austin) is a certified petroleum geologist who was Staff Geologist with Shell Oil Company; Chief, Oil and Gas Branch of the U.S. Geological Survey; and Chief Geologist and Director of Frontier Exploration for Energy Reserves Group, Inc. (now BHP Petroleum (Americas), Inc.). In 1980, he established his own independent oil and gas consulting firm, Telegraph Exploration, Inc. His clients include most major U.S. companies and prominent independents as well as many international firms and state oil companies. Dr. Rose has explored for oil and gas in most North American geological provinces and has published and lectured widely on U.S. resource assessment, basin analysis, play development, prospect evaluation, and risk and uncertainty in exploration. He has taught extensively at the professional level and was a 1985/1986 AAPG Distinguished Lecturer.
Gretzky and the Carbon Puck: fighting carbon and climate changeSteve Aplin
In the early days of 2008, the "smart" money in big time investing was on mortgage-baked derivatives. In small-time investing, the "smart" money was in Bernie Madoff's funds. When both those markets blew up later that year, people wondered how the smart money was so dumb -- especially given that there was plenty of prior warning about mortgage-backed derivatives and Madoff.
Today, the "smart" money in environmental investing is on renewable energy -- wind and solar. This though there is plenty of proof that wind and solar cannot reduce carbon pollution.
In this provocative presentation, energy and environment expert Steve Aplin explains why the "smart" environment money today is as dumb as the "smart" money in 2008.
One of the most important resources of a nation is energy. The significance of
energy definitely cannot be overemphasized as it is immensely utilized in our everyday
activities as a very germane requirement for survival and robust lifestyle. The amount
of energy availability and its usage in a country measures the level of
industrialization. Several devices including machines, electronics, household
electrical appliances and other domestic equipment and machines, industrial
production and processing machines, streetlights for lighting, our vehicles all require
energy in various form be it solar, hydro-electric, biogas, gasoline, diesel and the
likes to function properly to optimum capacity. However, owing to the stupendous
hike in fuel price, increase in electricity charges and the desire to limit the use of
fossil fuels and reduce carbon emissions, there have been several human efforts on the
pursuit for alternate means of power. This study is aimed at analyzing the range of
renewable energy potentials in Nigeria, and how they can ultimately be used for
national development.
What stories will impact people and the planet in 2014? On 8 January 2014, Dr. Andrew Steer, WRI’s President & CEO, offered his perspectives on the major global developments in economics, business, natural resources and sustainability in the coming year. Find out more at http://www.wri.org/stw14
Investment on the global energy transition: a report from the front lines as ...Jeremy Leggett
A global energy transition is underway: a system change driven by exponential growth in clean-energy technologies. But there is an investment gap. Much will depend on closing it. What will happen next?
This presentation was the keynote for Business Green's 2019 Tech and Investment Forum.
Policymakers around the globe have recognized the challenges of climate changes, even though 80% of energy supplies today is dependent on depleting non-renewable energy, globally (Wüstenhagen and Menichetti, 2012). However, fossil fuels and its efficiencies are very much dependent upon cutting–edge technologies and also maximizing the utilization of tertiary methods like enhanced oil recovery (EOR) utilizing CO2 that must provide comprehensive solutions to maximize its revenue and shareholder values going forward (Simkins and Simkins, 2013).
How will our children, grand children and great grand children be living? What policies, research and investments do they need us to make today to make their lives better tomorrow? A team of over 50 scientists and business analysts in CSIRO identified five megatrends, several megashocks and two scenarios for the next 20 years. A megatrend is a pattern of environmental, social and/or economic activity with profound implications for how we live. Megashocks are sudden, hard to predict, single events. Scenarios are a mix of science fiction and science fact and explore how the trends and shocks might play out into an uncertain future.
The world today has been witnessing phenomenal outgrowth in all fields during the past few decades. This augmentation has been largely stimulated by information and communication technologies (ICT). However, the inexorable evolution of technology and global economic development are being pursued at an ever-increasing societal cost with a snowballing potentially negative impact on the environment. Hence, one of the important challenges modern society faces is sustainability. This article attempts to explore the existing body of knowledge to provide a better understanding of the impact of ICT and digital revolutions on global carbon footprint and emissions. It also attempts to explore the presence of environmental sustainability initiatives in e-government programs worldwide. It presents some thoughts about how governments may address sustainability requirements in their e-government programs and enact responsible ICT-enabled transformation.
Technology and Policies are Available to Save Our Environment.Paul H. Carr
OUTLINE: POLICY INFLUENCERS
1. Wall Street Journal - Is climate science settled?
2. Peer-reviewed Climate Science Articles- 99% settled.
3. Forbes – Is carbon-free energy available?
4. Nashua Telegraph – What about China’s coal burning?
5. Risky Business Report - Economics of Global Warming. by Bloomberg, Paulsen, & Steyer
6. Pope Francis’ Moral Responsibility to bequeath a habitable planet to future generations
Better Growth, Better Climate: The New Climate Economy PresentationNew Climate Economy
The New Climate Economy is the flagship project of the Global Commission on the Economy and Climate, a group of 28 global leaders in government, business, and civil society. Our Better Growth, Better Climate report explores how governments can grow their economies while reducing the risk of dangerous climate change. We encourage you to explore these slides and use them as a resource for your own work on the transition to a low-carbon economy.
MGT 69021420Sun Power SimulationThis document is a quick.docxbuffydtesurina
MGT 690 2/14/20
Sun Power Simulation
This document is a quick starter guide to the interface and how you will run each of the unique “worlds” in this exercise. You will play in each world for 18 simulated years.
Starting
The Sun Power simulation can be accessed here: http://forio.com/simulation/mit-sloan-solar
Click “Play as part of a class”
For “Choose a Screen ID” enter your initials
For “Class code”, enter “MGT690_01”
Interface
The first page is the Dashboard where you can see high-level information about your own market share, solar panel price, cost, etc. and how that compares to all other solar. More detailed information is available through the panels on the left (some will not be populated with useful information until a few years into the simulation). There is a link to the case at the bottom of the screen.
Decisions
In this simulation, you have two choices: price of the module and investment in process improvement.
Pricing – You can either manually set a price, sell for a set percentage below the average of your competitors, or a percentage markup of your cost.
Process improvement – You set the percentage of revenues that will be invested in improving the efficiency of your solar panel manufacturing process.
Years to advance – Leave this at 1 year for the purpose of the class, you can set higher values if you wish to run the simulation on your own.
Once you have made a decision, press the “Advance” button to go to the next year. Do not press “Start Over” – it is best to learn from your mistakes as they happen.
Exercise Timeline
Begin with MGT690_01, once you finish the 18 year simulation, record your performance (press the “Copy to Clipboard” Option above the dashboard table to save your data). Consider the questions.
After the discussion, press “Logout” in the top right, press “Play as part of a Class”, enter the same ID, and then enter the class code MGT690_02. Answer the questions on the following page after finishing.
If you want to play around with different settings, you can click “Play as an individual” and select “Settings”.
World 1 (MGT690_01):
1. What strategy did you use? Was it effective?
2. What were your outcomes? Percentage of market share and cumulative profit?
3. What happened in the world? How did you react to it?
World 2 (MGT690_02):
1. What felt different about this world?
2. What were your outcomes? Percentage of market share and cumulative profit?
3. What happened in the world? How did you react to it?
Immediate Purpose:
Long Range Goal:
Introduction:
I. Attention Getting Material
II. Establish Listener Relevance
III. State your ethos
IV. State the thesis
V. Preview the body
(Transition to the body)
I. Main Point
A. Sub point
1. Sub subpoint
2. Sub subpoint
3. Sub subpoint
B. Subpoint
C. Subpoint
(Transition)
II. Main Point
A. Subpoint
B. Subpoint
C. Subpoint
1. Sub subpoint
2. Sub subpoint
(Transition)
III. Main Point
A.
MGT 69021420Sun Power SimulationThis document is a quick.docxjessiehampson
MGT 690 2/14/20
Sun Power Simulation
This document is a quick starter guide to the interface and how you will run each of the unique “worlds” in this exercise. You will play in each world for 18 simulated years.
Starting
The Sun Power simulation can be accessed here: http://forio.com/simulation/mit-sloan-solar
Click “Play as part of a class”
For “Choose a Screen ID” enter your initials
For “Class code”, enter “MGT690_01”
Interface
The first page is the Dashboard where you can see high-level information about your own market share, solar panel price, cost, etc. and how that compares to all other solar. More detailed information is available through the panels on the left (some will not be populated with useful information until a few years into the simulation). There is a link to the case at the bottom of the screen.
Decisions
In this simulation, you have two choices: price of the module and investment in process improvement.
Pricing – You can either manually set a price, sell for a set percentage below the average of your competitors, or a percentage markup of your cost.
Process improvement – You set the percentage of revenues that will be invested in improving the efficiency of your solar panel manufacturing process.
Years to advance – Leave this at 1 year for the purpose of the class, you can set higher values if you wish to run the simulation on your own.
Once you have made a decision, press the “Advance” button to go to the next year. Do not press “Start Over” – it is best to learn from your mistakes as they happen.
Exercise Timeline
Begin with MGT690_01, once you finish the 18 year simulation, record your performance (press the “Copy to Clipboard” Option above the dashboard table to save your data). Consider the questions.
After the discussion, press “Logout” in the top right, press “Play as part of a Class”, enter the same ID, and then enter the class code MGT690_02. Answer the questions on the following page after finishing.
If you want to play around with different settings, you can click “Play as an individual” and select “Settings”.
World 1 (MGT690_01):
1. What strategy did you use? Was it effective?
2. What were your outcomes? Percentage of market share and cumulative profit?
3. What happened in the world? How did you react to it?
World 2 (MGT690_02):
1. What felt different about this world?
2. What were your outcomes? Percentage of market share and cumulative profit?
3. What happened in the world? How did you react to it?
Immediate Purpose:
Long Range Goal:
Introduction:
I. Attention Getting Material
II. Establish Listener Relevance
III. State your ethos
IV. State the thesis
V. Preview the body
(Transition to the body)
I. Main Point
A. Sub point
1. Sub subpoint
2. Sub subpoint
3. Sub subpoint
B. Subpoint
C. Subpoint
(Transition)
II. Main Point
A. Subpoint
B. Subpoint
C. Subpoint
1. Sub subpoint
2. Sub subpoint
(Transition)
III. Main Point
A.
Lessons learned from a Microsoft AI for Earth-WRI Collaboration
Learn more: https://www.wri.org/events/2020/06/webinar-ai-global-environmental-challenges
The New Photonomy - offering an exponentially fruitful abundance worldwide, P...Michael P Totten
Elevated solar photovoltaics sited on a fraction of existing cultivated lands, technically referred to as Agrivoltaic microgrids (plus batteries-controls), promises enhanced economic security for farmers, who generate onsite power and export excess power, while continuing to grow crops, pasture grasses and livestock grazing below the solar panels. Energy security is also enhanced as a result of the distributed design, or what the U.S. rural electric cooperatives call the new "agile fractal grid." The model builds upon the U.S. Dept. of Defense decree that all military bases transition to islandable microgrids capable of operation when the grid or pipelines collapse (whether due to physical attacks, cyberterrorism, cybercrime, or climate-triggered catastrophes). Recent analysis found it would only take a couple of percent of existing cultivated lands sited with agrivoltaics to generate nearly 100 of total global energy demand for all purposes. This 84-slide presentation provides both overview and details about this multi-benefits accruing energy service option: collapsing most GHG emissions from the energy sector (which now comprises 3/4th of total global emissions), a dozen other energy-spewed chemical SCARs ("social cost of atmospheric releases), eliminate need for massive land conversion to biofuels and threats to biodiversity destruction, and 90 percent decline in water extraction. All documented with citations and references.
Totten 189 slides on Catalyzing Zero Emission Cities - presentation to Colora...Michael P Totten
189 slides discussing a collaborative information network (COIN) to help citizens catalyze combustion-free, emission-free campuses, cities, and companies, and transition to electrification powered by solar, wind, and efficiency gains.
Michael P Totten Half-Century review Professional HighlightsMichael P Totten
17 pages of professional initiatives I have worked on and am currently focused on in creating Internet-based platform networks promoting collaborative innovation and collective intelligence focused on catalyzing accessible knowledge and resource tools to assist cities, campuses, companies and citizens to transform from a fossil-fuel economy to solar-based economy within the next 25 years.
LEAST-COST-&-RISK LIFECYCLE DELIVERED ENERGY SERVICESMichael P Totten
147-slide deck used in seminar at the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), Nov. 12, 2014, Energy Training Workshop. Whereas the IDB has skewed investment and financial support to South and Central American and Caribbean nations into large-scale hydrodams, and large-scale fossil fuel projects (power plants, pipelines), this presentation focuses on the superior least-cost-and-risk strategy based on end-use efficiency gains, onsite and distributed microgrids, powered with solar and wind power.
IoN - Human-Centric Internet of Networks - Michael P Totten presentation at H...Michael P Totten
Smart LED Solid-State Lighting (SSL) luminaires with color tunable and dimmable capabilities, linked to the Internet offer enhanced benefits for human well-being, health and productivity. Energy savings of 50 to 80% are one monetary advantage, but these savings are eclipsed by the value accruing from increased productivity and wellness benefits.
As a Presidio Fellow in Sustainability and Sports, at the Presidio Graduate School, San Francisco, CA, [http://www.presidio.edu/academics/presidiopro/certificates/sports- sustainability] I presented a class on energy efficiency and solar in sports stadiums and arenas. It covers related issues of advanced BIM (Building Information Modeling or Building Intelligence Management), Internet of Everything (IoT), continuous commissioning over building lifecycle, LED lighting systems, and more.
pursuing sustainable planetary prosperity chapter 18 US-China 2022Michael P Totten
China and the U.S. are the two largest consuming nations, their combined gross do- mestic products (GDPs) comprising one third of global GDP. The two nations consume one quarter of world natural gas and one third of world oil production, and produce nearly two thirds of world coal. The two nations are also the planet’s largest CO2 emitters, jointly releasing nearly half of the world total.
Business-as-usual scenarios are insufficient to address the acute sustainability challenges that both nations – as well as the community of nations
– are facing. However, collaboration in pursuing solutions through unprecedented statesmanship, leadership and technological advances will simultaneously provide national and global sustainability solutions.
Joint initiatives are in both of our nations’ enlightened self interest – from immediate and sustained economic and environmental gains to long-term well being and prosperity of our peoples – and will make a major, essential contribution to finding global solutions to the devastating risks facing hu- manity and the biosphere.
Great plains win-win-wind strategy 100% renewable US power michael p totten a...Michael P Totten
currently 75% of Great Plains is farmed/ranched, generating 5% of the region's total revenues. Long-term sustainability threatened by increasing frequency severity droughts, heat waves, soil erosion, dust storms - with increasing probability of long-term dust bowl. Placing several million large wind turbines on just three percent of the Great Plains would generate 100% of U.S. current power consumption, while providing farmers/ranchers with royalties twice as large as from ranching/farming. This would enable regenerative restoration of soils and carbon storage by shifting to deep-rooted, drought resistant native prairie grasses. Bison co-evolved with prairie grasses, and offer another source of revenues from healthy meat production. Eco-tourism offers an additional revenue source, given the restoration of migratory bird flyways. And soil carbon storage offers another revenue opportunity. In sharp contrast to business-as-usual, an inevitable Austerity driven future, this win-win-wind strategy is a Prosperity driven future. This is the slide presentation that visualizes an accompanying paper also posted on my slideshare site.
Michael P Totten GreenATP: APPortunities to catalyze local to global positive...Michael P Totten
Humanity’s unceasing ingenuity is generating vast economic gain for billions of people with goods unavailable to even kings and queens throughout most of history. Unfortunately, this economic growth has triggered unprecedented se- curity challenges of global and historical magnitude: more absolute poor than any time in human history, the sixth largest extinction spasm of life on earth, climate destabilization with mega-catastrophic consequences, and multi-trillion dollar wars over access to energy. These multiple, inextricably interwoven chal- lenges have low probability of being solved if decision makers maintain the strong propensity to think and act as if life is linear, has no carrying capacity limits, uncertainty is controllable, the future free of surprises, planning is predictable and compartmentalized into silos, and Gaussian distributions are taken as the norm while fat-tail futures are ignored. Although the future holds irreducible uncertainties, it is not fated. The emergence of Internet availability to one-third of humanity and access by most of humanity within a decade has spawned the Web analogue of a ‘Cambrian explosion’ of speciation in knowledge applica- tions. Among the most prodigious have been collaboration innovation networks (COINs) reflecting a diversity of ‘genome’ types, facilitating a myriad of collective intelligence crowd-swarming phenomena (Malone T, Laubacher R, Dellarocas C. The Collective Intelligence Genome. MIT Sloan Management Review, Spring; 2010, Vol. 51). COINs are essential tools for accelerating and scaling transformational solutions (positive tipping points) to the wicked problems confronting humanity. Web COINs enable acceleration of multiple-benefit innovations and solutions to these problems that permeate the nested clusters of linked nonlinear complex adaptive systems comprising the global biosphere and socioeconomy.
Slides from lectures and seminars given at Singapore universities and business schools (NUS, SMU, INSEAD) on how Asia Pacific region faces mega-catastrophic socio-ecological challenges that can be largely prevented and resolved through aggressive, ambitious pursuit of clean tech, green economic investment opportunities (e.g, end-use efficiency, solar power, wind power).
Slides from Michael P Totten TEDx Talk Singapore, April 2012 on need for planetary physicians practitioners network to tackle and resolve multiple mega-catastrophic risks facing the world's citizenry by applying mega-opportunities available in the planet's local communities for promoting health, well-being and prosperous livlihoods for humanity and life on earth now and generations to come.
GreenATP ucla anderson business school mp totten 06 11Michael P Totten
Slides from seminar. See article for details: http://www.scribd.com/mtotten6756
Summary:
Humanity’s unceasing ingenuity is generating vast economic gain for billions of people with goods unavailable to even kings and queens throughout most of history. Unfortunately, this economic growth has triggered unprecedented se- curity challenges of global and historical magnitude: more absolute poor than any time in human history, the sixth largest extinction spasm of life on earth, climate destabilization with mega-catastrophic consequences, and multi-trillion dollar wars over access to energy. These multiple, inextricably interwoven chal- lenges have low probability of being solved if decision makers maintain the strong propensity to think and act as if life is linear, has no carrying capacity limits, uncertainty is controllable, the future free of surprises, planning is predictable and compartmentalized into silos, and Gaussian distributions are taken as the norm while fat-tail futures are ignored. Although the future holds irreducible uncertainties, it is not fated. The emergence of Internet availability to one-third of humanity and access by most of humanity within a decade has spawned the Web analogue of a ‘Cambrian explosion’ of speciation in knowledge applica- tions. Among the most prodigious have been collaboration innovation networks (COINs) reflecting a diversity of ‘genome’ types, facilitating a myriad of collective intelligence crowd-swarming phenomena (Malone T, Laubacher R, Dellarocas C. The Collective Intelligence Genome. MIT Sloan Management Review, Spring; 2010, Vol. 51). COINs are essential tools for accelerating and scaling transformational solutions (positive tipping points) to the wicked problems confronting humanity. Web COINs enable acceleration of multiple-benefit innovations and solutions to these problems that permeate the nested clusters of linked nonlinear complex adaptive systems comprising the global biosphere and socioeconomy [Raford N. How to build a collective intelligence platform to crowdsource almost anything. Available at: http:news.noahraford.com.
Michael P Totten DENIN talk "Water in an Uncertain Climate Future" focusing o...Michael P Totten
The DENIN Dialogue Series is a semiannual lecture series sponsored by the Delaware Environmental Institute (DENIN) that brings experts of international renown in environmental research and policy to address the public at UD's Newark campus. Totten's presentation will be podcast on DENIN's iTunes U site following the lecture.
Totten will address the topic “Water in an Uncertain Climate Future.” Billions of people around the world are mired in poverty, are chronically ill, and lack adequate drinking water and basic sanitation services. Efforts to ensure water security now also contend with the impacts of climate change and the uncertainty in water flow and availability.
Water use is pervasive throughout the global economy but concentrated in agriculture (about 75 percent of water withdrawals worldwide) and thermal power plants (48 percent of off-stream use in the U.S.). A core concern is how to
deliver water services for these needs at least cost and risk while addressing issues of social equity and ecological integrity.
Totten will present the case that there are win-win-win pathways in addressing these multiple crises, and he will highlight
some of the evidence and experience to date in using innovative practices, policies and regulations in delivering water and water-related services.
He has nearly three decades of professional experience in promoting ecologically sustainable economic development at the local, national and international levels. At Conservation International's CELB, he engages corporations and public institutions in adopting strategies to shrink and offset the ecological footprints of goods and services throughout their lifecycle. He has given more than 1,500 presentations and written scores of publications.
Totten is the principal co-author of the 2008 book, A Climate for Life: Meeting the Global Challenge, an interdisciplinary perspective on preventing catastrophic climate change and human-triggered species extinction while providing robust
economic growth. He received the Lewis Mumford Prize for Environment in 2000 for pioneering the creation of interactive multimedia and Internet tools for spurring ecologically sustainable development. As senior adviser to U.S. Rep. Claudine Schneider (R-R.I.), he drafted the 1989 Global Warming Prevention Act, cosponsored by one-third of the House of Representatives.
Howard University Sigma Xi talk Biocomplexity Decisionmaking MP Totten 11-10Michael P Totten
Humanity confronts unprecedented challenges of global and historical magnitude, including climate destabilization, ocean acidification, more absolute poor than any time in human history, and species extinction rate 1000 times the natural background rate. Instead of dealing with each problem separately, there are great gains to be made by looking for common solutions to these inextricably interwoven problems. Green economics offers one such perspective to assessment opportunities.
Michael P Totten A Climate For Life Mesh Talk Bioneer Los Angeles 12 09 09Michael P Totten
Positive vision of win-win-win actions to avoid climate catastrophe, end mass poverty, reduce species extinction, by using web-based social collaboration tools and collective intelligence actions.
Michael P Totten presentation Sustainability Opportunities Summit, Denver, Ma...Michael P Totten
Michael P Totten presentation at the 2009 Sustainability Opportunities Summit in Denver. Discusses linkages between rainforest loss, species loss, and positive solutions for preventing greenhouse gas emissions while helping alleviate poverty and preventing biodiversity destruction.
Michael P Totten presentation on "Biocomplexity Decisionmaking -- Innovative approaches to the inter-connected challenges of Climate destabilization, Species extinction and Mass poverty" at the 2009 Pew Foundation Annual Meeting, Programs in Biomedical Sciences, San Juan, Puerto, Rico. 125 slides showing connections and common solutions for addressing climate catastrophe, mass poverty, species extinction, and resource wars.
Totten Climate For Life Presentation 02 13 09 Duke Symposium Final UpdateMichael P Totten
"A Climate for Life" presentation by Michael P Totten, Chief Advisor, Climate, Freshwater and Ecosystem Services, Conservation International, on Feb. 13, 2009, at the "A World in Conflict: Tacking Issues of Water, Energy and Biodiversity in the Developing World," held at Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Student International Discussion Group. Presentation makes case for viewing and treating these compartmentalized issues (climate, energy, water, biodiversity, poverty) from an inter-disciplinary, integrated perspective in order to avoid lost opportunities and capture synergistic, leveraging opportunities.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
7. Law of Accelerating Returns
Information
technologies
Communication
technologies
Miniaturized
technologies
COIN
technologies
8. Information Technologies (of all kinds)
double their power (price performance,
capacity, bandwidth) every year --
Law of Accelerating Returns
Logarithmic+Plot Logarithmic+Plot
Logarithmic+Plot Logarithmic+Plot
16
Ray Kurzweil, What Does the Future Look Like, Sept 18, 2012, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oe7hG1NXVdw
Doubling)(or)Halving)times)
• Dynamic RAM Memory “Half Pitch” Feature Size 5.4 years
• Dynamic RAM Memory (bits per dollar) 1.5 years
• Average Transistor Price 1.6 years
• Microprocessor Cost per Transistor Cycle 1.1 years
• Total Bits Shipped 1.1 years
• Processor Performance in MIPS 1.8 years
• Transistors in Intel Microprocessors 2.0 years
• Microprocessor Clock Speed 2.7 years
9. Law of Accelerating Returns
Every form of communications technology is
doubling price-performance, bandwidth,
capacity every 12 months
Moore’s)Law)is)only)one)example
Exponential)Growth)of)Computing)for)110)Years)
Moore's)Law)was)the)fifth,)not)the)first,)
paradigm)to)bring)exponential)growth)in)computing
Year
Logarithmic+Plot
15
Ray Kurzweil, What Does the Future Look Like, Sept 18, 2012, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oe7hG1NXVdw
Logarithmic+Plot Logarithmic+Plot
Logarithmic+Plot
10. Law of Accelerating Returns
Miniaturization:
another exponential trend
http://www.ted.com/talks/
ray_kurzweil_on_how_technology_will_transform_us?language=en https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnyQWr8hk0A
Ray Kurzweil
Exponential Finance
July, 2014
Wireless smart
sensor networks
Trillion$ Valuable
Smartphone
NANO technology
engineering & Mfg
11. Law of Accelerating Returns
COllaborative Intelligence/Innovation
Networks (COINs) another exponential trend
Wikipedia, the world’s largest and fastest growing
encyclopedia, premier example of an open source
COIN to date. It is one of the top 5 to 7 daily
visited Internet sites in the world (monthly
readership of ~500 million worldwide).
34 million free usable articles in 288 languages
that have been written by over 50 million
registered users and numerous anonymous
contributors worldwide.
15,000 volumes equivalent to Encyclopedia
Britannica.
100 million hours to create Wikipedia over the
first decade. By comparison, Americans spend
132 million hours each day on Facebook (430
million hours each day worldwide); and
Americans watch 100 million hours of TV ads
every weekend.
There are thousands of open source COINs
currently operating
Proliferation of Open Source COINs
Collaborative Intelligence/Innovation Networks
13. sors) Visions
ot
ch
ntially
s for a
it.
by new
market
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
1995 2000 2014 2020
People Online
Smartphones
People Online (billions)Machine-to-Machine (M2M)
Two Explosive Exponential Trends driving
IP addressable Internet of Everything (IoE)
Source: Benedict Evans, Industrial Internet,11-2014, Partner, Andreesen-
Horowitz; and, B. Evans, Mobile Is Eating the World, May 2013
(Left) Road Map for the Trillion Sensor Universe, 11/2013, Janusz Bryzek,VP,
MEMS and Sensing Solutions, Fairchild Semiconductor
21. Source: International Energy Agency, Energy Technology Perspectives, 2008, p. 366. The figure is based on National
Petroleum Council, 2007 after Craig, Cunningham and Saigo.
Oil
Gas
Uranium
Coal
ANNUAL Wind
Hydro
Photosynthesis
ANNUAL Solar Energy
Annual global energy consumption by humans
SOLAR PHOTONS
ACCRUED IN A MONTH
EXCEED THE EARTH’S
FOSSIL FUEL RESERVES
1(
Nme(
use(
22. In the USA, cities and residences cover 56 million hectares.
Every kWh of current U.S. energy requirements can be met simply by
applying photovoltaics (PV) to 7% of existing urban area—
on roofs, parking lots, along highway walls, on sides of buildings, and
in dual-uses. Requires 93% less water than fossil fuels.
Experts say we wouldn’t have to appropriate a single acre of new
land to make PV our primary energy source!
15%'
23. that the turbine scaling and other improvements to turbine efficiency described in Chapter 4 have
more than overcome these headwinds to help drive PPA prices lower.
Source: Berkeley Lab
Figure 46. Generation-weighted average levelized wind PPA prices by PPA execution date and region
Figure 46 also shows trends in the generation-weighted average levelized PPA price over time
among four of the five regions broken out in Figure 30 (the Southeast region is omitted from
Figure 46 owing to its small sample size). Figures 45 and 46 both demonstrate that, based on our
data sample, PPA prices are generally low in the U.S. Interior, high in the West, and in the
middle in the Great Lakes and Northeast regions. The large Interior region, where much of U.S.
wind project development occurs, saw average levelized PPA prices of just $22/MWh in 2013.
U.S.'Wind'Power'LCOE'PPA'in'2013'2.5¢/kWh'
Global'Wind'Power'LCOE'in'2013'6.5¢/kWh''
Ryan(Wiser(&(Mark(Bollinger,(2013(Wind(Technologies(Market(Report,(Lawrence(Berkeley,(August(2014(
6¢/kWh(
2¢/kWh(
4¢/kWh(
LCOE=Levelized(Cost(of(Electricity( PPA=Power(Purchase(Agreement(
24. Entire State of Calif
Community College
System BIG BIM
CLOUD COMUTING
Largest System Public Higher Education in World
! 71 Million ft2
! 2.75 Million
Students
! 112 California
locations
! 5,000 bldgs
26. dependent change in U.S. end-use power demand for all purposes (electricity, transportation, heating/cooling, and industry)
al fuels and WWS generators based on the state roadmaps proposed here. Total power demand decreases upon conversion t
of electricity over combustion and end-use energy efficiency measures. The percentages on the horizontal date axis ar
WWS that has occurred by that year. The percentages next to each WWS source are the final estimated penetration of th
vironmental Science
Vie
Jacobson, Mark and Mark Delucchi et al., 100% clean and renewable wind, water, and sunlight (WWS) all-sector energy roadmaps for the
50 United States, Journal of Energy & Environmental Science, May 17, 2015, Royal Society of Chemistry,
h,ps://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Ar1cles/I/susenergy2030.html
Jacobson-Delucchi 100% WWS Energy System by 2050
31. 100% CALIFORNIA
Transition to 100% wind, water, and solar (WWS) for all purposes
(electricity, transportation, heating/cooling, industry)
Residential rooftop PV
7.5%
Solar PV plants
27%
CSP plants
15%
Onshore wind
25%
Offshore wind
10%
Commercial/govt
rooftop PV
5%
Wave devices
0.5%
Geothermal
5%
Hydroelectric
4.4%
Tidal turbines
0.5%
2050
PROJECTED
ENERGY MIX
40-Year Jobs Created
Number of jobs where a person
is employed for 40 consecutive years
Operation jobs:
Construction jobs:
=10,000
142,153
315,982
Using WWS electricity for everything, instead of burning fuel, and
improving energy efficiency means you need much less energy.
-44.3%
Current demand Wind, Water, Solar
VISIT THESOLUTIONSPROJECT.ORG
TO LEARN MORE AND 100.ORG TO JOIN THE MOVEMENT
Data from Stanford University - For more information, visit
http://go100.me/50StateTargets
FOLLOW US ON 100isNow SolutionsProj
100% CALIFORNIA
VISIT THESOLUTIONSPROJECT.ORG
TO LEARN MORE AND 100.ORG TO JOIN THE MOVEMENT
DatafromStanfordUniversity-Formoreinformation,visit
http://go100.me/50StateTargets
FOLLOW US ON 100isNow SolutionsProj
P
Transitionto100%wind,water,andsolar(WWS)forallpurposes
(electricity,transportation,heating/cooling,industry)
Avoided Mortality and Illness Costs Percentage of California Land Needed for
All New WWS Generators
Future Energy Costs 2050 Money in Your Pocket
Avoidedhealthcostsperyear:
2.9%ofStateGDP
Airpollutiondeathsavoidedeveryyear:12,528
$128B
=1000
Planpaysforitselfinaslittleas2.6 yearsfromairpollutionandclimate
costsavingsalone
2.61%Spacing area
0.64%Footprint area
BAU(Businessasusual) WWS(Wind,water,solar)
U.S.averagefossil-fuelenergycosts*
10.73 c/kWh
StateaverageWWS
electricitycosts
9.7 c/kWh
*Healthandclimateexternalcostsoffossilfuelsareanother5.7c/kWh
Annualenergy,health,andclimatecostsavingsperperson
in2050:$7,395
Annualenergycostsavingsperpersonin2050:$161
= $2,000
The Solu1ons Project, h,p://thesolu1onsproject.org/infographic/#ca
38. Rapid, affordable energy transformation
possible, study says
25 January 2016
A high-resolution map based on NOAA weather data
showing one measure of wind energy potential across
the United States in 2012. Credit: Chris Clack/CIRES
Nature Climate Change.
Although improvements in wind and solar
generation have continued to ratchet down the cost
of producing renewable energy, these energy
resources are inherently intermittent. As a result,
utilities have invested in surplus generation
capacity to back up renewable energy generation
with natural gas-fired generators and other
reserves.
"In the future, they may not need to," said co-lead
author Christopher Clack, a physicist and
mathematician with the Cooperative Institute for
Research in Environmental Sciences at the
University of Colorado Boulder.
Since the sun is shining or winds are blowing
somewhere across the United States all of the time,
42. 8 | Wind and Water Power Technologies Office eere.energy.gov
Revolution Now: The Future Arrives for Four Clean Energy
Technologies. DOE. September 2014 (in press)
The Progress of Wind Power in the United
States
• 4.6% of U.S. 2014 power
generation1
• 42% of all 2012 U.S. power capacity
additions, the highest of any
resource 2
• Wind capacity more than doubled
from 2008-2012 (average of 8.7
GW/year) 3
• 59 GW wind capacity added from
2005 to 2014 4
• 11 states with > 10% wind
generation in 2014: Colorado, Idaho,
Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Minnesota,
North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon,
South Dakota, and Texas 5
– Two states with >25% wind
generation in 2014: Iowa (30%)
and South Dakota (25%)
• Average of 73,000 U.S. jobs in
installation, manufacturing and
operations over 2010-2014 6
Key Facts
44. h,ps://charlieonenergy.wordpress.com/2015/12/07/solar-and-moores-law/, December 7, 2015 / charlieonenergy
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839
HOW TO SUSTAIN DOUBLE DIGIT
SOLAR PV GLOBAL GROWTH?
TW
years
2012 2050
15% year growth
10% yr growth
20
4
Current Global Energy Consumption in TW-years
25% year growth
60
Rate dependent upon how fiercely, effectively, and unendingly fossil
fuel advocates are at deterring, delaying, derailing Solar PV
Ray Kurzweil and Larry Page, calculate solar PV growth achieving 8 doublings within the next several decades,
matching total global energy demand, prepared for National Academy of Engineers Workshop of Experts, 2008
2028 2035
45. What’s the Size of the U.S. Wind Resource?
Authoritative Estimate: Developable wind resource is
13 times total U.S. electricity consumption
46. Evolution of Wind Turbine Size
(Land Based)
Ed DeMeo, Governors’ Wind & Solar Energy, Coali1on Policy Priori1es Workshop, June 19, 2015,
h,p://www.governorswindenergycoali1on.org/?page_id=13502
Evolu0on of Wind Turbine Size (Land Based)
57. 208,000 buildings
equivalent to
Empire State
Building are
planned for
construction
through 2030
HOW TO ACCELERATE INTEGRATED
DESIGN (& DEEP RENOVATION) IN
THE GLOBAL BUILDING SECTOR?Prior to 2008, the Empire State Building’s per
to most U.S. office buildings.
Annu
Annu
Annu
Peak
I. MOTIVATION
1) Prove or disprove the economic viability of
retrofits.
source: Ed Mazria, Architecture 2030, ROADMAP TO ZERO EMISSIONS, June 4, 2014, submission to Durban Platform for Enhanced Action; citing and
Adapted from, Dobbs, Richard. Insights & Publications. 06-2012. http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/urbanization/
urban_world_cities_and_the_rise_of_the_consuming_class
65. Mapping Cities’ Roof & Road tops for
Solar Reflecting Savings
Each%m2%white%roof%offsets%1%ton%CO2
US$2 Trillion Global Savings
50+ billion tons CO2 reduced
Singapore%EXPO%Conven;on%&%Exhibi;on%Centre Urban%Heat%Island
The long-term effect of increasing the albedo of urban areas, Hashem Akbari, H Damon Matthews and Donny Seto, Environmental Research Letters, 7 (2012) 024004
66. Over 4000 Walmart stores with
white roofs, and standard
practice since 1990
Reflects away 80% of solar heat
SOLAR REFLECTORS
67. ASSET – CITYSCAPE SCALE!
APP-Aggregating Assemblages of Buildings
Priority-Ranking Biggest Opportunities
Incorporating Financing Algorithms
COINs for learning, skills, training, practice, verification, adaptation, time saving
Arizona State University researchers have developed a new software system capable of estimating GHG emissions across entire urban
landscapes, all the way down to roads and individual buildings. Until now, scientists quantified CO2 emissions at a much broader level. Dubbed
"Hestia" after the Greek goddess of the hearth and home, the system combines extensive public database "data-mining" with traffic simulation
and building-by-building energy-consumption modeling. Its high-resolution maps clearly identify CO2 emission sources in a way that policy-
makers can utilize and the public can understand. Hestia provides a complete, three-dimensional picture of where, when, and how carbon
dioxide emissions are occurring. Credit: Kevin Gurney, Bedrich Benes, Michel Abdul-Massih, Suzanna Remec, Jim Hurst
68. GTM, US Residential Solar Finance Landscape Map, Feb 2013, http://www.greentechmedia.com/research/report/u.s.-residential-solar-pv-financing
One-Click, One-Stop Process for Solar PV
Assessment-Financing-Installation-Operation
U.S. Residential Solar PV Financing:
TheVendor, Installer and Financier Landscape, 2013-2016
69. 21
Some of the most exciting
work RMI has done,and is
doing,is with our industrial
collaborators.We work with
some of the best engineers and
planners in the world,who feel
that RMI really adds something
to their products,investments,
capabilities,and strategies.We
are at the front of a wave of
better design combined with
more responsible,long-term
thinking—and we’ve been
helping shape that wave.
—Robert“Hutch”Hutchinson,
RMI Managing Director
energy into
customer value:
much less than
1 W
-67% power plant -10% transmission and distribution
-33% cooling
-4% lighting
-15% uninterruptible power supply
-10% fans
-35% power supply
-85% underutilization
energy is lost in the process
in a conventional
data center
debloat software
and ensure that
every computation
cycle is needed …
… then cut IT
equipment’s
internal losses
by 75% …
… then cut
utility losses
by 50% …
ENERGY INTO
ENERGY LOSS
-40%
zero-value applications
business
processes
energy
into plant:
100 W
Here’s how whole-systems design can save
energy at each step of the value chain.
Most of the fuel energy is lost even before it leaves the
power plant and only a tiny fraction provides real value.
W
electricity supply
data center
applications
business
processes
100
30
16
0.9
0.4 W
1.4
A MULTIPLYING EFFECT
The savings compound as you go upstream, multiplying
downstream savings by up to about 100-fold.
server
15
29
98
1
2
4
3
inefficient &
inefficient
… then cut
cooling and
power supply
energy by
90% …
GraphicbyStanfordKayStudio.ReprintedbypermissionfromReinventingFire,publishedbyChelseaGreen,2011.
ive U.S. industrial sector that
oductivity by 2050 and is
r savings.
r generates more than 40%
employs almost 20 million
r mills, chemical plants,
, light manufacturing and
This mighty engine consumed
ergy in 2010, 76% of which
eater adoption of energy
ty to increase the productivity
s and driving global
28 trillion, U.S. industry would
resent value return from
Companies that can overcome
l barriers and make the bold
efficiency improvements
globally competitive—and
atile fossil fuel prices.
emerging energy efficiency
ing waste heat, and using
ape and optimize subsystems
050 it is possible to reduce
ast 9% below 2010 levels even
ows by 84%.
forming industrial process and
and oil and all but 10 quads
dustry, even before adopting
FOCUS
RMI has a long history of collaborating with industry
on solutions, design of products and processes and the
application of renewable and alternative energy sources.
We push clients hard on efficiency, renewables, and
related sustainability issues. Our strengths in working
with industry include our knowledge of energy and
efficiency technologies, our expertise in shaping
integrative, cross-functional design experiences, our
information-gathering network, and our professionalism.
We facilitate innovative thinking and bring together
unusual partners. We have new clients in the mining,
automotive, industrial process, and oil and gas industries.
We look forward to sharing more in the future as this work
unfolds—creating rapid mutual learning, teachable cases,
and competitive pressure for emulation.
As we complete
Reinventing Fire research,
RMI is reinvigorating its
industrial work. This is a
key part of RMI’s heritage
and one we intend to
keep active and vibrant.
As before, RMI will work
with select major firms to
maximize energy efficiency
across their operations—
focusing on radically
productive processes
and effective products.
We may also help drive
fundamental changes
in buildings, fleets, self-
generation of power, and
corporate strategy.
Less than1%
actually creates
customer value.
of the power-plant fuel that makes
electricity for a data center energy into
customer value:
much less than
1 W
-67% power plant -10% transmission and distribution
-33% cooling
-4% lighting
-15% uninterruptible power supply
-10% fans
-35% power supply
-85% underutilization
energy is lost in the process
in a conventional
data center
debloat software
and ensure that
every computation
cycle is needed …
… then cut IT
equipment’s
internal losses
by 75% …
… then cut
utility losses
by 50% …
ENERGY INTO
ENERGY LOSS
-40%
zero-value applications
business
processes
energy
into plant:
100 W
Here’s how whole-systems design can save
energy at each step of the value chain.
Most of the fuel energy is lost even before it leaves the
power plant and only a tiny fraction provides real value.
W
electricity supply
data center
applications
business
processes
100
30
16
0.91.4server
29
98
1
2
4
3
inefficient &
inefficient
… then cut
cooling and
power supply
energy by
90% …
GraphicbyStanfordKayStudio.ReprintedbypermissionfromReinventingFire,publishedbyChelseaGreen,2011.
Deep-Dive Efficiency - Factor 5+ Industry & Mfg Sector
Poor
Factor 5+
70. Now use 1/2 global power
30-50% efficiency savings achievable w/ high ROI
ELECTRIC MOTOR SYSTEMS
72. Solar-charged Electric tricycles in Philippines
Electric-Powered Mobility Innovation Globally
Nearly 1/2 billion electric bikes, trikes, scooters by 2015
74. Cost of owning and operating an e-bike is the lowest of all
personal motorized transportation in China.
120 million electric bicycles & scooters in China
$3 per gallon gasoline is equivalent to 36 cents per kWh –
twice as expensive as solar PV electricity
Source: Jonathan Weinert, Chaktan Ma, Chris Cherry, The Transition to Electric Bikes in China: History and Key Reasons
for Rapid Growth; Alan Durning, Three Trends that favor electric bikes, 12-20-10, www.grist.org/article/charging-up
78. Evan Mills, GROCC Demonstration Project: Affordable, High-Performance Solar LED Lighting Pilot via the Millennium Villages Project, http://eetd.lbl.gov/emills
81. From Integrated designs to integrated operations
Building
Lighting
HVAC low-side
Plug Loads
Computing
HVAC high-side
Realistic scenario
-variables
Occupancy
Operating hours
Occupant behavior
Weather
Loads
I
N
T
E
G
R
A
T
E
D
D
E
S
I
N
G
S
I
N
T
E
G
R
A
T
E
D
O
P
E
R
A
T
I
O
N
S
Design stage
– most efficient/peak
36
Integrated'Designs'&'Integrated'Opera6ons'
Lifecycle(&(CradlePtoPCradle(
Punit(Desai,(Environmental(Sustainability(at(Infosys(Driven(by(values,(Powered(by(
innovaNon,(InfoSys,(presentaNon(to(RMI,(Sept(15,(2014(
Infosys BPO awarded 5-Star Rating by B
Efficiency (BEE)
5-star rating signifies being the most energy efficient
Bangalore, India - May 13, 2010: Infosys BPO, the busin
subsidiary of Infosys Technologies, today announced that it has
rating for energy efficiency by Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) f
Phase 2 campus in Hinjewadi, Pune, India. The rating is under
buildings” scheme of BEE that rates office buildings in India from
rendered on a scale of 1 to 5 stars, where a 5-star rating signifi
efficient. The rating is valid for a period of 5 years.
36(Mc2'
buildings'
82. Integrated and goal oriented design approach
HVAC(Goal( Ligh3ng(Goal( Water(Goal(
! Max envelope heat gain 1.0 W/sqft
! Total building @ 750-1000 sqft/TR
! 25 deg C, 55% RH
! LPD of 0.45 W/sqft
! 90% of building to be day lit > 110 lux
! No Glare throughout the year
! Architects
! Facade Specialists
! IT Specialists
! HVAC Engineers
! Lighting Specialists
! Architects
! Facade Specialists
! Lighting Specialists
! Electrical Designers
! PHE Engineers
! Architects
! Landscape Architects
! Less than 25 LPD for
office building
! Zero discharge
! 100% self sufficient
T
E
A
M
G
O
A
L(
13
Punit(Desai,(Environmental(Sustainability(at(Infosys(Driven(by(values,(Powered(by(innovaNon,(InfoSys,(presentaNon(to(RMI,(Sept(15,(2014(
83. Building Analytics in action
At one client facility running Building Analytics, the preheating
coil and cooling coil were operating simultaneously and wasting
more than $900 and 80,000 kBTUs on a daily basis. The problem
was pinpointed at a leaking chilled water valve that once repaired
produced $60,000 in annual savings with ROI in the first month.
Mixed air
temperature
sensor
Outdoor
air temp
“Occupancy”
is at set point
Return fan
status
Preheating
discharge
temperature
Heating
valve
position
Cooling
valve
position
Supply air
temperature
set point
Supply fan
status
Simultaneous
heating and cooling
Building name:
Equipment name:
Analysis name:
Estimated daily cost savings:
Problem:
Excess or simultaneous heating
and cooling
either providing excess heating or cooling
or operating simultaneously.
Possible causes:
and is leaking.
> Temperature sensor error or sensor
installation error is causing improper
control of the valves.
SMALL'SENSORS'
BIG'DATA'
VISUAL'ANALYTICS'
86. Issa, Suermann and Olbina
2D 3D 4D 5D
Risk
Figure 3: Decrease in project risk with the increase in model details
VICO Control is a location based virtual construction system that allows the creation of compressed schedules which al-
low the user to determine progress by comparing actual productivity to the project schedule. Many BIM models are not able
to store information beyond what the building looks like and as such do not allow the user to store info on the construction
process. VICO Control allows integrated construction of the whole project and allows the user to link duration and cost in-
formation directly to the model. Accordingly the user can instantly see the impact of changes in scope and schedule on the
entire project. It links the building model to estimating and scheduling information going from 3D to 5D and allows the user
to add additional parameters to each and every element in the BIM. Thus, the user can attach a recipe describing the means
Decrease'in'project'risk''
with'increase'in'BIM'details'
6D
Cradle'to'Cradle*Facility*Lifespan*Integra6on**
7D
Neil(Calvert,(“Why(We(Care(About(BIM…,”(DirecNons(Magazine,(Dec.(11,(2013,(
h,p://www.direcNonsmag.com/arNcles/whyPwePcarePaboutPbim/368436((
A/E'Firms'
Contractors'
Owners'
87. The FUSION + CCC GIS
+ Onuma Collaboration
Platform links three
separate web tools to
create a flexible and
powerful means for
districts to work on
projects across the
facilities life-cycle, from
campus master planning
to energy monitoring to
maintenance job ticketing.
Calif. Community Colleges’ FUSION
Facilities Utilization Space Inventory Options Net
COLLABORATE
BIG BIM Bang -- Enterprise BIM and BIG Data -- Sharing Data, AIA Technology in Architectural Practice, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dajUgdz_rls
88. BIG BIM Bang -- Enterprise BIM and BIG Data -- Sharing Data, AIA Technology in Architectural Practice, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dajUgdz_rls
89. BIG BIM Bang -- Enterprise BIM and BIG Data -- Sharing Data, AIA Technology in Architectural Practice, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dajUgdz_rls
Exponential Organization Methods
95. Of these 11 analyses, the median value of Net metering policies have been critical to the
Figure ES-1: Retail Electricity Rates and the Values of Solar Energy in 11 Cost-Benefit Analyses.
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
CentsperkWh
(U)—Studies written by, or commissioned by, utilities
(PUC)—Studies written by, or commissioned by, public utilities commissions
(O)—Studies written by, or commissioned by, non-utility organizations
Retail Electricity Rate
Value of Solarons
Retail Electricity Rate
Value of Solar
Average Retail Residen0al Electricity Rates
Compared to Values of Solar in 11 Cost-Benefit Analysis
h,ps://ilsr.org/solar-net-metering-a-subsidy-to-u1li1es/ John Farrell, June 25, 2015
U U U O O PUC O O PUC O O
(U)—Studies wrimen by,
or commissioned by,
u0li0es
(PUC)—Studies wrimen
by, or commissioned by,
public u0li0es
commissions
(O)—Studies wrimen by,
or commissioned by, non-
u0lity organiza0ons
96. Categories of Benefits & Costs Included in Each
Value of Solar Energy Cost-Benefit Analysis*
Solar Energy is Worth More Than the Benefits from Net Metering 15
ety, or did it only consider a limited number of direct
benefits to the grid and the utility?
The most basic way to value solar, and the most
common, is to calculate the avoided costs that result
from its expansion.29
In other words, what costs do
Value Provided by Solar Energy
Usually Exceeds Benefits from Net
Metering
Nearly all analyses that consider a full range of solar
energy benefits find that the value provided by
Table 2: Categories of Benefits and Costs Included in Each Solar Energy Cost-Benefit Analysis.*
Author
Costs of
Solar
Integration
Not
Specified
Avoided
Energy
Costs
Avoided
Capital and
Capacity
Investment
Reduced
Financial
Risks
Grid
Resiliency
Cost of
Environ-
mental
Compliance
Avoided
Greenhouse
Gas Emissions
Economic
Development
Total (cents
per kWh)
SAIC 3.56
Xcel 8.04
CPR (Austin) 10.70
CPR (Utah) 11.60
CPR (San
Antonio) 15.80
Synapse 16.90
Crossborder
Energy (AZ) 23.50
CPR (NJ) 28.10
Acadia 29.06
CPR (PA) 31.90
Maine PUC 33.60
*Colored cells represent categories that were included in the solar energy cost-benefit calculation*Colored cells represent categories included in the solar energy cost-benefit calcula0on
SHINING REWARDS, The Value of Roooop Solar Power for Consumers and Society, Lindsey Hallock, Fron1er Group
Rob Sargent, Environment America Research & Policy Center, Summer 2015
97. A Comparison of Cost-Benefit Analyses of Solar
Energy by Study and Category
SHINING REWARDS, The Value of Roooop Solar Power for Consumers and Society, Lindsey Hallock, Fron1er Group
Rob Sargent, Environment America Research & Policy Center, Summer 2015
Figure ES-2: A Comparison of Cost-Benefit Analyses of Solar Energy by Study and Category.
when evaluating programs that compen-
sate customers for the solar electricity they
provide to the grid.
policies, including multifamily homes or homes
without out sunny roofs, by implementing
virtual net metering programs.
-3
2
7
12
17
22
27
32
ValueofSolar(centsperkWh)
(U)—Studies written by, or commissioned by, utilities
(PUC)—Studies written by, or commissioned by, public utilities commissions
(O)—Studies written by, or commissioned by, non-utility organizations
*Lines indicate the value of solar energy as calculated in the analysis
Additional Environmental Benefits
Avoided Cost of Environmental Compliance
Grid Resiliency
Reduced Financial Risks and Electricity Prices
Avoided Capital and Capacity Investment
Avoided Energy Costs
Not Specified
Costs of Solar Integration
99. and on-bill models have developed independently as a response to market demand.
Figure 2: Energy Efficiency Finance Models
Financing
Model
Energy Savings
Performance
Contract (ESPC)
Energy
Services
Agreement
(ESA)
Managed
Energy
Services
Agreement
(MESA)
Property Assessed
Clean Energy
(PACE)
On-Bill
Financing/
Repayment
(OBF/OBR)
Market
Penetration
High for MUSH;
low for
Commercial and
Industrial
Low Low Low Low
Target Market
Segment
MUSH,
Commercial,
and Industrial
MUSH,
Commercial,
and
Industrial
MUSH,
Commercial,
and
Industrial
Residential,
Commercial
Residential,
Commercial,
and
Industrial
Balance Sheet On or Off On or Off On or Off Undetermined On or Off
Typical
Project Size
Unlimited
$250,000 -
$10 million
$250,000 -
$10 million
$2,000 - $2.5
million
$5,000 -
$350,000
Allows for
Extensive
Retrofits
Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Repayment
Method
Energy savings
Energy
savings
Energy
savings
Property
assessments
Via utility
bill
Security/
Collateral
Depends on
financing (e.g.,
lease or debt)
Equipment Equipment Assessment Lien
Equipment;
Service
termination
Responsibility
for Utility Bills
ESCO or
Customer
Customer
MESA
provider
Customer Customer
This section describes each of these emerging models in brief and provides an assessment of the
advantages and disadvantages associated with each.
source: Innovations and Opportunities in Energy Efficiency Finance, White Paper, 2nd edition, May 2012, Wilson, Sonsini, Goodrich & Rosati
*MUSH= Municipalities, Universities, Schools & Hospitals
*
115. 200
150
100
50
0
Globalpowercapacity
[GWp
]
2010200019901980
Year
Solar (PV) deployment
100
80
60
40
20
0
Solar(PV)moduleprice
[$/Wp
]
2010200019901980
Year
Solar (PV) price
400
300
200
100
0
Globalpowercapacity
[GWp
]
2010200019901980
Year
Wind deployment
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Costofelectricity
[$/MWh]
2010200019901980
Year
Wind cost
12600% growth
since 2000
2300% growth
since 2000
86% decline
since 2000
35% decline
since 2000
Solar and wind energy costs have fallen
as their markets have grown
Report: Trancik Lab, MIT, 2015
Jessika Trancik, MIT, Nov 29, 2015,
h,p://mitei.mit.edu/publica1ons/reports-studies/12-key-charts-demonstra1ng-posi1ve-feedback-loop
116. Solar(PV)2014
w
orld
m
inim
um
Solar(PV)2014
w
orld
average
Solar(PV)
2030
projection
250
200
150
100
50
0
Costofelectricity[$/MWh]
C
oal2014
N
aturalgas
2014
Solar (PV)
+ Health impacts
Direct cost
Opportunity for further cost decline under
countries’ climate pledges (INDCs)
Report: Trancik Lab, MIT, 20
250
200
150
100
50
0
Costofelectricity[$/MWh]
C
oal2014
N
aturalgas
2014
Wind
+ Health impacts
Direct cost
W
ind
2030
projection
W
ind
2014
Report: Trancik Lab, MIT, 2015
Opportunity for further cost decline
under countries’ climate pledges (INDCs)
Opportunity for further cost decline
under countries’ climate pledges (INDCs)
2015 best sites
Jessika Trancik, MIT, Nov 29, 2015,
h,p://mitei.mit.edu/publica1ons/reports-studies/12-key-charts-
demonstra1ng-posi1ve-feedback-loop
121. TURE CLIMATE CHANGE DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE2921 ARTICL
↑ 16%
↑ 6%
↑ 37%
↓ 33%
↓ 61%
↓ 78%
11.76¢
9.84¢
11.50¢
8.54¢
10.21¢ 10.04¢
NEWS simulated results
8.57¢
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
1990 2012 2030
reference
Coal
scenario
High-cost RE
Low-cost NG
Mid-cost RE
Mid-cost NG
Low-cost RE
High-cost NG
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
Averagecostofelectricity(2013US$kWh−1)
ElectricitysectorCO2emissions(millionmetrictons)
2 | The US electricity sector CO2 emissions (left axis, bars) and levelized cost of electricity (right axis, diamonds). The blue bars are for his
nd an International Energy Agency projection to 2030 (ref. 6). The green bars represent results from our optimization model (the values are t
ge of the three years of simulations). The coal scenario is identical to the HRLG scenario, but with the inclusion of coal plants. The red diamon
ent the levelized cost of electricity per kilowatt-hour (kWh) to consumers in 2013US$. The percentages show the change of CO2 emissions re
0 levels.
US electricity sector CO2 emissions (le} axis, bars) and
LCOE (levelized cost of electricity) (right axis, diamonds)
Future cost-compe11ve electricity systems and their impact on US CO2 emissions, Alexander E. MacDonald,
Christopher T. M. Clack, et al., Nature Climate Change, Jan. 25, 2016
Blue bars are for historical data and an Interna1onal Energy Agency projec1on to 2030 (ref. 6). The green bars represent results from our op1miza1on model (the values
are the average of the three years of simula1ons). The coal scenario is iden1cal to the HRLG scenario, but with the inclusion of coal plants. The red diamonds represent
the levelized cost of electricity per kilowa,-hour (kWh) to consumers in 2013US$. The percentages show the change of CO2 emissions rela1ve to 1990 levels.
128. Fortunately, Solar is Cheaper to Install Than Ever
Source: GTM Research/SEIA U.S. Solar Market Insight
$3.60
$2.27
$1.68
$0.00
$0.50
$1.00
$1.50
$2.00
$2.50
$3.00
$3.50
$4.00
Residential Commercial Utility
Q32014Bottom-UpAverageSystemPrice($/W)
Modules Inverters and AC Subsystem
DC Electrical BOS Structural BOS
Direct Labor Engineering and PII
Best-in-Class
Next Wave of U.S. Solar, Shayle Kann, Sr VP, Research, Greentech Media, U.S. Solar Market Insight 2014
Solar is Cheaper to Install Than Ever
129. $0
$25
$50
$75
$100
$125
$150
$175
$200
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
PPAPrice($/MWh)
Contract Execution Date
U0lity Solar PPA Prices Now Consistently
Below $70/MWh (<7 cents/kWh)
GTM, Shayle Kann, The Evolu1on of the U.S. Solar Market, April 2015
134. 9 | Wind and Water Power Technologies Office eere.energy.gov
The Wind Vision Report
The Benefits of Wind Energy Today
The avoided CO2 emissions from wind energy today help offset the equivalent of more
than 24 million passenger vehiclesKey Fact
135. 13 | Wind and Water Power Technologies Office eere.energy.gov
The Wind Vision Report
The Study Scenario
$
The Wind Vision Study Scenario results in modest increases in electricity cost in the near- and mid-
term (<1% price increase), but in the long term electricity costs savings of 2% are achieved by 2050
The Potential of 35% of the Country’s Electricity Coming from Wind Energy by 2050
140. and inverter) and “other costs” each account for about half the decline. Another
period has been the steady increase in the size of installed systems, from an ave
2000 to over 6 kW in 2013.
Figure 1. Average installed prices of U.S. PV systems in 2000 and 2013, in real $/W.
$0
$2
$4
$6
$8
$10
$12
$14
$16
2000 price Module Inverter Other costs 2013 price
InstalledPrice(2013$/W)
51%
42%
$13.37
$4.77
Average installed prices of U.S. PV systems
in 2000 and 2013, in real $/W
Characteris1cs of Low-Priced Solar Photovoltaic Systems in the United States, Gregory F. Nemet, Eric O’Shaughnessy,
Ryan Wiser et al, LBNL-1004062, Jan. 2016
155. 02 WHAT SERVICES CAN BATTERIES PROVIDE TO THE ELECTRICITY GRID?
TABLE 1: ISO / RTO SERVICES
SERVICE NAME DEFINITION
Energy Arbitrage
The purchase of wholesale electricity while the locational marginal price (LMP) of energy is low (typically
during nighttime hours) and sale of electricity back to the wholesale market when LMPs are highest.
Load following, which manages the difference between day-ahead scheduled generator output, actual
generator output, and actual demand, is treated as a subset of energy arbitrage in this report.
Frequency Regulation
Frequency regulation is the immediate and automatic response of power to a change in locally sensed
system frequency, either from a system or from elements of the system.1
Regulation is required to
ensure that system-wide generation is perfectly matched with system-level load on a moment-by-
moment basis to avoid system-level frequency spikes or dips, which create grid instability.
Spin/Non-Spin
Reserves
Spinning reserve is the generation capacity that is online and able to serve load immediately in
response to an unexpected contingency event, such as an unplanned generation outage. Non-
spinning reserve is generation capacity that can respond to contingency events within a short period,
typically less than ten minutes, but is not instantaneously available.
Voltage Support
Voltage regulation ensures reliable and continuous electricity flow across the power grid. Voltage on
the transmission and distribution system must be maintained within an acceptable range to ensure
that both real and reactive power production are matched with demand.
Black Start
In the event of a grid outage, black start generation assets are needed to restore operation to larger
power stations in order to bring the regional grid back online. In some cases, large power stations are
themselves black start capable.
ISO/RTOSERVICES
The other set of utility services is comprised of resource
adequacy and transmission congestion relief.
UTILITY SERVICES
Utility services generally fall into two categories. One
set of services—transmission- and distribution-system
ISO / RTO SERVICES
Fitzgerald, Garre,, James Mandel, Jesse Morris, and Hervé Toua1. The Economics of BaAery Energy Storage: How mulH-use, customer-sited
baAeries deliver the most services and value to customers and the grid. Rocky Mountain Ins1tute, September 2015. <<h,p://www.rmi.org/
electricity_ba,ery_value>>
156. UTILITY SERVICES
on-site consumption of distributed solar photovoltaics
(PV), generates savings by optimizing load against a
time-of-use rate, or reduces a building’s peak demand
charge, it is effectively smoothing the load profile of
the building where it is deployed. A smoother, less
peaky load profile is much easier and less costly to
match up with the output of centralized generating
TABLE 2: UTILITY SERVICES
SERVICE NAME DEFINITION
Resource Adequacy
Instead of investing in new natural gas combustion turbines to meet generation requirements during
peak electricity-consumption hours, grid operators and utilities can pay for other assets, including
energy storage, to incrementally defer or reduce the need for new generation capacity and minimize
the risk of overinvestment in that area.
Distribution Deferral
Delaying, reducing the size of, or entirely avoiding utility investments in distribution system upgrades
necessary to meet projected load growth on specific regions of the grid.
Transmission
Congestion Relief
ISOs charge utilities to use congested transmission corridors during certain times of the day. Assets
including energy storage can be deployed downstream of congested transmission corridors to
discharge during congested periods and minimize congestion in the transmission system.
Transmission Deferral
Delaying, reducing the size of, or entirely avoiding utility investments in transmission system
upgrades necessary to meet projected load growth on specific regions of the grid.
UTILITYSERVICES
02 WHAT SERVICES CAN BATTERIES PROVIDE TO THE ELECTRICITY GRID?
CUSTOMER SERVICES
Customer services like bill management provide
direct benefits to end users. Accordingly, the value
created by these services can only be captured when
storage is deployed behind the meter. Table 3 defines
these customer-facing services.
Fitzgerald, Garre,, James Mandel, Jesse Morris, and Hervé Toua1. The Economics of BaAery Energy Storage: How mulH-use, customer-sited
baAeries deliver the most services and value to customers and the grid. Rocky Mountain Ins1tute, September 2015. <<h,p://www.rmi.org/
electricity_ba,ery_value>>
157. CUSTOMER SERVICES
ROC
KY MOUN
TAIN
INSTITUTE
THE ECONOMICS OF BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE | 16
peaky load profile is much easier and less costly to
match up with the output of centralized generating
assets. This is why price signals such as peak demand
charges and time-of-use pricing exist: to incent end
users to alter their metered load profile in a way that
lowers overall system production costs.
TABLE 3: CUSTOMER SERVICES
SERVICE NAME DEFINITION
Time-of-Use Bill
Management
By minimizing electricity purchases during peak electricity-consumption hours when time-of-use
(TOU) rates are highest and shifting these purchase to periods of lower rates, behind-the-meter
customers can use energy storage systems to reduce their bill.
Increased PV Self-
Consumption
Minimizing export of electricity generated by behind-the-meter photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize
the financial benefit of solar PV in areas with utility rate structures that are unfavorable to distributed
PV (e.g., non-export tariffs).
Demand Charge
Reduction
In the event of grid failure, energy storage paired with a local generator can provide backup power at
multiple scales, ranging from second-to-second power quality maintenance for industrial operations
to daily backup for residential customers.
Backup Power
In the event of grid failure, energy storage paired with a local generator can provide backup power at
multiple scales, ranging from second-to-second power quality maintenance for industrial operations
to daily backup for residential customers.
CUSTOMERSERVICES
these customer-facing services.
The monetary value of these services flows directly to
behind-the-meter customers. However, the provision
of these services creates benefits for ISOs/RTOs and
utilities, as well. When energy storage either maximizes
Fitzgerald, Garre,, James Mandel, Jesse Morris, and Hervé Toua1. The Economics of BaAery Energy Storage: How mulH-use, customer-sited
baAeries deliver the most services and value to customers and the grid. Rocky Mountain Ins1tute, September 2015. <<h,p://www.rmi.org/
electricity_ba,ery_value>>
158. ROC
KY MOUN
TAIN
INSTITUTE
THE ECONOMICS OF BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE | 6
behind the meter, at the distribution level, or at the
transmission level. Energy storage deployed at all levels
on the electricity system can add value to the grid.
However, customer-sited, behind-the-meter energy
the electricity system as possible when examining
the economics of energy storage and analyze how
those economics change depending on where energy
storage is deployed on the grid.
FIGURE ES2
BATTERIES CAN PROVIDE
UP TO 13 SERVICES TO THREE
STAKEHOLDER GROUPS
ISO
/RTOSERVICES
CUSTOMERSERVICES
UTILITY SERVICES
Backup Power
Increased
PV Self-
Consumption
Demand
Charge
Reduction
Energy
Arbitrage
Spin /
Non-Spin
Reserve
Frequency
Regulation
Voltage
Support
Resource
Adequacy
Transmission
Congestion Relief
Transmission
Deferral
Distribution
Deferral
Time-of-Use
Bill
Management
Service not
possible
Service not
possible
DISTRIBUTED
TRANSMISSION
DISTRIBUTION
BEHIND THE METER
CENTRALIZED
Black
Start
166. Interstate Natural Gas Associa1on of America asserts that
more than $313 billion in mid-stream gas infrastructure (e.g., gas pipelines)
will be needed by 2035.
of economic activity does not bode well for energy use, leading to reduced electric load growth and
lower levels of industrial production that adversely affect natural gas consumption for power generation
and in the petrochemical sector. As a result, total gas use in the low-growth case is about 15 Bcfd, or
about 15 percent lower than the base case. Gas use rises to roughly 91 Bcfd by 2035, versus
approximately 106 Bcfd in the base case.10
Although not shown in the figure below, liquids market
growth also is significantly lower in this low-growth case, and U.S. refinery runs are down modestly
compared with the base case levels.
U.S. and Canadian Gas Consumption (Average Annual Bcfd)
10
220. 1
WIND AND WATER POWER TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
2014 Wind Technologies
Market Report: Summary
Ryan Wiser & Mark Bolinger
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
August 2015
221. 8
• Global wind additions reached a new high in 2014
• U.S. remains a distant second to China in cumulative capacity
• U.S. led the world in wind energy production in 2014
The U.S. Placed 3rd in Annual Wind Power
Capacity Additions in 2014
Annual Capacity
(2014, MW)
Cumulative Capacity
(end of 2014, MW)
China 23,300 China 114,760
Germany 5,119 United States 65,877
United States 4,854 Germany 39,223
Brazil 2,783 India 22,904
India 2,315 Spain 22,665
Canada 1,871 United Kingdom 12,413
United Kingdom 1,467 Canada 9,684
Sweden 1,050 France 9,170
France 1,042 Italy 8,556
Turkey 804 Brazil 6,652
Rest of World 6,625 Rest of World 60,208
TOTAL 51,230 TOTAL 372,112
Source: Navigant; AWEA project database for U.S. capacity
222. 9
U.S. Lagging Other Countries in Wind As a
Percentage of Electricity Consumption
Note: Figure only includes the countries with the most installed wind
power capacity at the end of 2014
223. 10
Geographic Spread of Wind Projects in the
United States Is Reasonably Broad
Note: Numbers within states represent cumulative installed wind capacity and, in brackets, annual additions in 2014
224. 11
Texas Installed the Most Capacity in 2014;
9 States Exceed 12% Wind Energy
• Texas has more than twice
as much wind capacity as
any other state
• 23 states had >500 MW of
capacity at end of 2014
(16 > 1 GW, 10 > 2 GW)
• 2 states have >25% of
total in-state generation
from wind (9 states > 12%)
Installed Capacity (MW)
Percentage of
In-State Generation
Annual (2014) Cumulative (end of 2014) Actual (2014)*
Texas 1,811 Texas 14,098 Iowa 28.5%
Oklahoma 648 California 5,917 South Dakota 25.3%
Iowa 511 Iowa 5,688 Kansas 21.7%
Michigan 368 Oklahoma 3,782 Idaho 18.3%
Nebraska 277 Illinois 3,568 North Dakota 17.6%
Washington 267 Oregon 3,153 Oklahoma 16.9%
Colorado 261 Washington 3,075 Minnesota 15.9%
North Dakota 205 Minnesota 3,035 Colorado 13.6%
Indiana 201 Kansas 2,967 Oregon 12.7%
California 107 Colorado 2,593 Texas 9.0%
Minnesota 48 North Dakota 1,886 Wyoming 8.9%
Maryland 40 New York 1,748 Maine 8.3%
New Mexico 35 Indiana 1,745 New Mexico 7.0%
New York 26 Michigan 1,531 California 7.0%
Montana 20 Wyoming 1,410 Nebraska 6.9%
South Dakota 20 Pennsylvania 1,340 Montana 6.5%
Maine 9 Idaho 973 Washington 6.3%
Ohio 0.9 New Mexico 812 Hawaii 5.9%
Massachusetts 0.6 Nebraska 812 Illinois 5.0%
South Dakota 803 Vermont 4.4%
Rest of U.S. 0 Rest of U.S. 4,941 Rest of U.S. 0.9%
TOTAL 4,854 TOTAL 65,877 TOTAL 4.4%
* Based on 2014 wind and total generation by state from EIA’s Electric Power Monthly.
225. 13
Interconnection Queues Demonstrate that
a Substantial Amount of Wind Is Under
Consideration
Wind represented 30% of capacity in sampled 35 queues
But absolute amount of wind (and coal & nuclear) in
sampled queues has declined in recent years whereas
natural gas and solar capacity has increased
Not all of this
capacity will
be built .
• AWEA reports 13.6 GW of capacity under construction after 1Q2015
226. 14
Larger Amounts of Wind Planned for
Texas, Midwest, Southwest Power Pool,
PJM, and Northwest
Not all of this capacity will be built .
227. 20
Imports of Wind Equipment Are Sizable;
Exports Continue to Grow Slowly
• Figure only includes tracked trade categories; misses other wind-related imports
• See full report for the assumptions used to generate this figure
U.S. is a net importer
of wind equipment
Exports of wind-
powered generating
sets increased
modestly in 2014 to
$488 billion; no ability
to track other wind-
specific exports, but
total tower exports
equalled $116 million
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2006
2457 MW
2007
5253 MW
2008
8362 MW
2009
10005 MW
2010
5216 MW
2011
6820 MW
2012
13131 MW
2013
1087 MW
2014
4854 MW
Billion2014$US
Other wind-related equipment (est.)
Wind generators (2012-2014)
Wind blades and hubs (2012-2014)
Towers (estimated through 2010)
Wind-powered generating sets
US Imports:
Exports of Wind-Powered
Generating Sets
228. 24
The Project Finance Environment
Remained Strong in 2014
• Project sponsors raised $5.8 billion of tax equity (largest single-year
amount on record) and $2.7 billion of debt in 2014
• Tax equity yields held steady, while debt interest rates trended lower
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13 Jan-14 Jan-15
Tax Equity Yield (after-tax)
15-Year Debt Interest Rate (after-tax)
15-Year Debt Interest Rate (pre-tax)
229. 26
Long-Term Contracted Sales to Utilities
Remained the Most Common Off-Take
Arrangement, but Merchant Projects
Continued to Expand, at Least in Texas
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
On-Site
Power Marketer
Merchant/Quasi-Merchant
POU
IOU
%ofCumulativeInstalledCapacity
Merchant:
1,613 MW
(33%)
On-Site:
23 MW
(0.5%)
IOU:
2,497 MW
(51%)
POU:
720 MW
(15%)
2014 Capacity by
Off-Take Category
• Recently announced wind purchases of ~2 GW from technology companies
and business giants to hospitals, universities, and government agencies
231. 35
Even Controlling for These Factors,
Average Capacity Factors for Projects
Built After 2005 Have Been Stagnant,
Averaging 32% to 35% Nationwide
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
1998-99
25
921
2000-01
27
1,760
2002-03
38
1,988
2004-05
28
3,652
2006
20
1,708
2007
37
5,282
2008
79
8,498
2009
96
9,578
2010
48
4,733
2011
68
5,917
2012
117
13,533
2013
8
969
Weighted Average (by project vintage)
Individual Project (by project vintage)
2014CapacityFactor(byprojectvintage)
Sample includes 591 projects totaling 58.5 GW
Vintage:
# projects:
# MW:
232. 38
Controlling for Wind Resource Quality and
Commercial Operation Date Demonstrates
Impact of Turbine Evolution
Notwithstanding build-out of lower-quality wind resource sites, turbine design changes
are driving capacity factors higher for projects located in given wind resource regimes
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
1998-992000-012002-032004-05 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Project Vintage
Highest Wind Resource Quality
Higher Wind Resource Quality
Medium Wind Resource Quality
Lower Wind Resource Quality
Weighted-Avg.RealizedCapacityFactorin2014
233. 39
Regional Variations in Capacity Factors
Reflect the Strength of the Wind Resource
and Adoption of New Turbine Technology
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
West
32 projects
3,938 MW
Northeast
15 projects
1,147 MW
Great Lakes
18 projects
2,109 MW
Interior
59 projects
7,253 MW
Weighted Average (by region)
Weighted Average (total U.S.)
Individual Project (by region)
2014CapacityFactor
Sample includes 124 projects built in 2012-13 and totaling 14.4 GW
235. 50
A Smoother Look at the Time Trend Shows
Steep Decline in Pricing Since 2009;
Especially Low Pricing in Interior Region
$0
$10
$20
$30
$40
$50
$60
$70
$80
$90
$100
1996-99
10
553
2000-01
17
1,249
2002-03
24
1,382
2004-05
30
2,190
2006
30
2,311
2007
26
1,781
2008
39
3,465
2009
49
4,048
2010
48
4,642
2011
42
4,572
2012
14
985
2013
26
3,674
2014
13
1,768
AverageLevelizedPPAPrice(Real2014$/MWh)
Nationwide Interior
Great Lakes West
Northeast
PPA Year:
Contracts:
MW:
236. 51
Relative Competitiveness of Wind Power
Improved in 2014: Comparison to
Wholesale Electricity Prices
• Wholesale price range reflects flat block of power across 23 pricing nodes across the U.S.
• Price comparison shown here is far from perfect – see full report for caveats
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2003
9
570
2004
13
547
2005
17
1,643
2006
30
2,311
2007
26
1,781
2008
39
3,465
2009
49
4,048
2010
48
4,642
2011
42
4,572
2012
14
985
2013
26
3,674
2014
13
1,768
2014$/MWh
Nationwide Wholesale Power Price Range (by calendar year)
Generation-Weighted Average Levelized Wind PPA Price (by year of PPA execution)
Wind project sample includes projects
with PPAs signed from 2003-2014
PPA year:
Contracts:
MW:
237. 52
Comparison Between Wholesale Prices
and Wind PPA Prices Varies by Region
Notes: Wind PPAs
included are those
signed from 2012-
2014. Within a
region there are a
range of wholesale
prices because
multiple price hubs
exist in each area;
price comparison
shown here is far
from perfect – see
full report for
caveats
Wind PPA prices most competitive with wholesale
prices in the Interior region
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Interior
37 projects
5,275 MW
Great Lakes
10 projects
755 MW
Northeast
1 project
69 MW
West
5 projects
329 MW
Total US
53 projects
6,427 MW
Average 2014 Wholesale Power Price Range
Individual Project Levelized Wind PPA Price
Generation-Weighted Average Levelized Wind PPA Price
Wind project sample includes projects with PPAs signed in 2012-2014
2014$/MWh
238. 53
Recent Wind Prices Are Hard to Beat:
Competitive with Expected Future Cost of
Burning Fuel in Natural Gas Plants
Price comparison shown here is far from perfect – see full report for caveats
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
Range of AEO15 gas price projections
AEO15 reference case gas price projection
Wind 2012 PPA execution (985 MW, 14 contracts)
Wind 2013 PPA execution (3,674 MW, 26 contracts)
Wind 2014 PPA execution (1,768 MW, 13 contracts)
2014$/MWh
239. 57
State Policies Help Direct the Location
and Amount of Wind Development, but
Current Policies Cannot Support
Continued Growth at Recent Levels
• 29 states and D.C.
have mandatory
RPS programs
• State RPS’ can
support ~4-5 GW/yr
of renewable energy
additions on average
through 2025 (less
for wind specifically)
Source: Berkeley Lab
NV: 25% by 2025
TX: 5,880 MW by 2015
ME: 40% by 2017
NH: 24.8% by 2025
VT: 75% by 2032
MA: 11.1% by 2009
+1%/yr
RI: 16% by 2019
CT: 23% by 2020
DE: 25% by 2025
NJ: 22.5% by 2020
DC: 20% by 2020
MD: 20% by 2022
NC: 12.5% by 2021
(IOUs), 10% by 2018
(co-ops and munis)
AZ: 15% by 2025
NM: 20% by 2020 (IOUs)
10% by 2020 (co-ops)
CA: 33% by 2020
MN: 26.5% by 2025
Xcel: 31.5% by 2020
WI: 10% by 2015
IA: 105 MW by 1999
IL: 25% by 2025
MO: 15% by 2021
HI: 100% by 2045
NY: 30% by 2015
PA: 8.5% by 2020
MI: 10% by 2015
OH: 12.5% by 2026
CO: 30% by 2020 (IOUs)
20% by 2020 (co-ops)
10% by 2020 (munis)
MT: 15% by 2015WA: 15% by 2020
OR: 25% by 2025
(large utilities)
5-10% by 2025
(smaller utilities)
240. 58
Solid Progress on Overcoming
Transmission Barriers Continued
• Over 2,000 circuit miles of new transmission built in 2014; lower than 2013
but consistent with 2009-2012
• 22,000 additional circuit miles proposed by March 2017, with half having a
high probability of completion
• AWEA has identified 18 near-term transmission projects that – if all were
completed – could carry 55-60 GW of additional wind power capacity
• FERC continued to
implement Order 1000,
requiring public utility
transmission providers to
improve planning
processes and determine a
cost allocation
methodology for new
transmission investments
241. 59
System Operators Are Implementing
Methods to Accommodate Increased
Penetrations of Wind
Notes: Because methods vary and a consistent set of operational impacts has not been
included in each study, results from the different analyses of integration costs are not fully
comparable. There has been some recent literature questioning the methods used to estimate
wind integration costs and the ability to disentangle those costs explicitly, while also highlighting
the fact that other generating options also impose integration challenges and costs.
Integrating wind
energy into
power systems
is manageable,
but not free of
additional costs
$0
$2
$4
$6
$8
$10
$12
$14
$16
$18
$20
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
IntegrationCost($/MWh)
Wind Penetration (Capacity Basis)
APS (2007)
Avista (2007)
BPA (2009) [a]
BPA (2011) [a]
BPA (2013)
CA RPS (2006) [b]
ERCOT (2012)
EWITS (2010)
Idaho Power (2007)
Idaho Power (2012)
MN-MISO (2006) [c]
Nebraska (2010)
NorthWestern (2012)
Pacificorp (2005)
Pacificorp (2007)
PacifiCorp (2010)
PacifiCorp (2012)
PacifCorp (2014)
Portland GE (2011)
Portland GE (2013)
Puget Sound Energy (2007)
SPP-SERC (2011)
We Energies (2003)
Xcel-MNDOC (2004)
Xcel-PSCo (2006)
Xcel-PSCo (2008)
Xcel-PSCo (2011) [d]
Xcel-UWIG (2003)
242. 61
Sizable Wind Additions Anticipated for
2015 & 2016; Downturn and Increased
Uncertainty in 2017 and Beyond
Wind additions in 2014 and anticipated additions from 2017-2020 fall
below the deployment trajectory analyzed in DOE’s Wind Vision report
243. 62
Current Low Prices for Wind, Future
Technological Advancement and New EPA
Regulations May Support Higher Growth
in Future, but Headwinds Include
• Lack of clarity about fate of federal tax incentives
• Continued low natural gas and wholesale electricity prices
• Modest electricity demand growth
• Limited near-term demand from state RPS policies
• Inadequate transmission infrastructure in some areas
• Growing competition from solar in some regions