The document discusses sustainable community development with a focus on energy services and their critical role in alleviating poverty, improving living conditions, and shaping urban design. It emphasizes the need for modern energy access, particularly in developing countries, and highlights the integration of energy systems with urban infrastructure to achieve sustainability. The author outlines the challenges and solutions required to create an efficient energy system with low greenhouse gas emissions, advocating for a combination of technologies, research, policies, and cooperation.

1. Sustainable Community Development: some thoughts Global Partnership Workshop: Research in Sustainable Community Development Center for Latin American Studies University of Pittsburg April 13-14 2007 Prof. Gilberto M. Jannuzzi University of Campinas and International Energy Initiative

2. Contents Energy as a cross cutting issue: urban and rural development Basic needs, poverty alleviation and sustainability Energy shaping future urban design Challenges

3. Sustainable Urban Development?

4. Electricity consumption around the world From: Modi et. al. (2005)

5. Population without electricity access in developing regions up to 2030 From: Modi et. al. (2005)

6. Human Development Index (UN HDR, 2004) vs. Annual Per Capita Commercial Energy Consumption For the poorest countries small increments in energy services boost significantly their living conditions From: Modi et. al. (2005)

7. Traditional fuels consumption From: Modi et. al. (2005)

8. Population without access to modern cooking fuels From: Modi et. al. (2005)

9. Brazil: The saturation levels of LPG (% total HH)

10. Evolution of LPG demand: total and average per capita consumption (1990=100) Oil sector de-regulation Ends LPG uniform pricing, subsidies and government control (partial and gradual)

11. Gender: time spent and transport burden Highest burden on women: firewood, water collection

12. Challenges Modern energy services needed! 1 billion people without electricity 2 billion people without clean cooking fuels We have the technologies and $ to solve the above!!! Increasing urbanization in developing countries Increasing demand for “energy services” (direct and indirect), leisure, mobility Serious implications: space design and climate change Examples of implications to developing countries: World’s demand for goods drives China’s growing energy demand and GHGs emissions World’s demand for biofuels and bio-trade may distort developing countries domestic needs

13. Aiming at sustainable energy system affects spatial design Source: Moffatt (2007)

14. Aiming at spatial design affects future energy system Source: Moffatt (2007)

15. Regional Systems Building Stock Transportation Systems Natural Gas Electricity Agriculture ICT Ecosystems Security Industry Land Use Roads Sewerage Waste Housing Parks Lighting Transit Water Municipal Services Office Buildings Environmental Management System Fleet Mgt. Purchasing Corporate Operations

16. Energy from “underground” -> Small spatial claims Source: Moffatt (2007)

17. Future energy supply increasingly surface bound -> Large spatial claims Source: Moffatt (2007)

18. Elements: Fire , Water, Soil, Air Solar potential Source: Moffatt (2007)

19. Elements: Fire, Water , Soil, Air Water potential Source: Moffatt (2007)

20. Elements: Fire, Water, Soil , Air Subsoil potential

21. Elements: Fire, Water, Soil, Air Wind potential Source: Moffatt (2007)

22. Elements: Fire, Water, Soil, Air Biomass potential

23. Potential mix: Fire, Water, Soil, Air Source: Moffatt (2007)

24. Integration of energy-scape with landscape Source: Moffatt (2007)

25. Integration of energy systems with all other urban systems Source: Moffatt (2007) Storm Water

26. Distributed, Clustered, Interconnected, Integrated, Adaptable, Low-impact, Service-Oriented, Multipurpose Source: Moffatt (2007)

27. Multi-fuel Multi-modal Alternative Energy & Transportation Hub Source: Moffatt (2007)

28. Summing up Daunting task!! But possible. Technologies, more R&D, more $ Combination public policies & market mechanisms Cooperation and integration Sustainability means several things: Fight poverty increase material development Increase future energy security Guarantee “basic needs” What other needs are “basic”? Challenge: efficient system with net low or no GHGs emissions The build environment is key contributor towards a more sustainable energy system Sustainable lifestyle to all

29. References Moffatt, S. “Urban Efficiency: case study” presented at the Workshop Scaling-up Energy Efficiency: Bridging the Action Gap. International Energy Agency, Paris, 2-3 April 2007. see also http://www.bridgingtothefuture.org/ Fulkerson, W., M. D. Levine, et al. (2005). "Sustainable, efficient electricity service for one billion people." Energy for Sustainable Development IX(2): 26-34. Modi, V., S. McDade, et al. (2005). “Energy Services for the Millennium Development Goals”. New York, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank/ESMAP, United Nations Development Programme: 116. Jannuzzi, G. M. and G. A. Sanga (2004). "LPG subsidies in Brazil: an estimate." Energy for Sustainable Development VIII(3): 127-129. Goldemberg, J., T. Johansson, et al. (2004). "A global clean cooking fuel initiative." Energy for Sustainable Development VIII(3): 5-12.

30. Thank you! [email_address] www.fem.unicamp.br/~jannuzzi