Rum is a distilled alcoholic beverage made from sugarcane byproducts like molasses through fermentation and distillation. It originated in the Caribbean and Latin America. The production process involves fermenting the sugarcane material, distilling the fermented mash in pot stills or column stills, and aging the distillate in barrels or tanks. Rum was popular in Colonial America and the triangular trade helped support the demand. While rum had positive health effects, overconsumption was common and contributed to alcoholism. Today, American craft rum production focuses on quality ingredients and traditions.

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Claire Gui H4
Elite Preparatory Academy

2. What is Rum?
• Rum is a distilled alcoholic beverage made from
sugarcane byproducts, such as molasses, by a
process of fermentation and distillation.
• The majority of the production occurs in the
Caribbean and Latin America.
• Rums are produced in various grades.
(Light rums VS "golden" and "dark" rums)
• Cultural importance
?

3. The process of making rum
• Unlike some other spirits, rum has NO defined
production methods. Instead, rum production is based
on traditional styles that vary between locations and
distillers.
• There are 3 important routes:
• Fermentation
• Distillation
• Aging and blending

4. 1st: Fermentation
• A rum's quality is dependent on
the quality and variety of the
sugar cane that was used to
create it.
• The sugar cane's quality
depends on the soil type and
climate that it was grown in.
Within the Caribbean, much of
this molasses is from Brazil.
• A notable exception is the
French-speaking islands, where
sugarcane juice is the preferred
base ingredient.

5. 1st: Fermentation
• Yeast and water are added to the base ingredient to start the
fermentation process. Most rum producers use specific strains of
yeast to help provide a consistent taste and predictable
fermentation time.
• Distillers who make lighter rums, such
as Bacardi (rum in Cuba), prefer to use
faster-working yeasts.
• Use of slower-working yeasts causes
more esters to accumulate during
fermentation, allowing for a fuller-
tasting rum.
• Fermentation products like 2-ethyl-3-
methyl butyric acid and esters like
ethyl butanoate and ethyl hexanoate
give rise to the sweet and fruitiness of
rum.

6. 2nd: Distillation
• As with all other aspects of
rum production, no
standard method is used
for distillation. While some
producers work in batches
using pot stills, most rum
production is done using
column still distillation. Pot
still output contains more
congeners than the output
from column stills, so
produces fuller-tasting rums.

7. 3rd: Aging and blending
• Many countries require rum to be aged for at least
one year. This aging is commonly performed in
used bourbon casks, but may also be performed in
wooden casks or stainless steel tanks.
• The aging process determines the color of the rum.
When aged in oak casks, it becomes dark; while
being aged in stainless steel tanks,it remains
virtually colorless.
• Due to the tropical climate, rum matures at a much
higher rate than is typical for whisky or brandy.
• After aging, rum is normally blended to ensure a
consistent flavor. Blending is the final step in the
rum-making process.
• Light rums may be filtered to remove any color
gained during aging. For darker rums, caramel may
be added to adjust the color of the final product.

8. Rum consumed in American history
After rum's development in the Caribbean in the 17th century, the
drink's popularity spread to Colonial North America. The first rum
distillery in the British colonies of North America was set up in 1664
on present-day Staten Island. Boston, Massachusetts had a distillery
three years later.
The manufacture of rum became early Colonial New England's
largest and most prosperous industry. New England became a
distilling center due to the technical, metalworking and cooperage
skills and abundant lumber; the rum produced there was lighter, more
like whiskey.
Rhode Island rum even joined gold as an accepted currency in
Europe for a period of time.
Estimates of rum consumption in the American colonies before the
American Revolutionary War had every man, woman, or child
drinking an average of 3 imperial gallons of rum each year.

9. Rum consumed in American history
To support this demand for the molasses to produce rum, along with
the increasing demand for sugar in Europe during the 17th and 18th
centuries, a labor source to work the sugar plantations in the
Caribbean was needed.
A triangular trade was established between Africa, the Caribbean,
and the colonies to help support this need. The exchange of slaves,
molasses, and rum was quite profitable, and the disruption to the
trade caused by the Sugar Act in 1764 may have even helped cause
the American Revolution.
In the slave trade, rum was also used as a medium of exchange. For
example, the slave Venture Smith, had been purchased in Africa for
four gallons of rum plus a piece of calico.
The popularity of rum continued after the American Revolution, with
George Washington insisting on a barrel of Barbados rum at his 1789
inauguration.

10. Rum in political system
• Candidates attempted to
influence the outcome of
an election through their
generosity with rum. The
people would attend the
hustings to see which
candidate appeared
more generous.
• The candidate was
expected to drink with the
people to show he was
independent and truly a
republican.

11. Effects on human body
• Positive
• Prolongs Life
• Great For the Heart
• Fights Muscle Pain
• Prevents osteoporosis
• Help Keep Away Common Cold
• Prevent Alzheimer’s Disease
• Reduces Anxiety
• Prevent Cancer
• Negative
• Diarrhea; nausea; stomach discomfort;
vomiting;
• Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives;
itching; difficulty breathing; tightness
in the chest; swelling of the mouth,
face, lips, or tongue);
• chest pain; irregular heartbeat;
listlessness; numbness or tingling in
your skin, lips, hands, or feet; severe
nausea or vomiting; unusual confusion
or anxiety; unusual muscle weakness
or paralysis; weak or heavy legs.

12. Rum Institutions
• The Rum University is the world's leading training
institution for members of the rum industry. Courses are
offered in the USA and in select foreign countries, Some
courses are offered to the general public, others are for
the industry only.
• Royal Naval Tot Club in English Harbour, Antigua

13. Rum in society today
• Today, American rum is undergoing a resurgence, with distilleries focusing
on high-quality ingredients and traditional techniques.
• Many of these distilleries work in small batches using locally-sourced
ingredients. Many are family-owned. Many painstakingly distill their spirits
using a blend of traditional and modern techniques. All take pride in crafting
the best rums available.

14. Rum & Tax/Profit
• Rum falls under a federal excise tax of $13.25 per proof-gallon
• In 2008 the U.S. Virgin Islands subsidized rum producer Diageo’s move to the
island. Totaling an estimated $2.7 billion over 30 years, the subsidies include: a new
$165 million distillery, “market support payments” to keep prices low for molasses,
35 percent of what Diageo spends on advertising, a 90 percent income tax break,
exemption from property taxes, environmental mitigation supports, and 47.5 percent
of all tax revenue collected on Captain Morgan rum. By one estimate, Diageo’s net
cost to produce rum is zero.
• A 1984 law capped the cover-over of the rum tax at $10.50 per proof-gallon, but
since 1993 temporary tax extender legislation has removed this cap.
• In 2012, the U.S. Virgin Islands received $256 million and Puerto Rico received
$376 million.

15. Affect overall
History Today
positive Brought the profits for
American government.
NewEngland was the
largest industry of rum.
Rhode Island rum even
joined gold as an accepted
currency in Europe for a
period of time.
There are some good
effects on human body
including preventing
heartattack,prolong life
and so on.
Rum is also a drink that
is good for party. There
are different types of ru
today.
negative Alcohol addicted.
Estimates of rum
consumption had an
average of 3 imperial
gallons of rum each year.
There are some
negative effects
including nausea and
stomach discomfort.
Alcohol addicted.

16. Sources/Bibliography
• http://www.instructables.com/id/Making-Rum-From-Scratch/
• https://www.clawhammersupply.com/blogs/moonshine-still-blog/6973828-rum-
recipe-how-to-make-rum
• http://foodtofitness.com/rum-health-benefits/
• http://ppcorn.com/us/2016/03/28/rum-top-8-unbelievable-health-benefits/
• https://www.drugs.com/sfx/rum-k-side-effects.html
• http://www.rumuniversity.com/
• https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g147244-d591476-Reviews-
Royal_Naval_Tot_Club-
English_Harbour_Saint_Paul_Parish_Antigua_Antigua_and_Barbuda.html
• https://taxfoundation.org/rum-taxes-and-perverse-incentives/
• https://www.forbes.com/sites/sethporges/2012/11/29/7-things-you-probably-didnt-
know-about-rum/#592051f25bbf

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