Rotavirus is a major cause of diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. It spreads easily between people through the fecal-oral route. Diagnosis is made through enzyme immunoassays detecting the virus in stool samples. Treatment focuses on fluid replacement through oral rehydration therapy. Two oral rotavirus vaccines provide protection against the most common strains causing infection. Development of an indigenous rotavirus vaccine called Rotavac could help reduce the 100,000 annual child deaths from rotavirus in India.