The document provides an overview of trends in Early Modern European Art from the 15th to 18th centuries. It discusses several major artistic movements during this period including Renaissance art, Mannerism, Baroque art, Neoclassicism, Rococo, and provides brief biographies of influential artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Rembrandt, and Johann Sebastian Bach. The document aims to indicate the rich artistic treasures produced during the Early Modern period in Europe.

1. EARLY MODERN EUROPEAN ARTEARLY MODERN EUROPEAN ART
The short musical string replaying
in the background has been taken
from the Religious Cantatas
written in Baroque style by the
great German composer--Johann
Sebas- tian Bach (1685-1750).`
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2. Trends in Early Modern European ArtTrends in Early Modern European Art
The early modern period inThe early modern period in
Europe witnessed anEurope witnessed an
efflorescence of the arts inefflorescence of the arts in
almost all its genres. Thealmost all its genres. The
very mention of names suchvery mention of names such
as Leonardo da Vinci,as Leonardo da Vinci,
Michelangelo and Rembra-Michelangelo and Rembra-
ndt etc is sufficient tondt etc is sufficient to
indicate the nature of artindicate the nature of art
treasures which the periodtreasures which the period
has bequeathed for poster-has bequeathed for poster-
ity. The principal trends ofity. The principal trends of
the period were: Humanismthe period were: Humanism
((Renaissance Art)Renaissance Art),, Manner-Manner-
ismism,, Baroque ArtBaroque Art,, ClassicismClassicism
andand RococoRococo..
Mona Lisa by Leonardo da VinciMona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci
Trends and Chronology
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3. Early Renaissance ArtEarly Renaissance Art
 Early Renaissance paint-
ing bridges the period of
European art history
between the art of the
Middle Ages and the art
of the Renaissance. Most
of the Early Renaissance
works in northern Euro-
pe were produced in the
fourteenth century.
Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and Wife by Jan van Eyck (1434).
Features Artists
Works Copyright

4. Renaissance ArtRenaissance Art
 As in other fields aAs in other fields a
parallel movement orparallel movement or
rebirth was also occurr-rebirth was also occurr-
ing in the arts in the earlying in the arts in the early
15th century in Florence-15th century in Florence-
an avant-garde, classic-an avant-garde, classic-
ising movement involvingising movement involving
many of the same closemany of the same close
community of people. Ascommunity of people. As
Latin was revived, so wasLatin was revived, so was
Latin art, architecture,Latin art, architecture,
sculpture and painting.sculpture and painting.
Raphael was famous for depicting illustrious figures of the Classical
past with the features of his Renaissance contemporaries. The School
of Athens (above) is perhaps the most extended study in this.
Features Artists
Works Copyright

5. MannerismMannerism
 Mannerism is the usualMannerism is the usual
term for an approach to allterm for an approach to all
the arts, a reaction to thethe arts, a reaction to the
High Renaissance. Man-High Renaissance. Man-
nerism emerged after thenerism emerged after the
Sack of Rome in 1527Sack of Rome in 1527
shook Renaissance confi-shook Renaissance confi-
dence, humanism anddence, humanism and
rationality to their found-rationality to their found-
ations. Mannerism isations. Mannerism is
manifested in variousmanifested in various
highly individual styleshighly individual styles
that react to the staticthat react to the static
clarity achieved in theclarity achieved in the
Roman art and archi-Roman art and archi-
tecture of the Hightecture of the High
Renaissance.Renaissance.
In Parmigianino's Madonna with the Long Neck (1534-
40)
Mannerism makes itself known by elongated
proportions,
affected poses, and eerie perspective.
Features
Works Copyright
Artists

6. BaroqueBaroque
 In the arts, Baroque isIn the arts, Baroque is
both a period and the styleboth a period and the style
that dominated it. Thethat dominated it. The
Baroque style usedBaroque style used
exaggerated motion andexaggerated motion and
clear, easily interpretedclear, easily interpreted
detail to produce drama,detail to produce drama,
tension, exuberance, andtension, exuberance, and
grandeur in sculpture,grandeur in sculpture,
painting, literature, andpainting, literature, and
music. The style startedmusic. The style started
around 1600 in Rome,around 1600 in Rome,
Italy and spread to most ofItaly and spread to most of
Europe.Europe.
Adoration, by Peter Paul Rubens. Dynamic figures spiral down
around a void: draperies blow: a whirl of movement lit in a shaft
of light, rendered in a free bravura handling of paint
Features Artists
Works Copyright

7. NeoclassicismNeoclassicism
 Neoclassicism is the name
given to quite distinct
movements in the decorative
and visual arts, literature,
theatre, music, and archi-
tecture. These movements
were in effect at various
times between the 18th and
20th centuries. During the
seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries however, French,
Dutch and English artists in
general resisted the Baroque
trends of Italy and Spain and
sought to revive the simpli-
city and harmony associated
with classical patterns as
reflected in the Versailles
architecture and Palladian
style etc.While classicizing: G. P. Pannini assembles the canon of Roman
sculpture into one vast imaginary gallery (1756)
CopyrightWorks
Features Artists

8. RococoRococo
 The Rococo style of artThe Rococo style of art
emerged in France in the earlyemerged in France in the early
18th century as a continuation18th century as a continuation
of the Baroque style. Inof the Baroque style. In
contrast to the heavier themescontrast to the heavier themes
and darker colors of theand darker colors of the
Baroque, the Rococo style wasBaroque, the Rococo style was
characterized by an opulence,characterized by an opulence,
grace, playfulness, and light-grace, playfulness, and light-
ness. Rococo motifs focusedness. Rococo motifs focused
on the carefree aristocraticon the carefree aristocratic
life and on lighthearted rom-life and on lighthearted rom-
ance rather than heroicance rather than heroic
battles or religious figures.battles or religious figures.
Le Dejeuner by Francois Boucher, demonstrates
elements of Rococo. (1739, Louvre)
Features Artists
Works Copyright

9. A Gallery Of ArtistsA Gallery Of Artists
 The early modern era in
Europe was witness to an
extraordinary concen-
tration of talent as a
succession of artists wor-
king in various media
produced works of classic
value throughout the
period. Some of the lead-
ing lights such as Leo-
nardo Da Vinci, Miche-
lalgelo, Mozart and Beeth-
oven are household na-
mes across the world.

10. Giotto di BondoneGiotto di Bondone
Giotto di Bondone (Colle diGiotto di Bondone (Colle di
Vespignano) was born nearVespignano) was born near
Florence in 1267 and diedFlorence in 1267 and died
in Florence in 1337). Betterin Florence in 1337). Better
known simply as Giotto, heknown simply as Giotto, he
was an Italian painter andwas an Italian painter and
architect. He is generallyarchitect. He is generally
considered the first in aconsidered the first in a
line of great artists who conline of great artists who con
tributed to and developedtributed to and developed
the Italian Renaissance.the Italian Renaissance.
Life Work
Appraisal Titbits
Statue of Giotto di Bondone, close to the Uffizi.

11. Filippo BrunelleschiFilippo Brunelleschi
Life
Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-
1446) was a great Florentine1446) was a great Florentine
architect of the Italianarchitect of the Italian
Renaissance. He was a scul-Renaissance. He was a scul-
ptor in a Florentine work-ptor in a Florentine work-
shop and was a member of theshop and was a member of the
goldsmiths' guild, althoughgoldsmiths' guild, although
his interest in mathematicshis interest in mathematics
led him to architecture. Bruneled him to architecture. Brune
lleschi is remembered as anlleschi is remembered as an
architect who established newarchitect who established new
classic canons of sereneclassic canons of serene
rhythms, clear geometry, andrhythms, clear geometry, and
symmetry, often using simplesymmetry, often using simple
materialsmaterials
Works
Appraisal Titbits Sculpture of Brunelleschi looking at the dome in
Florence

12. Piero della FrancescaPiero della Francesca
 Piero della Francesca wasPiero della Francesca was
an Italian artist of the Earlyan Italian artist of the Early
Renaissance. To contemp-Renaissance. To contemp-
oraries, he was known as aoraries, he was known as a
mathematician and geo-mathematician and geo-
meter as well as an artist,meter as well as an artist,
though now he is chieflythough now he is chiefly
appreciated for his art. Hisappreciated for his art. His
painting was characterizedpainting was characterized
by its serene humanism andby its serene humanism and
its use of geometric forms,its use of geometric forms,
particularly in relation toparticularly in relation to
perspective and foreshoperspective and foresho
rtening.rtening.
WorkLife
A self-portrait, detail of fresco

13. Hugo van der GoesHugo van der Goes

 Born in Ghent, Goes
entered the artists' guild
in 1467. He was later
elected dean of the guild.
Suffering from a mental
illness, he retired to the
Red Cloister near
Brussels around 1478 in
the hopes that living in
the monastery would help
him overcome his depr-
ession. He was consi-
dered a lay member of the
cloister. Van der Goes
attempted suicide in
1480, and died two years
later.Portrait of a Man. 1475 , Tempera on wood, 31,8 x 26,7
cmMetropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Life Works
Copyright

14. Jean FouquetJean Fouquet
 Jean Fouquet was born inJean Fouquet was born in
Tours. He is the mostTours. He is the most
representative and nationalrepresentative and national
French painter of the 15thFrench painter of the 15th
century. Of his life little iscentury. Of his life little is
known, but it is certain thatknown, but it is certain that
he was in Italy about 1437,he was in Italy about 1437,
and that upon his return toand that upon his return to
France, while retaining hisFrance, while retaining his
purely French sentiment, hepurely French sentiment, he
grafted the elements of thegrafted the elements of the
Tuscan style, which he hadTuscan style, which he had
acquired during his sojournacquired during his sojourn
in Italy, which was the basisin Italy, which was the basis
of early 15th-century Frenchof early 15th-century French
art, and thus became theart, and thus became the
founder of an important newfounder of an important new
school. He was court painterschool. He was court painter
to Louis XI.
Life Work
Appraisal Titbit
Self-Portrait. c. 1450. Louvre, Paris, France.

15. Giovanni BelliniGiovanni Bellini
Giovanni Bellini (c. 1430-1516) was aGiovanni Bellini (c. 1430-1516) was a
Venetian Renaissance painter,Venetian Renaissance painter,
probably the best known of theprobably the best known of the
Bellini family of painters. He isBellini family of painters. He is
considered to have revolutionizedconsidered to have revolutionized
Venetian painting, moving itVenetian painting, moving it
towards a more sensuous andtowards a more sensuous and
colouristic style. Through the use ofcolouristic style. Through the use of
clear, slow-drying oil paints,clear, slow-drying oil paints,
Giovanni created deep, rich tintsGiovanni created deep, rich tints
and detailed shadings. Hisand detailed shadings. His
sumptuous coloring and fluent,sumptuous coloring and fluent,
atmospheric landscapes had a greatatmospheric landscapes had a great
effect on the Venetian paintingeffect on the Venetian painting
school, especially on his pupilsschool, especially on his pupils
Giorgione and Titian.Giorgione and Titian.
Life Works
Appraisal
Giovanni Bellini. Doge Leonardo Loredan.
The National Gallery, London, UK.
Titbits

16. Sandro BotticelliSandro Botticelli
 Alessandro di MarianoAlessandro di Mariano
Filipepi, better known asFilipepi, better known as
Sandro Botticelli ("littleSandro Botticelli ("little
barrel") (March 1, 1445 –barrel") (March 1, 1445 –
May 17, 1510) was an ItalianMay 17, 1510) was an Italian
painter of the Florentinepainter of the Florentine
school during the Earlyschool during the Early
RenaissanceRenaissance
(Quattrocento ). Less than(Quattrocento ). Less than
a hundred years later, thisa hundred years later, this
movement, under themovement, under the
patronage of Lorenzo de'patronage of Lorenzo de'
Medici, was characterizedMedici, was characterized
by Giorgio Vasari as aby Giorgio Vasari as a
"golden age”."golden age”.
Appraisal
WorkLife
Titbits
Alleged self-portrait of Botticelli, in his Adoration of the
Magi.

17. Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci
 Leonardo di ser Piero da VinciLeonardo di ser Piero da Vinci
(April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519)(April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519)
was a talented Italianwas a talented Italian
Renaissance polymath: archi-Renaissance polymath: archi-
tect, anatomist, sculptor, engi-tect, anatomist, sculptor, engi-
neer, inventor, geometer,neer, inventor, geometer,
scientist, mathematician, musiscientist, mathematician, musi
cian, and painter. He has beencian, and painter. He has been
described as the archetype ofdescribed as the archetype of
the "Renaissance man", a manthe "Renaissance man", a man
infinitely curious and equallyinfinitely curious and equally
inventive. He is widely cons-inventive. He is widely cons-
idered to be one of the greatestidered to be one of the greatest
painters of all time and apainters of all time and a
universal genius.universal genius.
Life
Appraisal
Work
Titbits
Portrait in red chalk, circa 1512 to 1515, widely
accepted as a genuine self-portrait.

18. Raphael SanzioRaphael Sanzio
 Raphael or Raffaello (April 6,Raphael or Raffaello (April 6,
1483 – April 6, 1520), born in1483 – April 6, 1520), born in
Urbino, Italy, was a masterUrbino, Italy, was a master
painter and architect of thepainter and architect of the
Florentine school in theFlorentine school in the
Italian High Renaissance,Italian High Renaissance,
celebrated for the perfectioncelebrated for the perfection
and softness of his paintings.and softness of his paintings.
He was also called RaffaelloHe was also called Raffaello
Sanzio, Raffaello Santi,Sanzio, Raffaello Santi,
Raffaello da Urbino or RafaelRaffaello da Urbino or Rafael
Sanzio da Urbino.Sanzio da Urbino.
Appraisal
WorkLife
Titbits
Raffael Sanzio - self portait

19. Albrecht DurerAlbrecht Durer
Albrecht Dürer (Albrecht Dürer (May 21May 21,,
14711471 –– April 6April 6,, 15281528) was) was
aa GermanGerman painterpainter,, woodwood
carvercarver,, engraverengraver, and, and
mathematicianmathematician. He drew. He drew
the first portrait of histhe first portrait of his
father in 1486.father in 1486. During theDuring the
first few years, from 1495first few years, from 1495
onwards, he worked inonwards, he worked in
the established Germanicthe established Germanic
and northern forms whileand northern forms while
remaining open to theremaining open to the
influences of theinfluences of the
Renaissance.Renaissance.
Life Works
Appraisal Titbits
Albrecht Dürer, Selbstportät mit Blume, 1493, Oil on Canvas

20. MichelangeloMichelangelo
Michelangelo di LodovicoMichelangelo di Lodovico
Buonarroti Simoni (March 6,Buonarroti Simoni (March 6,
1475–February 18, 1564), comm1475–February 18, 1564), comm
only known as Michelangelo,only known as Michelangelo,
was an Italian Renaissancewas an Italian Renaissance
sculptor, painter, architect andsculptor, painter, architect and
poet. While he made few forayspoet. While he made few forays
beyond the arts, his artisticbeyond the arts, his artistic
versatility was of such a highversatility was of such a high
order that he is often consi-order that he is often consi-
dered a contender for the titledered a contender for the title
of the archetypal Renaissanceof the archetypal Renaissance
man, along with his rival andman, along with his rival and
fellow Florentine Leonardo dafellow Florentine Leonardo da
VinciVinci
Life
Appraisal
Works
Titbits
Chalk portrait of Michelangelo by Daniele da Volterra

21. Pieter Brueghel the ElderPieter Brueghel the Elder
 Pieter Brueghel the Elder orPieter Brueghel the Elder or
Bruegel (c.1525 – SeptemberBruegel (c.1525 – September
9, 1569) was a Flemish9, 1569) was a Flemish
Renaissance painter knownRenaissance painter known
for his landscapes andfor his landscapes and
peasant scenes. There arepeasant scenes. There are
records that he was born inrecords that he was born in
Breda, Netherlands but it isBreda, Netherlands but it is
uncertain whether the Dutchuncertain whether the Dutch
town of Breda or the Belgiantown of Breda or the Belgian
town of Bree, called Breda intown of Bree, called Breda in
Latin, is meant. From 1559Latin, is meant. From 1559
he dropped the 'h' from hishe dropped the 'h' from his
name and started signing hisname and started signing his
paintings as Bruegel.paintings as Bruegel.
Appraisal
WorkLife
Titbits
Bruegel's The Painter and The Connoisseur drawn c. 1565 is thought to be a self portrait

22. Andrea Palladio (NovemberAndrea Palladio (November
30, 1508 – August 19, 1580),30, 1508 – August 19, 1580),
was an Italian architect, widelywas an Italian architect, widely
considered the most influentialconsidered the most influential
person in the history ofperson in the history of
Western architecture. BornWestern architecture. Born
Andrea di Pietro dellaAndrea di Pietro della
Gondola, he trained inGondola, he trained in
stonework and sculpting. Thestonework and sculpting. The
most important influence wasmost important influence was
by the noble Count Gianby the noble Count Gian
Giorgio Trissino. He was theGiorgio Trissino. He was the
one who later gave him theone who later gave him the
name Palladio, an allusion toname Palladio, an allusion to
the Greek goddess of wisdomthe Greek goddess of wisdom
Pallas Athene.Pallas Athene.
Andrea PalladioAndrea Palladio
Life Works
Appraisal Copyright

23. Peter Paul RubensPeter Paul Rubens
 Peter Paul Rubens (JunePeter Paul Rubens (June
28, 1577 – May 30, 1640)28, 1577 – May 30, 1640)
was the most popular andwas the most popular and
prolific Flemish andprolific Flemish and
European painter of theEuropean painter of the
17th century. He was the17th century. He was the
proponentof an exuberantproponentof an exuberant
Baroque style whichBaroque style which
emphasized movement,emphasized movement,
color, and sensuality.color, and sensuality.
Titbits
WorksLife
"Rubens and Isabella Brant in the Honeysuckle Bower"

24. Gian Lorenzo BerniniGian Lorenzo Bernini
Gian Lorenzo BerniniGian Lorenzo Bernini
(born December 7, 1598,(born December 7, 1598,
at Naples; diedat Naples; died
November 28, 1680 atNovember 28, 1680 at
Rome) was a preemi-Rome) was a preemi-
nent Baroque Sculptornent Baroque Sculptor
and architect of 17thand architect of 17th
century Rome. His firstcentury Rome. His first
works were inspired byworks were inspired by
Hellenistic sculpture ofHellenistic sculpture of
ancient Greece andancient Greece and
imperial Rome.imperial Rome.
Life Works
A self portrait: Bernini is said to have used his own features in his David.
Appraisal Titbits

25. Rembrandt van RijnRembrandt van Rijn
 Rembrandt HarmenszoonRembrandt Harmenszoon
van Rijn (July 15, 1606 orvan Rijn (July 15, 1606 or
1607 Leiden, Netherlands –1607 Leiden, Netherlands –
October 4, 1669 Amsterdam,October 4, 1669 Amsterdam,
Netherlands) is generallyNetherlands) is generally
considered one of theconsidered one of the
greatest painters in Europ-greatest painters in Europ-
ean art history and the mostean art history and the most
important in Dutch history.important in Dutch history.
Rembrandt was also aRembrandt was also a
proficient printmaker andproficient printmaker and
made many drawings. Hismade many drawings. His
contributions to art came incontributions to art came in
a period that historians calla period that historians call
the Dutch Golden Agethe Dutch Golden Age
(coinciding with the sevent-(coinciding with the sevent-
eenth century).eenth century).
Life
Appraisal
Work
Titbits
A late self protrait by the Dutch artist Rembrandt
This painting currently hangs in Kenwood House, London.

26. Johann Sebastian BachJohann Sebastian Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach( MarchJohann Sebastian Bach( March
21, 1685 - July 28, 1750 ) was a21, 1685 - July 28, 1750 ) was a
prolific German composer andprolific German composer and
organist whose sacred andorganist whose sacred and
secular works for choir,secular works for choir,
orchestra and solo instrumentsorchestra and solo instruments
drew together the strands ofdrew together the strands of
the baroque genre and broughtthe baroque genre and brought
it to its ultimate maturity.it to its ultimate maturity.
Although he introduced noAlthough he introduced no
new forms, he enriched thenew forms, he enriched the
prevailing German style. He isprevailing German style. He is
considered to be the greatestconsidered to be the greatest
Baroque composer, and one ofBaroque composer, and one of
the greatest composers of allthe greatest composers of all
Works
Appraisal

27. Wolfgang Amadeus MozartWolfgang Amadeus Mozart
(1756—91) was an Austrian(1756—91) was an Austrian
composer from Salzburg.composer from Salzburg.
Mozart represents one ofMozart represents one of
the great peaks in thethe great peaks in the
history of music. Hishistory of music. His
works, written in almostworks, written in almost
every conceivable genre,every conceivable genre,
combine luminous beautycombine luminous beauty
of sound with classicalof sound with classical
grace and technical perfec-grace and technical perfec-
tion.tion.
Wolfgang Amadeus MozartWolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Life Works
Appraisal Titbits

28. Ludwig van BeethovenLudwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven wasLudwig van Beethoven was
born on December 17, 1770 atborn on December 17, 1770 at
Bonn. Beethoven's fatherBonn. Beethoven's father
Johann sang soprano in theJohann sang soprano in the
electoral chapel where he waselectoral chapel where he was
Kapellmeister (chapel mast-Kapellmeister (chapel mast-
er). A contemporary of otherer). A contemporary of other
great musicians like Haydngreat musicians like Haydn
and Mozart, Beethovenand Mozart, Beethoven
started learning music at anstarted learning music at an
early age but his educationearly age but his education
never exceeded elementarynever exceeded elementary
level. He is best known for hislevel. He is best known for his
nine Symphonies. He diednine Symphonies. He died
on March 26, 1827 at Vienna.on March 26, 1827 at Vienna.
Life Works
Appraisal Titbits

29. THE ENDTHE END
of a beginning ……of a beginning ……
Conceived, Designed & Scripted by
Dr. Devesh Vijay
Searched & Pooled by
Pragya Vijay & Shilpi Singh
Sorting by
Dr. Yuthika Mishra and Pragya Mishra
Narration by
Dr. Devesh Vijay & Dr. Yuthika Mishra
Technical Assistance
Computer Centre, Delhi University
Additional Help
Dr. Anita Narayan, Ankit Vijay and Tanmoy Vijay
Music Played by
Prabhjot Uday singh Burman
Financial Support
Hindi Medium Implementation Directorate
Copyright: All Homo Sapiens
The musical
string being
played is fro-
m a piano re-
ndition of an
unforgettable
melody by a
great Indian
composer- late
Shri Roshan