The document discusses Neoclassicism in art between 1780-1840. It was a style influenced by classical antiquity, reason, and order that coincided with the Enlightenment. Neoclassical paintings depicted Roman history accurately and Neoclassical sculptures mimicked Roman styles. In architecture, Neoclassicism took the form of temples, Palladian villas, and classical blocks that featured symmetry and detailed columns, pilasters, and pediments. Notable Neoclassical artists and architects mentioned include Jacques-Louis David, Antonio Canova, Robert Adam, and Henri Labrouste.

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NEOCLASSICISM, 1780 - 1840
Neoclassic – Greek word neos meaning new and the
Latin word classicus which is similar in meaning to the
English phrase first class.
> The Western movement in decorative and visual arts
was called Neoclassicism.
> coincided with the 18th
century Age of Reason also
known as the Age of Enlightenment.

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Enlightment :
•Science and intellectual interchange
vs
•Superstition, intolerance and abuses by church and state
•Art must have a social and moral purpose.
•Against the excess of Baroque (art for the church and
royalty)

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Neoclassical art pieces such as paintings, sculpture, and
architecture generally portrayed Roman history which
elevated the Roman heroes.
Characteristics:
 portrayal of Roman history
 formal composition
 the use of diagonals to show the peak of an emotion or
moment
 local color
Overall lighting
Classic geo structure

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NEOCLASSICAL PAINTING
Neoclassical artists embraced the ideas of order and
moderation in which artistic interpretations of classic
Greek and Roman history were restored to realistic
portrayals.
Neoclassical painters gave great importance to the
costumes, settings and details of classical subject matter
without adding distracting details but with as much
historical accuracy as possible.

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Neo-classical artists
1. Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825)
France
 was an influential French painter
 considered to be the pre-eminent
painter
 his paintings were more on history
Famous Artworks:
The Death of Marat
Napoleon Crossing the Alps
Oath of the Horatii
J. Louis David, Self-portrait, 1794,
oil on canvas, Paris, Louvre.

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The Death of Marat
David’s masterpiece shows
the portrayal of a
revolutionary martyr. This is
a painting of the murdered
French revolutionary leader
Jean Paul Marat.
J. Louis David, The death of Marat, 1793,
oil on canvas; Bruxelles, Musee Royaux
de Belgique.

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Napoleon Crossing the Alps
The painting that showed
a strongly idealized view
of the real crossing that
Napoleon and his army
made across the Alps
through the Great St.
Bernard Pass in May
1800.
J. Louis David, Napoleon crossing the
Great St. Bernard pass, 1800, oil on
canvas; Paris, Malmaison.

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Oath of Horatii
J. Louis David, the Oath of Horatii, 1784-1785, oil on canvas; Paris, Louvre.
It was a large painting that depicts a scene from a Roman legend
about the dispute between Rome and Alba Longa. The three
brothers, all of whom appear willing to sacrifice their lives for the
good of Rome, are shown saluting their father who holds their
swords out for them.

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NEOCLASSICAL SCULPTURES
The Neoclassical period was one of the great ages of
public sculpture. Artists looked to Roman styles during
the time of Alexander the Great for inspiration as well
as to mimic their style.

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1. Antonio Canova (1757-
1822) Italy
 Was a prolific Italian artist
and sculptor
 He became famous for
marble sculptures
Famous Artworks:
 Psyche Awakened by
Cupid’s Kiss

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Psyche Awakened by Cupid’s Kiss
A marble sculpture portraying
the relationship of Psyche and
Cupid.
A. Canova, Psyche and Cupid, 1787-
1793, marble; Paris, Louvre.

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NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE
In its purest form, Neoclassical architecture was a style
principally derived from the architecture of Classical Greece
and Rome and the architectural designs of the Italian
architect Andrea Palladio.

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TYPES OF NEOCLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE:
Temple Style > was based on an ancient temple.
 Palladian Style > were based on style of villa construction.
Robert Adam (1728 – 1792) Britain
- He was known as the Palladian architect of the Neoclassical who
designed two well-known American civic buildings – The White House
and the United States Capitol
 Classical Block Style >features a rectangular or square plan, with a
flat roof and an exterior rich in classical detail.
Henri Labrouste – His masterpiece is the Library of Sainte-Genevieve
Charles Garnier – He designed the most famous classical block of all
which is the Palais Garnier
Matt H. Evans,
matt@exinfm.com

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Temple Style Buildings
Jacques-Germain Soufflot, Pantheon,
Paris, 1758-1790
is a building in the Latin Quarter
of Paris, France. Paris' Pantheon
was originally built as a church
dedicated to St.
Genevieve, modelled after the
Pantheon in Rome, but after many
changes now combines liturgical
functions with its role as a famous
burial place.

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Robert Smirke, British Museum, London, 1753.
Is a museum in London dedicated to human history and culture. Its
permanent collection, numbering some 8 million works, is among the
largest and most comprehensive in existence and originates from all
continents, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture
from its beginnings to the present.

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Palladian Style Building
White House, 1792-1800.
> The White House is the
official residence and
principal workplace of the
President of the United
States, located at 1600
Pennsylvania Avenue NW
in Washington, D.C. It has
been the residence of
every U.S. president since
John Adams in 1800.

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Classical Block Style Building
The Bibliotheque Sainte-Genevieve
The current structure, built by architect Henri Labrouste
in 1851. The library inherited the manuscripts and collections of one
of the oldest abbeys in Europe, the Abbey of Sainte – Genevieve.
Buried in the crypt in 502, Sainte Genevieve gave her name to very
institutions she served: the church, the abbey, and the library.