This document discusses the role of whiteflies in plant virus transmission. It begins with the taxonomy of whiteflies, noting that there are over 1550 worldwide species, with Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, and Trialeurodes abutilonea being the most important for transmitting viruses. It then covers the virus-vector relationship, the economic importance of whiteflies in causing direct damage and transmitting over 100 viruses indirectly, and the mechanisms of virus transmission through contaminated saliva and sexually. Key viruses transmitted include geminiviruses, criniviruses, and closteroviruses that impact important crop plants such as tomatoes, beans, cucurbits, and more.

2. ROLE OF WHITEFLY IN PLANT
VIRUS TRANSMISSION
PRESENTED BY
P.MANIKANDAN
M.Sc(Agri)Entomology
Chaiman: Dr.R.Kannan
Assistant Professor in Entomology
Annamalai university

3. Index
1.Taxonomy
2. Importance
3. Mechanism of transmission
4. Plant damage
5. Viruses transmitted

4. Taxonomy
• Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Arthropoda
• Class:Insecta Order:Hemiptera
• Suborder:Sternorrhyncha
• Superfamily:Aleyrodoidea Family: Aleyrodidae
• Species: 1550 sp. worldwide, 3 are important
-114 viruses are transmitted by these 3 spp.
• Bemisia tabaci -111 viruses
• Trialeurodes vaporariorum -3 viruses
• Trialeurodes abutilonea -3 viruses

5. VIRUS-VECTOR RELATIONSHIP
• Mostly circulative
• Semi persistent to persistent
• Females efficient in transmission
• LP-few hrs.
• Phloem

6. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF WHITEFLIES
•High economic losses
•Monophagus to Polyphagus
•All stage of host
•Fecundity: ~50 to 300+ offspring
•Very low spray threshold
•Insecticide resistance
•Plant virus transmission

7. Whitefly species identification
species egg nymphs adult
T. vaporariorum
B. tabaci

8. 8
Direct
damage
Type of
damage
Indirect
damage
Virus
transmission

9. Mechanism of transmission
9
Contaminated
diet transmission.
Diet contaminated
by the saliva of
viruliferous insects.
Sexual
transmission
Male to female or
vice versa during
copulation.

10. Cont…

11. Whitefly transmitting viruses
Geminivirus
(Begamovirus)
Crinivirus
Closterovirus

12. Geminivirus (Begamovirus)

13. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV)

15. Tomato torrado disease

16. Cotton leaf crumple virus

17. Cotton leaf curl virus

18. Chilly leaf curl virus

19. Mung bean yellow mosaic virus

20. Okra enation leaf curl virus

21. Pepper golden mosaic virus

22. Potato yellow mosaic virus

23. Sweet potato leaf curl virus

24. Squash leaf curl virus

25. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus

26. Cabbage leaf curl virus

27. Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus

28. African cassava mosaic virus

29. Bean calico mosaic virus

30. Bean golden yellow mosaic virus

31. Crinivirus

32. Blackberry yellow vein-associated virus

33. Lettuce chlorosis virus

34. Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus

35. Cucumber yellows virus

36. Lettuce infectious yellows virus

37. Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus

38. Tomato chlorosis virus

39. Tomato infectious chlorosis virus

40. Closterovirus

41. Citrus tristeza virus

42. Grapevine corky bark-associated virus

43. Little cherry virus 1

44. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1

45. Sugarcane mild mosaic virus

46. Reference
• George N.agrios(2006)academic press,plant
pathology p.p: 774-809
• Roger hull (2004) academic press,
Mathews’Plant Virology p.p: 27-44
• http:/Whitefly,Wikipedia,the free
encyclopedia.html
• Diseases of vegetable crops in Australia (eds
Persley, Cooke & House 2010), available from
CSIRO Publishing at www.publish.csiro.au