The document outlines the syllabus for the Women Entrepreneurship course in the 2nd semester of B.Com at Smt. V G Degree College for Women. It discusses 5 units that make up the course: 1) Introduction to women entrepreneurship, 2) Opportunities and challenges faced by women entrepreneurs, 3) Role of financial institutions in supporting women's entrepreneurial activities, 4) Government schemes for promoting women entrepreneurship, and 5) Project identification and formulation. Unit 3 specifically focuses on the role of organizations like SIDBI, DIC, CEDOK, and RUDSETI in providing long and short-term financing to support women entrepreneurs. The overall goal of the course is to familiarize
Profile of SIDO, SISI, NISC; Entrepreneurship and msmeIndraja Modem
entrepreneurship and msme, International financial management; Profile of SISI, Profile SIDO, profile of NISC; SIDO- Objectives, mission, vision; SISI- Objectives and functions; NISC- Objectives and functions
• The 'District Industries Centre' (DICs) programme was started by the central government in 1978 with the objective of providing a focal point for promoting small, tiny, cottage and village industries in a particular area and to make available to them all necessary services and facilities at one place.
• The District Industries Centre is the institution at the District level, which provides all the services and support facilities to the entrepreneur for setting up Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. This included identification of suitable schemes, preparation of feasibility reports, arrangements for credit facilities, machinery and equipments, provision of raw materials and development of industrial clusters etc.
• Established in 1940
• Vision is to be primary driving force of commercially sustainable industrial development .
• Industrial development Corporations are companies or agencies in India which were established at various times under the policy of Government of India for the promotion of small - scale industries.
• A Central Industrial Finance corporation was set up under the industrial Finance corporations Act, 1948 in order to provide medium and long term credit to industrial undertakings which fall outside normal activities of commercial banks.
• The State governments expressed their desire that similar corporations be set up in states to supplement the work of the Industrial financial corporation. State governments also expressed that the State corporations be established under a special statue in order to make it possible to incorporate in the constitutions necessary provisions in regard to majority control by the government, guaranteed by the State government in regard to the payment principal. In order to implement the views Expressed by the State governments the State Financial Corporation bill was introduced in the Parliament.
• Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), set up on April 2, 1990 under an Act of Indian Parliament, is the Principal Financial Institution for the Promotion, Financing and Development of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) sector and for Co-ordination of the functions of the institutions engaged in similar activities.
• It was incorporated initially as a wholly owned subsidiary of Industrial Development Bank of India.
• The purpose is to provide refinance facilities and short term lending to industries. Its headquarters is in Lucknow.
• Former Deputy Managing Director is Shri N.K. Maini. Dr. Kshatrapati Shivaji is the new Chairman and Managing Director of the organisation.
Profile of SIDO, SISI, NISC; Entrepreneurship and msmeIndraja Modem
entrepreneurship and msme, International financial management; Profile of SISI, Profile SIDO, profile of NISC; SIDO- Objectives, mission, vision; SISI- Objectives and functions; NISC- Objectives and functions
• The 'District Industries Centre' (DICs) programme was started by the central government in 1978 with the objective of providing a focal point for promoting small, tiny, cottage and village industries in a particular area and to make available to them all necessary services and facilities at one place.
• The District Industries Centre is the institution at the District level, which provides all the services and support facilities to the entrepreneur for setting up Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. This included identification of suitable schemes, preparation of feasibility reports, arrangements for credit facilities, machinery and equipments, provision of raw materials and development of industrial clusters etc.
• Established in 1940
• Vision is to be primary driving force of commercially sustainable industrial development .
• Industrial development Corporations are companies or agencies in India which were established at various times under the policy of Government of India for the promotion of small - scale industries.
• A Central Industrial Finance corporation was set up under the industrial Finance corporations Act, 1948 in order to provide medium and long term credit to industrial undertakings which fall outside normal activities of commercial banks.
• The State governments expressed their desire that similar corporations be set up in states to supplement the work of the Industrial financial corporation. State governments also expressed that the State corporations be established under a special statue in order to make it possible to incorporate in the constitutions necessary provisions in regard to majority control by the government, guaranteed by the State government in regard to the payment principal. In order to implement the views Expressed by the State governments the State Financial Corporation bill was introduced in the Parliament.
• Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), set up on April 2, 1990 under an Act of Indian Parliament, is the Principal Financial Institution for the Promotion, Financing and Development of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) sector and for Co-ordination of the functions of the institutions engaged in similar activities.
• It was incorporated initially as a wholly owned subsidiary of Industrial Development Bank of India.
• The purpose is to provide refinance facilities and short term lending to industries. Its headquarters is in Lucknow.
• Former Deputy Managing Director is Shri N.K. Maini. Dr. Kshatrapati Shivaji is the new Chairman and Managing Director of the organisation.
Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (EDII)uma reur
EDI has been spearheading entrepreneurship movement throughout the nation with a belief that entrepreneurs need not necessarily be born, but can be developed through well-conceived and well-directed activities.
In consonance with this belief, EDI aims at:
Creating a multiplier effect on opportunities for self-employment,
Augmenting the supply of competent entrepreneurs through training,
Augmenting the supply of entrepreneur trainer-motivators,
Participating in institution building efforts,
Role of financial institutions in support of women entrepreneurial activities...uma reur
The ‘District Industries Centre’ (DICs) programme was started by the central government in 1978 with the objective of providing a focal point for promoting small, tiny, cottage and village industries in a particular area and to make available to them all necessary services and facilities at one place. The finances for setting up DICs in a state are contributed equally by the particular State Government and the Central Government.
To facilitate the process of small enterprise development, DICs have been entrusted with most of the administrative and financial powers. For purpose of allotment of land, work sheds, raw materials etc., DICs functions under the ‘Directorate of Industries’. Each DIC is headed by a General Manager who is assisted by four functional managers and three project managers to look after the following activities :
The important objectives of DICs are as follow :
i. Accelerate the overall efforts for industrialisation of the district.
ii. Rural industrialisation and development of rural industries and handicrafts.
iii. Attainment of economic equality in various regions of the district.
iv. Providing the benefit of the government schemes to the new entrepreneurs.
v. Centralisation of procedures required to start a new industrial unit and minimisation- of the efforts and time required to obtain various permissions, licenses, registrations, subsidies etc.
CEDOK Established in 1992 is a Government of Karnataka Organisation promoted by the Department of Industries and Commerce with the support of State level industrial developmental agencies such as :
Karnataka State Small Industries Development Corporation (KSSIDC),
Karnataka State Financial Corporation (KSFC),
Karnataka State Industrial Investment Development Corporation (KSIIDC),
Karnataka Industrial Area Development Board (KIADB),
and national level financial institutions such as
Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI),
Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI),
Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (ICICI) and
Government of India through Development Commissioner (SSI), New Delhi
with a objective to contribute to the development and dispersal of entrepreneurship by undertaking various entrepreneurship development and skill development / upgradation training programmes thus expand the social and economical base of entrepreneurial class
The 'District Industries Centre' (DICs)
Bijapur The Joint Director, District Industries Centre Industrial Estate, Station Back Road, Shikhara Khana, Bijapur - 586 101.
08352 250976 257125 250607
jd-bijapur@karnatakaindustry.gov.in
Role of financial institutions in support of women entrepreneurial activities...uma reur
The RUDSETI type of Institutions aided by GoI will, therefore, have the following objectives:
The trainings offered will be demand driven
Rural BPL youth will be given priority
Area in which training will be provided to a particular rural BPL youth will be decided after assessment of the aptitude of the candidate
Hand holding will be provided for assured credit linkage with Banks
Escort services will be provided for ensuring at least a two year follow up to ensure sustainability of micro enterprise undertaken by the rural BPL youth.
Provide intensive short-term residential self-employment training programmes with free food and accommodation to rural youth for taking up self employment initiatives and skill up gradation for running their micro-enterprises successfully.
Empower rural youth and economically backward sections leading to the development of rural enterprises and entrepreneurship.
Identify, orient, motivate, train and assist rural youth including tribal communities to attain sustainability and economic well being through rural entrepreneurship.
Upgrade technical, agricultural, managerial and service delivery skills.
Promote and train self-help groups.
Identify, develop and transfer appropriate and sustainable rural technologies.
Personality development for school and college students.
Promote awareness and trigger use of non-conventional and energy efficient technologies.
Identification & selection of right candidate for the right course.
Campus and practical approach.
Use of simulation exercises, group discussions, role plays during training period.
Field visits & experience sharing with role models.
Interactions with Bankers /Govt. Officials.
Entrepreneurship in India and challengesArmaan Anand
Entrepreneurship in india context to global. challenges faced by Indian entrepreneur, major hindrance for an Indian entrepreneur, position of Indian entrepreneur, entrepreneur, entrepreneurship, why entrepreneurship in India, is India the spot for entrepreneur & entrepreneurship. future for Indian entrepreneurship & entrepreneur.
Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (EDII)uma reur
EDI has been spearheading entrepreneurship movement throughout the nation with a belief that entrepreneurs need not necessarily be born, but can be developed through well-conceived and well-directed activities.
In consonance with this belief, EDI aims at:
Creating a multiplier effect on opportunities for self-employment,
Augmenting the supply of competent entrepreneurs through training,
Augmenting the supply of entrepreneur trainer-motivators,
Participating in institution building efforts,
Role of financial institutions in support of women entrepreneurial activities...uma reur
The ‘District Industries Centre’ (DICs) programme was started by the central government in 1978 with the objective of providing a focal point for promoting small, tiny, cottage and village industries in a particular area and to make available to them all necessary services and facilities at one place. The finances for setting up DICs in a state are contributed equally by the particular State Government and the Central Government.
To facilitate the process of small enterprise development, DICs have been entrusted with most of the administrative and financial powers. For purpose of allotment of land, work sheds, raw materials etc., DICs functions under the ‘Directorate of Industries’. Each DIC is headed by a General Manager who is assisted by four functional managers and three project managers to look after the following activities :
The important objectives of DICs are as follow :
i. Accelerate the overall efforts for industrialisation of the district.
ii. Rural industrialisation and development of rural industries and handicrafts.
iii. Attainment of economic equality in various regions of the district.
iv. Providing the benefit of the government schemes to the new entrepreneurs.
v. Centralisation of procedures required to start a new industrial unit and minimisation- of the efforts and time required to obtain various permissions, licenses, registrations, subsidies etc.
CEDOK Established in 1992 is a Government of Karnataka Organisation promoted by the Department of Industries and Commerce with the support of State level industrial developmental agencies such as :
Karnataka State Small Industries Development Corporation (KSSIDC),
Karnataka State Financial Corporation (KSFC),
Karnataka State Industrial Investment Development Corporation (KSIIDC),
Karnataka Industrial Area Development Board (KIADB),
and national level financial institutions such as
Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI),
Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI),
Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (ICICI) and
Government of India through Development Commissioner (SSI), New Delhi
with a objective to contribute to the development and dispersal of entrepreneurship by undertaking various entrepreneurship development and skill development / upgradation training programmes thus expand the social and economical base of entrepreneurial class
The 'District Industries Centre' (DICs)
Bijapur The Joint Director, District Industries Centre Industrial Estate, Station Back Road, Shikhara Khana, Bijapur - 586 101.
08352 250976 257125 250607
jd-bijapur@karnatakaindustry.gov.in
Role of financial institutions in support of women entrepreneurial activities...uma reur
The RUDSETI type of Institutions aided by GoI will, therefore, have the following objectives:
The trainings offered will be demand driven
Rural BPL youth will be given priority
Area in which training will be provided to a particular rural BPL youth will be decided after assessment of the aptitude of the candidate
Hand holding will be provided for assured credit linkage with Banks
Escort services will be provided for ensuring at least a two year follow up to ensure sustainability of micro enterprise undertaken by the rural BPL youth.
Provide intensive short-term residential self-employment training programmes with free food and accommodation to rural youth for taking up self employment initiatives and skill up gradation for running their micro-enterprises successfully.
Empower rural youth and economically backward sections leading to the development of rural enterprises and entrepreneurship.
Identify, orient, motivate, train and assist rural youth including tribal communities to attain sustainability and economic well being through rural entrepreneurship.
Upgrade technical, agricultural, managerial and service delivery skills.
Promote and train self-help groups.
Identify, develop and transfer appropriate and sustainable rural technologies.
Personality development for school and college students.
Promote awareness and trigger use of non-conventional and energy efficient technologies.
Identification & selection of right candidate for the right course.
Campus and practical approach.
Use of simulation exercises, group discussions, role plays during training period.
Field visits & experience sharing with role models.
Interactions with Bankers /Govt. Officials.
Entrepreneurship in India and challengesArmaan Anand
Entrepreneurship in india context to global. challenges faced by Indian entrepreneur, major hindrance for an Indian entrepreneur, position of Indian entrepreneur, entrepreneur, entrepreneurship, why entrepreneurship in India, is India the spot for entrepreneur & entrepreneurship. future for Indian entrepreneurship & entrepreneur.
Entrepreneurship development - Institutional AssistanceSOMASUNDARAM T
Financial assistance through SFCs, SIDBI, Commercial Banks, KSIDC, KSSIC, IFCI; Non-financial assistance from DIC, SISI, EDI, SIDO, AWAKE, TCO, TECKSOK, KVIC; Financial incentives for SSI and Tax Concessions ; Industrial estates: role and types.
Entrepreneurship development - Institutional AssistanceSOMASUNDARAM T
Financial Assistance through SFCs,
SIDBI, Commercial bank, KSIDC,
KSSIC, IFCI; Non – financial
assistance from DIC, SISI, EDI, SIDO,
AWAKE, TCO, TECKSOK, KVIC;
Financial Incentives for SSI and Tax
Concessions’ Industrial Estates – its
roles and types.
Overview of Indian Financial Institutions , Players of Financial Institutions, Role and Functions of various financial Institutions in Indian Financial Market
Role and policy measures relating to development banks and financial institution in India, products and services offered by IFCI, IDBI, IIBI, SIDBI, IDFCL, EXIM Bank, NABARD and ICICI Meaning and benefits of mutual funds, types of mutual funds, SEBI guidelines relating to mutual funds.
NSIC acts as a facilitator to endorse the products of small organizations and registering under NSIC will plunge you into the new pathways,
which will provide you solutions that are smart and sustainable for your projects.
Sources of Funds:
Transactions which result in an increase in the amount of fund or working capital are called sources of fund.
The following are the sources of funds:
Funds from operations, operating profit or trading profit.
Non operating incomes.
Refund of Income Tax (received).
Issue of Shares for cash or for any other current asset.
Issue of debentures for cash or for any other current asset.
Long term and medium term loans borrowed.
Long term or medium term deposits accepted.
Sale of long term investments for cash or for any other current asset.
Sale of fixed assets for cash or for any other current asset.
Preparation of Funds from Operations
The term Operation means the day to day affairs of the business.
It refers to trading.
Non operating items should not be treated as operational, while ascertaining funds from operations.
Examples of Non Operating expenses:
Depreciation
Loss on sale of fixed assets.
Writing-Off of fictious assets like Goodwill
Preliminary expenses, discount or loss on issue of shares and debentures
FFA- Statement of Schedule of Changes in Working Capitaluma reur
Statement Of Schedule Of Changes In Working Capital
This statement is prepared with the help of current assets and current liabilities relating to two different periods.
An increase or decrease in respect of each of such items should be recorded to ascertain the net increase or decrease in the working capital.
An increase in the value of current assets between two different periods indicates an increase in the working capital. It is an application of funds.
An increase in the value of current liabilities between two different periods indicates decrease in the working capital. It is sources of funds.
Investment:
Relationship between profit and investment is shown by computing “Rate of Return ratios”.
Return on Investment (ROI)
Return on Total Resources
Return on Equity (ROE)
Earning Per Share Ratio (EPS)
Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio
Debt to Total Fund Ratio
Entrepreneurship Development Programme (EDP)uma reur
EDP – Introduction to Entrepreneurship Development Programme
Entrepreneurship Development Programme is primarily meant for developing those first generation entrepreneurs who on their own cannot become successful entrepreneurs. It covers three major variables- location, target group and enterprise.
Any of these can become the focus or starting point for initiating and implementing an EDP.
The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC)uma reur
The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) is a statutory body formed in April 1957 (During 2nd Five Year plan) by the Government of India, under the Act of Parliament, 'Khadi and Village Industries Commission Act of 1956'. It is an apex organisation under the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, with regard to khadi and village industries within India, which seeks to - "plan, promote, facilitate, organise and assist in the establishment and development of khadi and village industries in the rural areas in coordination with other agencies engaged in rural development wherever necessary.“
KVIC also helps in building up reserve of raw materials for supply to producers.
The commission focuses in creation of common service facilities for processing of raw materials, such as semi-finished goods.
KVIC has also helped in creation of employment in Khadi industry.
Schemes Under Khadi and Village Industries Commission
Under the Khadi and Village Industries Commission, you can avail the following schemes:
PMEGP or Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme
The Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises introduced this credit linked subsidy scheme for the creation of employment in both rural and urban areas of the nation. This scheme replaced the previous Rural Employment Generation Programme or in short the REGP.
Under the PMEGP scheme the applicants from the general category are given a 15% to 25% subsidy on the interest rates. Applicants from other categories than general as well as woman applicants, former service members, physically disabled and applicants from the hill or border areas are provided with a subsidy of 20% to 35%.
Long-Term Financing
Long-term financing is usually needed for acquiring new equipment, R&D, cash flow enhancement, and company expansion. Some of the major methods for long-term financing are discussed below.
Equity Financing
Equity financing includes preferred stocks and common stocks. This method is less risky in respect to cash flow commitments. However, equity financing often results in dissolution of share ownership and it also decreases earnings.
The cost associated with equity is generally higher than the cost associated with debt, which is again a deductible expense. Therefore, equity financing can also result in an enhanced hurdle rate that may cancel any reduction in the cash flow risk.
Sales:
Relationship between profit and sales is shown by computing “Profit margin ratios”.
Gross Profit Ratio
Operating Ratio
Expenses Ratio
Operating Profit Ratio
Net Profit Ratio
From the following information calculate Debtors turnover ratio (DTR) and Average collection period (ACP).
Total Sales Rs.3,80,000, Cash sales Rs. 2,40,000, Opening Debtors Rs. 12,000, Closing Debtors Rs. 16,800. Opening balance of Bills receivable Rs. 9,600 and Closing balance of Bills receivable Rs.14,400.
Creditor’s Turnover Ratio is also known as Payables Turnover Ratio, Creditor’s Velocity and Trade Payables Ratio. It is an activity ratio that finds out the relationship between net credit purchases and average trade payables of a business.
It finds out how efficiently the assets are employed by a firm and indicates the average speed with which the payments are made to the trade creditors.
It is calculated by the following formula:
Turnover Ratios or Activity Ratios or Performance Ratios
Turnover ratios are used to determine how efficiently the financial assets and liabilities of an organization have been used for the purpose of generating revenues. These ratios measure the operating efficiency of an enterprise.
The types of Turnover ratios are: –
Inventory Turnover Ratio or Stock Turnover Ratio.
Debtors Turnover Ratio.
Creditors Turnover Ratio.
Cash Turnover Ratio.
Working Capital Turnover Ratio.
Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio.
Capital Turnover Ratio or Sales to Net Worth Ratio.
It is also referred as the stock turnover ratio which is used to measure the number of sales generated from its inventory and how efficiently the inventories in a company is used.
This ratio reveals the number of times stock is replaced during a given accounting period.
It is calculated by the following formula:
Illustration 1:
From the following information calculate stock turnover ratio. Opening stock 30,000, purchases 90,000, carriage inward 7500, sales 1,50,000, closing stock 15,000, gross profit 37,500.
The Debtors Turnover Ratio also called as Receivables Turnover Ratio or Debtors velocity shows how quickly the credit sales are converted into the cash. This ratio measures the efficiency of a firm in managing and collecting the credit issued to the customers.
It is calculated by the following formula:
De퐛퐭퐨퐫퐬 퐓퐮퐫퐧퐨퐯퐞퐫 퐑퐚퐭퐢퐨=(퐍퐞퐭 퐂퐫퐞퐝퐢퐭 퐒퐚퐥퐞퐬)/(퐀퐯퐞퐫퐚퐠퐞 퐃퐞퐛퐭퐨퐫퐬)
Interpretation:
Standard credit period is 30 days
If the credit period is more than 30 days it indicates that the concern is not efficient.
If the credit period is less than 30 days it indicates that the concern is efficient.
The Average Collection Period, also called as Debt Collection Period, shows how much time business takes to realize the credit sales. Simply, how long will it take to recover payments from the debtors against the credit sales?
It is calculated by dividing the number of months or days or weeks by the debtors turnover ratio.
Leverage Ratios or Solvency Ratios or Capital Structure Ratios
Leverage or Solvency ratios can be defined as a type of ratio that is used to evaluate whether a company is solvent and well capable of paying off its debt obligations or not. These ratios are used to measure the long term financial position as a test of solvency of an organisation.
The types of Leverage ratios are: –
Proprietary Ratio or Equity Ratio
Equity to Fixed Asset Ratio
Equity to Current Assets Ratio
Current Liabilities to Shareholders Funds Ratio
Debt Equity Ratio
Capital Gearing or Leverage Ratio
Liquidity Ratios
This type of ratio helps in measuring the ability of a company to take care of its short-term debt obligations. A higher liquidity ratio represents that the company is highly rich in cash.
The types of liquidity ratios are: –
Current Ratio or Working Capital Ratio
Quick Ratio or Liquidity Ratio or Acid Test Ratio
Absolute Liquid Ratio or Cash Ratio
Stock to Working Capital Ratio
Current Ratio: The current ratio is the ratio between the current assets and current liabilities of a company. The current ratio is used to indicate the liquidity of an organization in being able to meet its debt obligations in the upcoming twelve months. A higher current ratio will indicate that the organization is highly capable of repaying its short-term debt obligations.
Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities
Current Assets:
Current Assets means cash and those assets which can be converted into cash within one year in ordinary course of business.
Current Liabilities:
Current Liabilities are those which are to be paid by the firm in one year.
Quick Ratio or Liquidity Ratio or Acid Test Ratio :
The quick ratio is used to ascertain information pertaining to the capability of a company in paying off its current liabilities on an immediate basis.
The formula used for the calculation of a quick ratio is-
Quick Ratio = (Cash and Cash Equivalents + Marketable Securities + Accounts Receivables) / Current Liabilities
. Absolute Liquid Ratio or Cash Ratio:
The cash ratio measures a company’s ability to pay off short-term liabilities with cash and cash equivalents:
Cash ratio = Cash and Cash equivalents / Current Liabilities
Stock to Working Capital Ratio:
It is calculated by dividing the value of stock (or inventories such as raw materials, work in progress, finished goods, stores and packing materials) by the Working capital.
Financial ratios are created with the use of numerical values taken from financial statements to gain meaningful information about a company. The numbers found on a company’s financial statements – balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement – are used to perform quantitative analysis and assess a company’s liquidity, leverage, growth, margins, profitability, rates of return, valuation, and more.
Modes of Expression of Ratios:
Ratios may be expressed in any one or more of the following ways:
(a) Proportion,
(b) Rate or times
(c) Percentage.
Advantages of Ratio Analysis:
The information shown in financial statements does not signify anything individually because the facts shown are inter-related. Hence it is necessary to establish relationships between various items to reveal significant details and throw light on all notable financial and operational aspects. Ratio analysis caters to the needs of various parties interested in financial statements. The basic objective of ratio analysis is to help management in interpretation of financial statements to enable it to perform the managerial functions efficiently.
Limitations of Ratio Analysis:
Ratios are precious tools in the hands of management but the utility lies in the proper utilisation of ratios. Mishandling or misuse of ratios and using them without proper context may lead the management to a wrong direction. The financial analyst should be well versed in computing ratios and proper utilization of ratios. Like all techniques of control, ratio analysis also suffers from several ‘ifs and buts’ and for proper computation and utilization of ratios the analyst should be aware of the limitations of ratio analysis.
Uses and Users of Financial Ratio Analysis
Analysis of financial ratios serves two main purposes:
1. Track company performance
Determining individual financial ratios per period and tracking the change in their values over time is done to spot trends that may be developing in a company. For example, an increasing debt-to-asset ratio may indicate that a company is overburdened with debt and may eventually be facing default risk.
2. Make comparative judgments regarding company performance
Comparing financial ratios with that of major competitors is done to identify whether a company is performing better or worse than the industry average. For example, comparing the return on assets between companies helps an analyst or investor to determine which company is making the most efficient use of its assets.
Users of financial ratios include parties external and internal to the company:
External users: Financial analysts, retail investors, creditors, competitors, tax authorities, regulatory authorities, and industry observers
Internal users: Management team, employees, and owners
Management Accounting - Trend Analysis - Income Statementuma reur
Meaning of Trend Analysis:
Comparison of past data over a period of time with a base year is Trend Analysis.
It computes the changes in percentage for different variables over a long period and then makes a comparative study of them.
Each item in the base year is taken as 100 and on that basis, trend analysis for the corresponding items in the other years are calculated.
Compute the trend percentage from the following data taking 2010 as the base year.
Compute the trend percentage from the following data taking 2010 as the base year.
Common Size Statement of Assets & Liabilitiesuma reur
Common Size Balance Sheet
A common size balance sheet shows the percentage in relation to each item of assets to total assets and each item of liabilities to total liabilities and capital.
A comparative common size balance sheet for different periods helps to understand the trends and reasons for changes in different items.
Common Size Income Statement - Solved Problemsuma reur
Common Size Financial Statements
When the financial statement, financial data are shown in the shape of vertical percentage are known as Common Size Statements. In these statements, all figures are converted into a common unit by expressing them as percentage of a key figures in the statement.
The figures are shown as percentage of total assets, total liabilities and total sales. The analyst is able to assess the figures in relation to total values.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Role of financial institutions in support of women entrepreneurial activities - SIDBI
1. B COM 2ND SEM
KSAWU SYLLABUS
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
ROLE OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN
SUPPORT OF WOMEN
ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES
Smt. Uma Minajigi Reur
Head, Dept. of Commerce &
Management
Smt. V G Degree College for Women,
Kalaburagi
2. B.COM SYLLABUS SECOND SEMESTER
2.6: WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Objectives: To acquaint students with the concepts of women entrepreneurship and to familiarize
the entrepreneurial development process. Pedagogy: Classroom lecture, Assignments and Field Visit.
Unit 1: Introduction: Concept, meaning and definition of Women entrepreneur and Women
entrepreneurship, Characteristics and Types of entrepreneurs, Functions of Women entrepreneur,
evolution of Women Entrepreneurship in India, Entrepreneurial skills and competency requirements
for women entrepreneur, Role of Women entrepreneurship in economic development. (15 Hours)
Unit 2: Opportunities and challenges faced by women entrepreneurs: Challenges faced by Women
entrepreneurs, Opportunities for an entrepreneurial career, measure to improve women
entrepreneurship, factors influencing the women entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial motivation
concept. (10 Hours)
Unit 3: Role of financial institution in support of women entrepreneurial activities: SIDBI, DIC, CEDOK,
RUDSETI, SFC, EDII, KVIC, (objectives and functions), Long term and Short term financing. Women
empowerment through Entrepreneurship Development Programmes. (15 Hours)
Unit 4: Government Schemes and Institutional support to Promote Women Entrepreneur: Trade
Related Entrepreneurship Assistance and Development (TREAD) scheme for Women, AWAKE,
NAYE, Mahila Coir Yojana, Mahila Udyam Nidhi, Stand-up India, Annapurna Scheme, Stree Shakti
Package For Women Entrepreneurs, Bharatiya Mahila Bank Business Loan, Dena Shakti Scheme,
Udyogini Scheme, Cent Kalyani Scheme, Mahila Udyam Nidhi Scheme, Mudra Yojana Scheme For
Women, Orient Mahila Vikas Yojana Scheme, etc. (20 Hours)
Unit 5: Project Identification and Formulation: Meaning of project, project identification, project
selection, project formulation: meaning, significance, contents, formulation steps, Planning
Commission’s Guidelines for formulating a Project report, Specimen of a project report. (10 Hours)
3. Unit 3:
Role of financial institutions in support of women
entrepreneurial activities:
1. Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)
2. District Industries Centre (DIC)
3. Centre for Entrepreneurship Development of Karnataka (CEDOK)
4. Rural Development and Self Employment Training Institute (RUDSETI)
5. State Financial Corporation (SFC)
6. Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (EDII)
7. The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC)
8. Long term and short term financing.
9. Women Empowerment through Entrepreneurial Development Programmes.
5. 1. Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)
Origin of SIDBI
In order to promote small scale industries in the country, a special Act was passed
in Parliament in April 1990 for starting of Small Industries Development Bank of
India. SIDBI is a wholly owned subsidiary of IDBI. It is providing assistance to
all those institutions which are promoting small scale industries.
Capital of SIDBI
SIDBI has an authorised capital of Rs. 1000 crores. The RBI has also allocated
INR 10,000 Crores to SIDBI for various venture capital activities and company
startups in 2015. The entire operations of IDBI connected with small scale
industries are now handed over to SIDBI.
6.
7.
8. The Government of India has launched several initiatives to promote the
growth of the MSME sector. One such initiative is the SIDBI (Small
Industries Development Bank of India).
The SIDBI acts as the primary financial institution in the country that is
responsible for the growth of the MSME sector – by offering financing
services. Besides offering finances to qualified MSMEs, it also focuses on
clean energy production. It helps MSMEs grow, acquire funds, market their
products and invest in R&D. The bank offers various loans that help
MSMEs meet their capital requirements.
9. Mission and Vision of SIDBI
Mission – SIDBI aims to facilitate and strengthen credit flow to
MSMEs. Besides offering financial assistance to MSMEs, SIDBI
also provides developmental support to the MSME eco-system.
Vision – SIDBI aims to emerge as the go-to institution for financing
support for MSMEs.
10. Objectives of SIDBI:
• To promote marketing of products of small scale sector.
• To upgrade technology and also undertaking modernization of
small scale units.
• To provide more financial assistance to small scale ancillary
and tiny sector.
• To encourage employment oriented industries.
• To coordinate all the other institutions involved in the
promotion of small scale industries.
11. Functions of SIDBI
Coordinating and financing the various institutions involved in the
development of small industries are undertaken by SIDBI.
lts functions are :
1. Refinance to SSI:
Refinancing loans and advances provided by commercial banks to small scale
industrial units. Different types of loans are given to small scale industries and
as per the recommendations of Nayak Committee, additional funds have been
given to commercial banks for promoting more borrowings of small scale
industries. In fact, there are commercial banks with separate branches meant
exclusively for small scale industries.
2. Discounting the bills of SSIs:
Apart from discounting the bills of small scale industries, even hurdles arising
out of financing small scale industries are being discounted. The bank credit
has gone up to Rs. 2,18,219 crores. The percentage of bank credit to SSI has
gone up to 17.5.
Refinance, is the process by which one loan is replaced
by another loan, in most cases with more favorable
terms. The new loan is used to pay off the original
loan.
12. 3. SIDBI offers assistance to exports:
Direct assistance to export oriented units and also to import
substituting units in the small scale sector is given the highest priority.
There has been a simplified procedure for the exports of small scale
industries. Products of SSI exporters are displayed in international
exhibitions with the help of SIDBI. Other export related expenditures
are borne by SIDBI. Latest packing standards and training
programmes on packing for exports are also financed by SIDBI. Trade
delegations and sales and study teams are sponsored for small scale
sector under Marketing Development Assistance scheme.
13. 4. Seed capital and also soft loan Assistance:
Seed capital is provided for starting of SSI units. Under this, the initial
expenditure in starting the small scale units are being met by SIDBI. In addition
to that, SIDBI, under this scheme, undertakes the following activities:
Identification of potential entrepreneurs in the district.
Providing training facility for these entrepreneurs.
Linkage with banks for financial assistance
Follow-up and monitoring the progress
Under soft loan, SIDBI provides long-term loan repayable in a period of 15 to
20 years with a very low rate of interest.
Seed capital is the money raised to begin developing an idea for a
business or a new product. This funding generally covers only the
costs of creating a proposal. After securing seed financing, startups
may approach venture capitalists to obtain additional financing.
14. 5. Non finance services:
Under this scheme, SIDBI undertakes with the help of other institutions
marketing survey and the potentialities of small scale industries in the
particular area. Wherever possible, it helps in the procurement of raw
materials.
15. 6. Factoring, Leasing and HP finance:
Factoring:
In factoring services, SIDBI finances 80% of the bills to the seller and after
obtaining the remaining 20% balance, it repays to the seller and for this service
it obtains a factoring commission.
Leasing:
After the increase in the fixed capital limit of Rs. 1 crore to SSI, there has been
increasing demand for leasing equipment. The small scale industries have
expanded their activities as lease finance institutions have enabled them to
obtain costly equipment which are otherwise, not possible within the purview
of small scale industries, In fact, this has helped them in modernizing their
industry.
HP finance:
Hire purchase financing has also helped small scale industries in acquiring
machinery of a higher value. In fact, certain machinery are even imported from
foreign countries on a deferred payment basis.
16. Leasing is the process by which a
firm can obtain the use of certain
fixed assets for which it must make a
series of contractual, periodic, tax-
deductible payments. A lease is a
contract that enables a lessee to
secure the use of the tangible
property for a specified period by
making payments to the owner.
A hire purchase (HP), also known as
an installment plan, is an
arrangement whereby a customer
agrees to a contract to acquire an
asset by paying an initial installment
(e.g., 40% of the total) and repays the
balance of the price of the asset plus
interest over a period of time.
17. 7. Assistance to other financial institutions:
In every State, State Finance Corporations have been promoted for
financing small scale industries. They are under the control of respective
state governments. At the national level, a separate corporation is promoted
for financing small scale industries called National Small Scale Industries
Corporation. This was started in 1995 to promote, aid and ensure faster
growth in small scale industries.
8. Automatic finance scheme:
Refinance facilities under automatic finance scheme is also provided which
was initially for Rs. 50 lakhs. Now with the increase in the capital limit of
small scale industries, this finance scheme has also increased its limit to
Rs. 2 crores.
18. 9. Modernization:
The technology development which has taken place in various industries
has also spread to small scale industries and to meet the requirements of
technology upgradation, a separate fund has been set up by SIDBI, through
which it provides Technology upgradation equipment finance.
10. Venture capital:
Venture capital fund for the promotion of new entrepreneurs has been set
up. For this purpose, IDBI, the holding company of SIDBI provides funds.
New ventures in different areas with high technical know how is
encouraged under the scheme. Though this scheme is in the initial stage,
this will promote more new small scale industries.
Start up companies with a potential to grow need a certain amount
of investment. Wealthy investors like to invest their capital in such
businesses with a long-term growth perspective. This capital is known
as venture capital and the investors are called venture capitalists.
19. 11. Single window scheme:
This scheme was introduced by SIDBI for providing finance to
commercial banks which in turn will give all kinds of assistance to small
scale industries. That is, from registration units to marketing of products
will be undertaken under this scheme.
The creation of SIDBI has certainly improved the growth of small scale
industries in the country. Apart from financing, banks have identified the
weak areas of small scale industries and have attempted to improve the
same. This will go a long way in not only strengthening SSI units but also
in the creation of employment opportunities in rural areas.
20.
21.
22. Small Industrial Development Bank of India (SIDBI):
The aim of SIDBI’s EDP is to build and nurture a reservoir of entrepreneurs. Such
EDP is conducted through the specialized agencies in Entrepreneurship
Development Institute of India, Institute of Entrepreneurship Development (IEDs),
Centre for Entrepreneurship Development (CEDs), Technical Consultancy
Organization (TCOs) and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs).
Management deficiency and a low level of skills and technology have been some
of the major weaknesses of small industries. SIDBI is constantly endeavouring to
address these problems by bringing reputed management and technical institutions
close to the small scale industries and arranging specially designed programmes
viz. Small Industries Management Assistants Programme (SIMAP) and skill cum
Technology Up-gradation Programme (STUP).10The objective of SIMAP is to
develop a cadre of industrial managers specifically trained to assist the SSI
entrepreneurs in their multiple responsibilities. STUP is structured to improve the
performance of the existing SSI units by developing/ strengthening managerial
skills and technical competence of the entrepreneurs and senior executives of the
small enterprises.