Fee based financial services allow institutions to earn income through fees, dividends, and brokerage from specialized operations. Some examples include credit cards which charge interest for short term borrowing, debit cards which allow direct access to bank accounts for purchases and withdrawals, smart cards which store and transact data via an embedded computer chip, automated teller machines which allow customers to access accounts and perform banking without a teller, and safe deposit lockers which provide secure storage of valuables in a bank vault.