River processes
•Download as PPT, PDF•
1 like•1,051 views
This document discusses the different methods by which materials are transported by rivers: Traction involves large rocks and boulders being rolled along the river bed, especially during floods. Saltation involves small stones being bounced along the river bed in a leaping motion. Suspension involves very small particles like sand or silt being carried along within the water. Solution involves materials like pollutants or limestone being dissolved in the water. The document also provides a diagram to label the different transportation methods and discusses various types of erosion like attrition, corrasion, corrosion, and hydraulic action.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Waterfalls 2nd ppt
Rivers pass over a hard cap rock with softer rock below. As the river erodes the softer rock faster than the hard rock, it creates an overhang. The overhang eventually collapses, forming a steep-sided gorge and waterfall that retreats upstream through further erosion.
rivers
Rivers have several key features and landforms associated with them. Meanders are bends in the river, which typically form in the middle and lower stretches where the water flows more slowly. Tributaries are smaller streams or rivers that flow into a larger river. Deltas are small islands of deposited sediment that form where a river meets the sea or a lake as the current slows.
Estuary
Estuaries are partially enclosed bodies of water formed where fresh river water meets and mixes with salty ocean water. They are formed through sea level rise flooding river valleys or filling glacial trenches. Estuaries act as sediment traps, collecting mud, clay and other materials transported by rivers and the sea over time. Key features include strong winds causing surface water circulation, rivers continuously supplying fresh water and sediment, and the fresh water gradually mixing with estuarine water before exiting into the coast.
Geography elective revision rivers
The document describes various processes involved in river erosion and deposition. It discusses seven transport processes - hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, solution, traction, saltation, and suspension - that erode and shape the river channel. It also describes deposition occurring when river energy decreases, forming features like deltas and levees. The document contrasts erosion and deposition patterns in the upper, middle, and lower course and discusses landforms formed through vertical erosion like gorges and waterfalls. River channel management techniques are also outlined.
Waterfall revision presentation
Presentation about waterfall creation, formation and all related processes. Provides valuable information for A-level Geography Students.
Waterfall poem claire-vanfleteren
The document describes water flowing over land and eroding rocks and sand over many years to form riverbeds and waterfalls. It notes how waterfalls are natural wonders that amaze observers as the heavy mass of water plunges downward, creating a spectacle for all to see. Each waterfall is unique yet they share the common trait of being beautiful spectacles.
The work of rivers 2
Rivers erode, transport, and deposit sediment as they flow across the landscape. Erosion occurs through abrasion, attrition, hydraulic action, and solution. Sediment is transported through traction, saltation, suspension, and solution. Deposition takes place when the river's volume or speed decreases, such as when entering a lake or plain with a gentler slope. A river's erosional work shapes the terrain and depends on its volume and flow speed.
L5 levees & floodplain ap
Floodplains and levees are formed through deposition during river flooding. Heavier particles, such as pebbles, are the first to be deposited, forming levees close to the river channel. Lighter particles like sand, silt, and clay are deposited farther away on the floodplain as the river loses energy. Repeated flooding builds up the levees and expands the floodplain over time through sorted deposition of sediments of different sizes.
Recommended
Waterfalls 2nd ppt
Rivers pass over a hard cap rock with softer rock below. As the river erodes the softer rock faster than the hard rock, it creates an overhang. The overhang eventually collapses, forming a steep-sided gorge and waterfall that retreats upstream through further erosion.
rivers
Rivers have several key features and landforms associated with them. Meanders are bends in the river, which typically form in the middle and lower stretches where the water flows more slowly. Tributaries are smaller streams or rivers that flow into a larger river. Deltas are small islands of deposited sediment that form where a river meets the sea or a lake as the current slows.
Estuary
Estuaries are partially enclosed bodies of water formed where fresh river water meets and mixes with salty ocean water. They are formed through sea level rise flooding river valleys or filling glacial trenches. Estuaries act as sediment traps, collecting mud, clay and other materials transported by rivers and the sea over time. Key features include strong winds causing surface water circulation, rivers continuously supplying fresh water and sediment, and the fresh water gradually mixing with estuarine water before exiting into the coast.
Geography elective revision rivers
The document describes various processes involved in river erosion and deposition. It discusses seven transport processes - hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, solution, traction, saltation, and suspension - that erode and shape the river channel. It also describes deposition occurring when river energy decreases, forming features like deltas and levees. The document contrasts erosion and deposition patterns in the upper, middle, and lower course and discusses landforms formed through vertical erosion like gorges and waterfalls. River channel management techniques are also outlined.
Waterfall revision presentation
Presentation about waterfall creation, formation and all related processes. Provides valuable information for A-level Geography Students.
Waterfall poem claire-vanfleteren
The document describes water flowing over land and eroding rocks and sand over many years to form riverbeds and waterfalls. It notes how waterfalls are natural wonders that amaze observers as the heavy mass of water plunges downward, creating a spectacle for all to see. Each waterfall is unique yet they share the common trait of being beautiful spectacles.
The work of rivers 2
Rivers erode, transport, and deposit sediment as they flow across the landscape. Erosion occurs through abrasion, attrition, hydraulic action, and solution. Sediment is transported through traction, saltation, suspension, and solution. Deposition takes place when the river's volume or speed decreases, such as when entering a lake or plain with a gentler slope. A river's erosional work shapes the terrain and depends on its volume and flow speed.
L5 levees & floodplain ap
Floodplains and levees are formed through deposition during river flooding. Heavier particles, such as pebbles, are the first to be deposited, forming levees close to the river channel. Lighter particles like sand, silt, and clay are deposited farther away on the floodplain as the river loses energy. Repeated flooding builds up the levees and expands the floodplain over time through sorted deposition of sediments of different sizes.
The Formation Of A Waterfall
AS-Level Geography description of how a waterfall is formed with diagrams and a case study. Step-by-step formation.
Pebble
Rocky was originally a pebble resting on a mountain. During a landslide, Rocky was tossed down the mountain and into a stream, where erosion from the moving water began to wear Rocky down into a smaller size. Rocky then flowed into increasingly mature rivers where more erosion occurred, making Rocky smaller still. Eventually, Rocky stopped in a delta and sat until waves pushed him back into the slow river. Rocky ended up washing ashore as a grain of sand, having been eroded down from his original pebble size by the forces of moving water and wind over his journey.
12 s070502 e_erosion and deposition ppt
Erosion is the process by which rock material is detached and transported from one location to another by forces like wind, water, ice or gravity. There are several types of erosion including wind erosion, water erosion, wave erosion, gravitational erosion and glacial erosion. Deposition occurs when the transported material can no longer be carried by the force and settles in a new location. Deposition happens through processes like decreasing wind speed, slowing water flow or melting ice. Erosion and deposition work together to continuously change the landscape over time as material is worn down and rebuilt in other areas.
River Features Map Task
Rivers create landforms through three main processes:
1) Erosion, such as hydraulic action, abrasion, and attrition which help form landforms like V-shaped valleys, waterfalls, and interlocking spurs in the upper course.
2) Transportation of material which leads to deposition and the formation of landforms like point bars inside river meanders in the middle course.
3) Deposition which is prominent in the lower course, creating large floodplains and deltas near the river mouth.
How effective has the bwaise lubigi drainage channel been
How much more does the government of Uganda to do for the population? How empowered is the population to sustain itself and the communities?
River final
The document discusses the course of a river from its source to its mouth. It begins by defining what a river is and explaining that rivers flow downhill via mountains, valleys, or plains towards an ocean or other body of water. It then discusses various river features and landforms created by erosion like waterfalls, V-shaped valleys, and potholes. The document also explains processes that shape the river channel like abrasion, attrition, and solution. Finally, it describes what happens as the river approaches its mouth, including levees, deltas, estuaries, and deposition of sediment.
Floodplain presentation
Presentation about floodplain creation and all related processes to it. Provides valuable information for A-level Geography Students.
RiverStream Initiative 2014
The Groton Sustainability Commission is concerned about ongoing erosion of the banks along the Squannacook and Nashua Rivers due to increased flooding from climate change. Global warming is predicted to cause more frequent, intense storms that result in greater river runoff and flooding. Data from a weather station shows floods on the Squannacook River are increasing in height and frequency since the 1980s. This frequent, intense flooding is eroding river banks, exposing tree roots and causing large trees to fall into the rivers. Areas of erosion on the Squannacook River could threaten a nearby road if not addressed. Global warming impacts like increased erosion are already occurring.
The water cycle
The water cycle describes how water is recycled on Earth through evaporation, condensation and precipitation. Water evaporates from bodies of water and land into water vapor, condenses into clouds, and falls back to the ground as precipitation like rain or snow, only to evaporate or be absorbed by plants and enter the cycle again, in a continuous loop that has occurred for billions of years.
Day 8 examples
The document contains three word problems involving related rates of change: 1) finding the rate of change of radius of a spherical balloon filling with gas, when the diameter is 18 inches. 2) finding the rate of change of circumference of circular waves expanding at 0.5 m/sec, when the radius is 4 meters. 3) involving a girl walking away from a pole and rates of change of the tip of her shadow and length of the shadow.
Fresh Surface Water
Lakes are inland bodies of water formed in depressions where water collects. They are formed through processes like diastrophism, glacial action, and volcanic activity. Lakes provide many benefits like transportation, water storage, hydroelectric power, and recreation. Specific types of lakes include kettle lakes formed in depressions left by melting glaciers, tarn lakes in mountain hollows, and volcanic lakes that form in volcanic craters. Oxbow lakes form from river meanders that are cut off. Swamps occur in low-lying areas and transition between lakes and dry land depending on the season. Rivers are natural freshwater streams that flow towards seas, lakes or other rivers. Meltwater from glaciers feeds streams
Block 1A Colorado River Presentation
The document summarizes key aspects of the water cycle in Colorado as it relates to the Colorado River. It discusses the headwaters of the river in the mountains where snowpack and glaciers feed the river. It also mentions cloud seeding to increase snowpack and irrigation of orchards. The document outlines how invasive tamarisk trees increase water use and reservoirs are used to control water flow and enable hydropower. Contamination from abandoned mines pollutes the river as well.
River bluffs
Bluffs are steep cliffs formed by river erosion on the outside of river bends called meanders. They are typically found in the lower courses of rivers where deposition occurs from low water velocity. River bluffs are formed as the river erodes the outside of meanders, leaving high steep cliffs along the sides of the river valley.
Landforms2
This document discusses how moving water shapes the landscape. It explains that as water moves through the water cycle, it causes erosion which turns rock into soil and shapes shorelines. The document is about a lesson on how rain, snow, and other forms of precipitation move water and cause erosion that changes the topography of the land over time.
Geol3 presentation2 ( continued)
The document discusses different sedimentary environments and provides examples of each:
1) An example of erosion on a small scale showing harder surfaces preventing erosion underneath.
2) The marine environment being the continental shelf underwater, as seen in a photo of the Pacific Ocean.
3) A photo example of a continental environment with mountains collecting snow that melts into channels and deposits sediments downstream.
4) Transitional environments like coastlines and beaches seen in a photo of the author at a beach town as tides change the coastline exposure.
Waterfalls article
Waterfalls are formed when water flows over resistant rock in a river channel. As the water moves faster at the edge of the waterfall, it erodes the rock material and causes the waterfall to recede upstream over time. This process carves deeper canyons and gorges downstream as the waterfall recedes. Waterfalls typically erode the rock shelf underneath through splashback and undercutting, eventually causing collapse that adds rock debris to the base and further erodes the area.
Sand Dune Ecosystems
The sand dunes show different stages of development as you move inland from the shoreline. Embryo dunes near the beach are less than 1 meter tall and only stabilized by debris. Foredunes a little further inland reach up to 5 meters tall with grasses like marram grass stabilizing the sand. Yellow dunes have greater plant diversity as conditions improve, with dunes 5-10 meters tall and 80% plant coverage.
Sec 1 NA - River system & drainage
The document discusses key features and processes related to river systems, including the drainage basin, tributaries, confluence, watershed, waterfalls, meanders, and river mouths. It explains that a river's drainage basin is the area that drains into the river and its tributaries, and that waterfalls form when a river flows over mixed hard and soft rocks, eroding the soft rocks more quickly to form a ledge. It also describes how river meanders and oxbow lakes are formed by rivers and that sediments deposited at river mouths over time create deltas with distributaries.
Sand dunes
1) The document describes the succession of vegetation communities as coastal sand dunes develop over time from embryo dunes closest to the shoreline to more mature forested dunes further inland.
2) Pioneer plant species like sea couch grass and sea rocket colonize the embryo dunes, stabilizing the sand and allowing other grasses like marram grass and lyme grass to develop the fore dunes.
3) As the dunes grow in size and vegetation covers more of the sand, plant diversity increases and soil develops in the yellow and grey dunes, allowing shrubs and small trees to take root in the most mature inland dunes.
Global Water Cycle in Hawaii
The document discusses the global water cycle, explaining that water is essential for life and circulates around the Earth in a continuous process. It describes the major components of the water cycle, including evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, and collection. The water cycle is driven by energy from the sun, which causes water to evaporate from oceans, lakes, and other bodies of water before condensing in clouds and falling as precipitation only to be collected and start the cycle again.
River processes
River processes include abrasion/corrosion, attrition, hydraulic action, and corrosion/solution. Abrasion occurs as rock fragments carried in the riverbed wear away the riverbed and banks. Attrition involves the smoothing of rocks through pebbles and rocks colliding. Hydraulic action is when moving water is forced against riverbanks, causing them to collapse. Corrosion/solution uses the chemical reaction of slightly acidic water dissolving rocks like limestone. Other factors affecting erosion rates include gradient, rock type, bedload, and human factors.
River Processes & Landscapes
In the upper course, the river channel is narrow and steep as it cuts downwards through the landscape. In the middle course, the river widens and deepens its channel through lateral erosion, forming meander loops that can become cut off to create oxbow lakes. In the lower course, the river slows and widens its floodplain, where deposition builds up rich alluvial soil and landforms like natural levees and deltas can form at the river's mouth.
More Related Content
What's hot
The Formation Of A Waterfall
AS-Level Geography description of how a waterfall is formed with diagrams and a case study. Step-by-step formation.
Pebble
Rocky was originally a pebble resting on a mountain. During a landslide, Rocky was tossed down the mountain and into a stream, where erosion from the moving water began to wear Rocky down into a smaller size. Rocky then flowed into increasingly mature rivers where more erosion occurred, making Rocky smaller still. Eventually, Rocky stopped in a delta and sat until waves pushed him back into the slow river. Rocky ended up washing ashore as a grain of sand, having been eroded down from his original pebble size by the forces of moving water and wind over his journey.
12 s070502 e_erosion and deposition ppt
Erosion is the process by which rock material is detached and transported from one location to another by forces like wind, water, ice or gravity. There are several types of erosion including wind erosion, water erosion, wave erosion, gravitational erosion and glacial erosion. Deposition occurs when the transported material can no longer be carried by the force and settles in a new location. Deposition happens through processes like decreasing wind speed, slowing water flow or melting ice. Erosion and deposition work together to continuously change the landscape over time as material is worn down and rebuilt in other areas.
River Features Map Task
Rivers create landforms through three main processes:
1) Erosion, such as hydraulic action, abrasion, and attrition which help form landforms like V-shaped valleys, waterfalls, and interlocking spurs in the upper course.
2) Transportation of material which leads to deposition and the formation of landforms like point bars inside river meanders in the middle course.
3) Deposition which is prominent in the lower course, creating large floodplains and deltas near the river mouth.
How effective has the bwaise lubigi drainage channel been
How much more does the government of Uganda to do for the population? How empowered is the population to sustain itself and the communities?
River final
The document discusses the course of a river from its source to its mouth. It begins by defining what a river is and explaining that rivers flow downhill via mountains, valleys, or plains towards an ocean or other body of water. It then discusses various river features and landforms created by erosion like waterfalls, V-shaped valleys, and potholes. The document also explains processes that shape the river channel like abrasion, attrition, and solution. Finally, it describes what happens as the river approaches its mouth, including levees, deltas, estuaries, and deposition of sediment.
Floodplain presentation
Presentation about floodplain creation and all related processes to it. Provides valuable information for A-level Geography Students.
RiverStream Initiative 2014
The Groton Sustainability Commission is concerned about ongoing erosion of the banks along the Squannacook and Nashua Rivers due to increased flooding from climate change. Global warming is predicted to cause more frequent, intense storms that result in greater river runoff and flooding. Data from a weather station shows floods on the Squannacook River are increasing in height and frequency since the 1980s. This frequent, intense flooding is eroding river banks, exposing tree roots and causing large trees to fall into the rivers. Areas of erosion on the Squannacook River could threaten a nearby road if not addressed. Global warming impacts like increased erosion are already occurring.
The water cycle
The water cycle describes how water is recycled on Earth through evaporation, condensation and precipitation. Water evaporates from bodies of water and land into water vapor, condenses into clouds, and falls back to the ground as precipitation like rain or snow, only to evaporate or be absorbed by plants and enter the cycle again, in a continuous loop that has occurred for billions of years.
Day 8 examples
The document contains three word problems involving related rates of change: 1) finding the rate of change of radius of a spherical balloon filling with gas, when the diameter is 18 inches. 2) finding the rate of change of circumference of circular waves expanding at 0.5 m/sec, when the radius is 4 meters. 3) involving a girl walking away from a pole and rates of change of the tip of her shadow and length of the shadow.
Fresh Surface Water
Lakes are inland bodies of water formed in depressions where water collects. They are formed through processes like diastrophism, glacial action, and volcanic activity. Lakes provide many benefits like transportation, water storage, hydroelectric power, and recreation. Specific types of lakes include kettle lakes formed in depressions left by melting glaciers, tarn lakes in mountain hollows, and volcanic lakes that form in volcanic craters. Oxbow lakes form from river meanders that are cut off. Swamps occur in low-lying areas and transition between lakes and dry land depending on the season. Rivers are natural freshwater streams that flow towards seas, lakes or other rivers. Meltwater from glaciers feeds streams
Block 1A Colorado River Presentation
The document summarizes key aspects of the water cycle in Colorado as it relates to the Colorado River. It discusses the headwaters of the river in the mountains where snowpack and glaciers feed the river. It also mentions cloud seeding to increase snowpack and irrigation of orchards. The document outlines how invasive tamarisk trees increase water use and reservoirs are used to control water flow and enable hydropower. Contamination from abandoned mines pollutes the river as well.
River bluffs
Bluffs are steep cliffs formed by river erosion on the outside of river bends called meanders. They are typically found in the lower courses of rivers where deposition occurs from low water velocity. River bluffs are formed as the river erodes the outside of meanders, leaving high steep cliffs along the sides of the river valley.
Landforms2
This document discusses how moving water shapes the landscape. It explains that as water moves through the water cycle, it causes erosion which turns rock into soil and shapes shorelines. The document is about a lesson on how rain, snow, and other forms of precipitation move water and cause erosion that changes the topography of the land over time.
Geol3 presentation2 ( continued)
The document discusses different sedimentary environments and provides examples of each:
1) An example of erosion on a small scale showing harder surfaces preventing erosion underneath.
2) The marine environment being the continental shelf underwater, as seen in a photo of the Pacific Ocean.
3) A photo example of a continental environment with mountains collecting snow that melts into channels and deposits sediments downstream.
4) Transitional environments like coastlines and beaches seen in a photo of the author at a beach town as tides change the coastline exposure.
Waterfalls article
Waterfalls are formed when water flows over resistant rock in a river channel. As the water moves faster at the edge of the waterfall, it erodes the rock material and causes the waterfall to recede upstream over time. This process carves deeper canyons and gorges downstream as the waterfall recedes. Waterfalls typically erode the rock shelf underneath through splashback and undercutting, eventually causing collapse that adds rock debris to the base and further erodes the area.
Sand Dune Ecosystems
The sand dunes show different stages of development as you move inland from the shoreline. Embryo dunes near the beach are less than 1 meter tall and only stabilized by debris. Foredunes a little further inland reach up to 5 meters tall with grasses like marram grass stabilizing the sand. Yellow dunes have greater plant diversity as conditions improve, with dunes 5-10 meters tall and 80% plant coverage.
Sec 1 NA - River system & drainage
The document discusses key features and processes related to river systems, including the drainage basin, tributaries, confluence, watershed, waterfalls, meanders, and river mouths. It explains that a river's drainage basin is the area that drains into the river and its tributaries, and that waterfalls form when a river flows over mixed hard and soft rocks, eroding the soft rocks more quickly to form a ledge. It also describes how river meanders and oxbow lakes are formed by rivers and that sediments deposited at river mouths over time create deltas with distributaries.
Sand dunes
1) The document describes the succession of vegetation communities as coastal sand dunes develop over time from embryo dunes closest to the shoreline to more mature forested dunes further inland.
2) Pioneer plant species like sea couch grass and sea rocket colonize the embryo dunes, stabilizing the sand and allowing other grasses like marram grass and lyme grass to develop the fore dunes.
3) As the dunes grow in size and vegetation covers more of the sand, plant diversity increases and soil develops in the yellow and grey dunes, allowing shrubs and small trees to take root in the most mature inland dunes.
Global Water Cycle in Hawaii
The document discusses the global water cycle, explaining that water is essential for life and circulates around the Earth in a continuous process. It describes the major components of the water cycle, including evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, and collection. The water cycle is driven by energy from the sun, which causes water to evaporate from oceans, lakes, and other bodies of water before condensing in clouds and falling as precipitation only to be collected and start the cycle again.
What's hot (20)
How effective has the bwaise lubigi drainage channel been
How effective has the bwaise lubigi drainage channel been
Viewers also liked
River processes
River processes include abrasion/corrosion, attrition, hydraulic action, and corrosion/solution. Abrasion occurs as rock fragments carried in the riverbed wear away the riverbed and banks. Attrition involves the smoothing of rocks through pebbles and rocks colliding. Hydraulic action is when moving water is forced against riverbanks, causing them to collapse. Corrosion/solution uses the chemical reaction of slightly acidic water dissolving rocks like limestone. Other factors affecting erosion rates include gradient, rock type, bedload, and human factors.
River Processes & Landscapes
In the upper course, the river channel is narrow and steep as it cuts downwards through the landscape. In the middle course, the river widens and deepens its channel through lateral erosion, forming meander loops that can become cut off to create oxbow lakes. In the lower course, the river slows and widens its floodplain, where deposition builds up rich alluvial soil and landforms like natural levees and deltas can form at the river's mouth.
River processes
The document discusses the four main processes of erosion by rivers: abrasion (corrasion), hydraulic action, solution (corrosion), and attrition. It explains each process in detail. Corrasion involves rocks in the river's load scraping against the bed and banks, while corrosion dissolves certain rock types due to the river's slight acidity. Hydraulic action removes rocks from the bed and banks through the force of moving water, strongest in rapids. Attrition erodes the river's load as pieces knock together. The document also notes that erosion is more vertical near the source and more lateral further downstream.
River processes & landforms
This document discusses river processes and landforms. It explains that rivers erode, transport, and deposit sediment as they flow downstream. The faster the river flows and the greater its volume, the larger particles it can transport. A river's load gets deposited when the river loses energy. The channel changes as the river flows from its upper to middle to lower courses, with meanders and floodplains developing over time. Living in floodplains and deltas provides benefits but also flood risks that can be mitigated through various prevention methods.
Key Stage 3 Geography - Niagara Falls Editable PowerPoint
Niagara Falls is located between the United States and Canada. There is a waterfall and gorge at Niagara Falls due to erosion over thousands of years as the Great Lakes drained water over the edge of the Niagara Escarpment. Niagara Falls provides hydroelectric power and is a major tourist attraction known for its beauty.
Types of Rivers
The drainage pattern shown is dendritic. A dendritic drainage pattern occurs in regions where the underlying rock is uniform in its resistance to erosion. It resembles the branching pattern of a tree, with many small tributaries that join together into larger streams and rivers, eventually converging to a single outlet. The branching tributaries meet the main rivers at acute angles. This type of drainage pattern suggests an underlying topography that has a uniform resistance to erosion, allowing the drainage network to develop evenly in all directions without being controlled by the geology.
Fluvial Geomorphology
This document discusses fluvial landscapes and processes. It begins by defining base level as the lowest level a river can erode down to, which is ultimately sea level. It then describes how above base level, rivers engage in downcutting and have more energy for erosion. Closer to base level, rivers meander laterally and deposit material. Common landforms include meandering streams, floodplains, deltas, and entrenched meanders formed by tectonic uplift. The document also discusses drainage patterns, watersheds, stream flow, fluvial processes of erosion and deposition, and flooding events.
Viewers also liked (7)
Key Stage 3 Geography - Niagara Falls Editable PowerPoint
Key Stage 3 Geography - Niagara Falls Editable PowerPoint
Similar to River processes
River processes
River processes involve the transportation and erosion of sediment from mountains to the sea. Transportation occurs through saltation, solution, suspension, and traction. Erosion wears away sediment through corrasion, attrition, corrosion, and hydraulic action. Deposition is the opposite of erosion and occurs when the river's energy decreases, causing it to drop the sediment it was carrying, such as pebbles, stones, mud, sand, silt, and debris.
EROSION AND DEPOSITION.pptx topic on soil
erosion and deposition is a topic on soil essential to the sudy in both science and environmental science
11-170501121915.pdf
Rivers shape the surrounding land through the processes of erosion, transportation, and deposition as they flow from their source to their mouth. Erosion involves the wearing away of river beds and banks by hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, and solution. Rivers pick up and carry material in suspension, saltation, and traction. The energy levels of rivers determine what materials can be transported, with higher energy near sources allowing larger objects and lower energy at mouths resulting in deposition. Deposition occurs when a river's energy decreases, such as when entering shallow water or after floods, often building up deltas at river mouths.
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: RIVER PROCESSES
Rivers shape the surrounding land through the processes of erosion, transportation, and deposition as they flow from their source to their mouth. Erosion involves the wearing away of river beds and banks by hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, and solution. Rivers pick up and carry materials through processes like suspension, saltation, and traction. The energy levels of rivers determine what materials can be transported, with higher energy near sources allowing larger objects and lower energy at mouths resulting in deposition. Deposition occurs when rivers enter shallow water or experience decreased volume, such as after floods or in drought, commonly forming deltas at river mouths.
Running water-Geomorhology Chapter
Running water is the primary agent of erosion on Earth's surface, though its role is limited in some glaciated and desert areas. Streams erode through processes like abrasion, attrition, solution, and hydraulic action. As they flow downhill, their kinetic energy is used to transport sediment in suspension, saltation, traction, or solution. When the stream's energy decreases, such as when entering flatter terrain, sediment is deposited in features like point bars, floodplains, levees, meanders, and deltas. Meanders may be cut off over time, forming oxbow lakes.
Chapter 9 Erosion PowerPoint
The document summarizes various processes of erosion and deposition that shape Earth's surface over time. It discusses how weathering, erosion, and deposition act in a cycle to wear down and build up the landscape. Various landforms are formed through these processes operating on the surface by rivers, glaciers, waves, wind, and gravity. Rivers cut through bedrock, carve valleys and canyons, and form deltas where they meet the sea. Glaciers erode and transport debris, leaving behind deposits like moraines. Waves shape coastal cliffs and deposits beaches and barrier islands. Wind erodes dry areas into sand dunes. Mass movement involves gravity-driven erosion in landslides. Together these processes have sculpted the
The work of rivers
The document discusses the three main functions of rivers: erosion, transportation, and deposition. It describes the four primary ways that rivers erode the landscape: abrasion, attrition, hydraulic action, and solution. It also outlines the four methods that rivers transport sediment: traction, saltation, suspension, and solution. Finally, it explains that rivers deposit their sediment loads when their volume or speed decreases, such as when entering a lake or plain with a gentler slope.
Mass movement
This document discusses weathering and mass movement. It defines weathering as the breaking down of rock without moving forces, while erosion involves moving forces like waves. It lists three types of weathering - salt crystal growth, acid rain, and biological weathering. The document also describes rotational slumping as a type of mass movement where rainfall saturates a clay cliff, making it heavier and causing rocks to slide down in a rotational manner.
Sedimentary rocks
Sedimentary rocks are formed by the compaction and cementation of sediments such as pieces of older rocks or organic materials. Over long periods of time, layers of sediment deposited by water or wind are compressed under intense pressure, bonding the sediments together into rock. The main types of sedimentary rocks are clastic rocks such as sandstone and mudstone, which form from compressed and cemented sand and mud sediments, as well as biochemical and chemical rocks. Fossils are often preserved in the layers of sediment that become sedimentary rock.
River Erosion and its Associated fetures
This document discusses river landforms and processes. It begins with a longitudinal profile diagram showing how a river's gradient is steepest at the headwaters and gentlest near the base level. It also includes diagrams of drainage patterns and stream order. Common river features are described such as meanders, floodplains, levees, and the formation of ox-bow lakes. The four main methods of river erosion and three methods of sediment transportation are defined. River landforms like waterfalls and pot holes are also examined. The document concludes with descriptions of the different stages in river development from youth to maturity.
Rivers
Rivers go through three stages as they flow from their source to the sea - youthful, mature, and old. In the youthful stage, the fast-moving river erodes the landscape, creating V-shaped valleys, interlocking spurs, and waterfalls. During the mature stage, the river transports eroded material and deposits it, forming wider valleys, meanders, and flood plains. In the slow-moving old stage, deposition creates features like ox-bow lakes, levees, and deltas at the river's mouth. Rivers have long been important to people for transportation, water, and more recently, power generation through hydroelectric dams.
River landforms - braiding
Braided rivers have multiple intertwining channels that diverge and converge around sediment islands. They form in areas with high sediment loads where the river flow speed varies greatly. Braiding occurs when high velocity rivers carry large amounts of sediment, which deposits and causes the main channel to split into several smaller channels that braid around islands as the river seeks new paths to the mouth. Examples include the Rakaia River in New Zealand and the Son-Kul River in Kyrgyzstan.
GEOGRAPHY CAMBRIDGE IGCSE: RIVERS PROCESSES AND FEATURES
GEOGRAPHY CAMBRIDGE IGCSE: RIVERS PROCESSES AND FEATURES. Presentation suitable for Year 11 Geography students.
Geology Test Revision
A really useful Revision resource about Geology, covering everything on the topic including:
- Igneous Rocks
-Sedimentary Rocks
- Metamorphic Rocks
-Physical, Biological and Chemical Weathering
- Transportation and Erosion
- Fossils
- Minerals
Using this revision guide you will know everything you need to know about Geology.
Rocks - Sedimentary
There are three main types of sedimentary rocks: clastic, chemical, and organic. Clastic rocks form from the weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks, with the sediments deposited and compacted over time. Chemical rocks form when dissolved minerals precipitate out of solution. Organic rocks form from the remains of once-living organisms.
The work of rivers
Rivers shape the landscape through three main functions: erosion, transportation, and deposition. Erosion occurs via abrasion, attrition, hydraulic action, and solution as a river carries rock and sediment in its flow. Transportation involves traction, saltation, suspension, and solution of materials. Deposition happens when a river's volume or speed decreases as it enters areas like lakes, seas, or plains with gentler slopes. A river's erosional and depositional work depends on its energy, which relates to its volume, flow speed, and gradient of the land.
River erosion
This document outlines key features of river erosion and river systems. It begins with a longitudinal profile diagram showing how a river's gradient is steepest at the headwaters and gentlest near the base level. It then discusses drainage patterns like dendritic and trellis. Common river features like meanders and waterfalls are also explained. The document covers the erosional work of rivers through processes like abrasion and hydraulic action. Methods of sediment transportation like suspension and traction are outlined. Stages in river development from youthful to mature to old age are also summarized.
Geomorphological variations within drainage basins
1) Erosion by rivers occurs through various processes including abrasion, attrition, hydraulic action, and solution which break down river banks and beds.
2) Transportation in rivers includes suspension of small particles, solution of dissolved materials, and bedload movement of larger particles through saltation or traction.
3) Deposition happens when river velocity decreases due to factors like lower rainfall, entering a lake, becoming shallower, or overflowing banks, causing sediment to be left behind.
Depositional landforms
Floodplains form along river banks when flooding deposits sediment. Levees are natural embankments of coarser sediment deposited along river banks during floods. Braided rivers divide into small streams separated by islands of deposited gravel and sand within the channel. Deltas are flat lands formed of sediments deposited at river mouths, with distributaries transporting sediment into the sea.
Weathering (teach)
The document discusses the destructive forces that weather landforms over time. It describes weathering as the process where rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by forces like water, freezing and thawing, plant and animal activity, and acid in water. Weathering destroys existing landforms and creates new ones through erosion and deposition. The two main components of destructive forces are weathering, which breaks rocks into smaller pieces, and erosion, which transports weathered material.
Similar to River processes (20)
GEOGRAPHY CAMBRIDGE IGCSE: RIVERS PROCESSES AND FEATURES
GEOGRAPHY CAMBRIDGE IGCSE: RIVERS PROCESSES AND FEATURES
Geomorphological variations within drainage basins
Geomorphological variations within drainage basins
More from sidraqasim99
Volume and surface area formulae
This document provides formulas for calculating geometric properties of various 2D and 3D shapes. It includes formulas for calculating the perimeter and area of rectangles, squares, triangles, and circles. It also provides formulas for calculating the surface area and volume of 3D shapes like rectangular prisms, triangular prisms, cylinders, cones, spheres, and square-based pyramids.
Topic 15 algebra 2
The document summarizes key concepts about sequences and simultaneous equations in algebra 2. It provides examples and explanations of linear sequences, writing the nth term formula, and solving simultaneous equations using substitution and elimination methods. Sample examination questions are also included to assess understanding of finding missing terms in a sequence, writing the nth term formula, and solving simultaneous equations word problems involving two unknown variables.
Topic 14 algebra
The document discusses rules for indices and factorizing algebraic expressions. It provides examples of:
- Multiplying and dividing terms with the same base using index rules like ab × ac = ab+c and ab ÷ ac = ab-c.
- Expanding single and double brackets by distributing terms.
- Finding common factors to group like terms.
- Factorizing quadratics and using differences of squares.
- Solving equations set equal to zero by factorizing.
Topic 11 straight line graphs
The document discusses drawing and finding equations of straight lines from tables of values and graphs. It provides examples of:
- Drawing lines from equations by making tables of x- and y-values and plotting points
- Finding the gradient and y-intercept from linear equations
- Using graphs to solve simultaneous equations by finding the point of intersection
- Finding equations of lines from their graphs by calculating gradient and y-intercept
- Drawing lines that pass through given points and are parallel to other lines.
Topic 9 pythagoras
Pythagoras' Theorem allows you to calculate the lengths of sides in a right-angled triangle. It states that the square of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. The theorem can be used to find missing side lengths or to determine if a triangle is right-angled. It is commonly applied to problems involving distances, lengths, and geometrical shapes containing right triangles.
Statistics excellent
This document provides lesson objectives and activities for interpreting pie charts at levels 5-6. The objectives are to accurately construct and interpret pie charts, and identify which enterprise skills the activities are using. The activities include card sorting, mathematical anagrams, and bingo games involving interpreting information from pie charts such as percentages, fractions, and totals. Learners are asked to analyze pie charts representing survey results and solve problems involving the data shown.
Pie charts (interpreting and drawing)
The document provides guidance on interpreting pie charts and calculating quantities represented by each slice. It includes examples of pie charts with data on drinks sold, sports favored, types of crisps sold, and musical instruments played. The user is asked to draw pie charts based on this data and complete pie charts using frequency tables.
Geometry formula sheet
This document contains formulas for calculating the areas, volumes, and surface areas of various 2D and 3D shapes. It includes formulas for calculating the area of triangles, parallelograms, trapezoids, circles, rhombi/kites, and regular polygons. For 3D shapes it includes formulas for calculating the volume, surface area, and lateral area of rectangular prisms, other prisms, cylinders, pyramids, and cones. It also contains the Pythagorean theorem and formulas for calculating trigonometric ratios, circumferences, and the altitude of a triangle.
Drawing pie charts[1]
Pie charts represent data using circular sections, where each section represents a portion of the whole and its corresponding value. To create a pie chart, the total value is calculated and each portion is expressed as a fraction of the total. This fraction is then multiplied by 360 degrees to determine the central angle of each section. The document provides an example of drawing a pie chart showing the favorite sports of 24 pupils, calculating the central angle for each section based on its portion of the total. It also includes two word problems asking to draw pie charts representing data on crisps flavors and cars sold each day.
Topic 24 further volume and surface area
The document discusses volume and surface area formulas for various shapes including spheres, cones, pyramids, cylinders. It provides examples of calculating volumes and surface areas using the appropriate formulas. Formulas covered include volume of a sphere, cone, cylinder, pyramid as well as surface area of a sphere, cylinder, cone, and total surface area of composite shapes. Worked examples demonstrate applying the formulas to solve word problems involving various shapes.
Formation of coastal features
This document discusses coastal landforms resulting from erosion and depositional processes. Coastal features like sea cliffs, wave-cut platforms, headlands, bays, arches, and stacks are formed by erosion from the sea. Depositional features include beaches, spits, and tombolos, which are formed when sediments are deposited by sea movements.
8 h the_rock_cycle
The document discusses the three main types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma produced by volcanoes. Sedimentary rocks often have layers and may contain fossils. Metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks undergoing heat and pressure. The rock cycle describes how rocks continuously change between these three types through geological processes like erosion and metamorphism.
Coast and waves
This lesson covers different types of waves and how they impact coastlines differently. It will define the coast and its three zones, and name the two types of waves - constructive and destructive. Constructive waves are low in height and energy and build up beaches by depositing sediment, while destructive waves are higher and more energetic, eroding beaches by pulling sediment offshore. The lesson will explain how the characteristics and effects of these wave types differ.
Formation of coastal features
This document discusses different coastal landforms that result from erosion and depositional processes. Coastal features like sea cliffs, wave cut platforms, headlands, bays, arches and stacks are formed by erosion. Depositional processes form beaches, spits and tombolos by the movement and accumulation of beach sediments.
The effects of the voyages of discovery
The document summarizes the effects of voyages of discovery to Asia and America in the 15th-17th centuries. Voyages to America introduced many new goods and allowed for colonization, while voyages to Asia primarily reduced prices and increased quantities of existing goods like spices and textiles. Long term effects included the decline of overland Silk Road trade dominated by Arab merchants, and the rise of sea-faring nations like Portugal and Spain who gained control over new trade routes and began establishing global colonial empires.
Voyages of discovery
The document discusses the reasons for and key figures in early voyages of discovery eastwards. Muslims controlled trade routes like the Silk Road and taxed goods heavily, creating demand for alternative routes. Technological advances in navigation, ship designs, and weapons enabled explorers like Prince Henry the Navigator, Bartolomeu Dias, and Vasco da Gama to seek new trade routes by sea for reasons of profit, religion, and exploration. Dias was the first to sail around the southern tip of Africa, named Cape of Good Hope, while Da Gama established the first direct ocean route from Europe to India.
The power of the church and the pope
The document outlines the power and hierarchy of the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages. It describes how the Pope became the head of the Western church after the Roman Emperor moved the capital to Constantinople. The Pope had authority over archbishops, bishops, priests, monks and nuns. Disagreeing with the Pope could result in excommunication, which meant you could be killed without punishment. The document also discusses how Charlemagne was crowned by the Pope, demonstrating the Pope's authority over rulers.
The early crusades
The Crusades were religious wars between Christians and Muslims over control of Jerusalem, which was considered a holy city by both faiths. When the Muslim Turks captured Jerusalem in 1099, Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade to retake the city. Peasant armies and knights answered the call but many peasants were killed by the Turks while the knights succeeded in capturing Jerusalem. However, Saladin later led the Muslims to victory in the Second Crusade, retaking much of the territory.
Mapping skills
This document discusses key concepts in mapping skills including latitude and longitude which form a grid system to identify locations on Earth. It also describes the International Date Line, and different types of photographs used in mapping like landscape photographs, aerial photographs, and satellite images which can show weather conditions and infrared energy using color coding. A key is needed to understand what different colors represent in a satellite image, such as white showing beaches and dark blue showing deep bodies of water.
Voyages of discovery
The document discusses the reasons for and key figures in early voyages of discovery eastwards. Muslims controlled trade routes like the Silk Road and taxed goods heavily, creating demand for alternative routes. Technological advances in navigation, ship designs, and weapons enabled explorers like Prince Henry the Navigator, Bartolomeu Dias, and Vasco da Gama to seek new trade routes by sea for reasons of profit, religion, and exploration. Dias was the first to sail around the southern tip of Africa, named Cape of Good Hope, while Da Gama established the first direct ocean route from Europe to India.
More from sidraqasim99 (20)
Recently uploaded
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Aberdeen
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Covered community pharmacy topic of the subject Social and preventive pharmacy for Diploma and Bachelor of pharmacy
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
Any substance (other than food) that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a
disease or abnormal condition
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Recently uploaded (20)
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
River processes
- 1. 1 Key words - Transportation. • Traction – where large rocks and boulders are rolled along the river bed. • Saltation – where smaller stones are bounced along the river bed in a leap frogging motion • Suspension – where very small grains of sand or silt are carried along with the water • Solution – where some material is dissolved (like sugar in a cup of tea) and is carried downstream.
- 2. 2 Traction Heavy rocks and boulders are rolled along the river bed. Happens most in times of flood, when the current is strongest.
- 3. 3 Saltation. Small stones and pebbles are ‘bounced’ along the river bed. Saltation can take place when the river flow is less than that needed for ‘Traction’ to take place.
- 4. 4 Suspension Very small particles of sand or clay that are ‘suspended’ in the water. These particles will ‘settle’ if kept in a jar of water overnight and the water will look clear.
- 5. 5 Solution. Takes place when material is dissolved in the water, it is invisible and does not colour the water. Occurs often in limestone landscapes where the water if very acidic. Some pollutants like weedkiller are also held in solution in the water
- 6. 6 Methods of transport Copy this picture into your books and add the title above and labels for each type of transport Traction Saltation Suspension Solution Shows the rate of flow needed
- 7. 7 Key Words - Erosion. • Attrition – where material is moved along the bed of a river, collides with other material, and breaks up into smaller and smaller pieces. • Corrasion – fine material rubs against the river bank. The bank is worn away, by a sort of sandpapering action called abrasion. • Corrosion – some rocks forming the banks and bed of a river are dissolved by acids in the water • Hydraulic action – the sheer force of water hitting the banks of the river.