Rivers create landforms through three main processes: 1) Erosion, such as hydraulic action, abrasion, and attrition which help form landforms like V-shaped valleys, waterfalls, and interlocking spurs in the upper course. 2) Transportation of material which leads to deposition and the formation of landforms like point bars inside river meanders in the middle course. 3) Deposition which is prominent in the lower course, creating large floodplains and deltas near the river mouth.

1. How do rivers create landforms? Starter: Name three river processes that create landforms(3) Simple answer 1)Erosion (you could name an example, e.g. hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, corrosion) 2)Transportation (e.g. saltation, solution, suspension) 3)Deposition

4. The upper stage of a river Write down any key words about the characteristics of the upper stage from this clip Upper course video

10. Draw a labelled sketch

12. Middle Course

17. Middle course - meanders

18. Lower Course Middle + Lower course video

23. Stages of a River Lots of deposition especially near mouth where river slows Deposition inside meander bends Some boulders too heavy to be transported in small stream Deposition Upper Stage Middle Stage Lower Stage Erosion Active vertical mostly Active vertical and horizontal erosion Some horizontal but not much erosion Gradient Steep, steep valley sides Becoming flat Flat Depth Deep Deep in places Shallow (because of deposition) Velocity Fast Medium Slow Width Narrow Wide in parts Very wide Volume Very low Medium Large Landforms Waterfalls, V-shaped valley, gorges, interlocking spurs Small meanders, oxbow lakes, small floodplains Floodplains, mouth, delta, estuary, large meanders, oxbows