Waterfalls article
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Waterfalls are formed when water flows over resistant rock in a river channel. As the water moves faster at the edge of the waterfall, it erodes the rock material and causes the waterfall to recede upstream over time. This process carves deeper canyons and gorges downstream as the waterfall recedes. Waterfalls typically erode the rock shelf underneath through splashback and undercutting, eventually causing collapse that adds rock debris to the base and further erodes the area.
![Waterfalls
Waterfalls are commonly formed in the upper course of the river.[1]
At these times the channel is often
narrow and deep. When the river courses over resistant bedrock, erosion happens slowly, while
downstream the erosion occurs more rapidly.[1][2]
As the watercourse increases its velocity at the edge of the
waterfall, it plucks material from the riverbed. Whirlpools created in the turbulence as well as sand and
stones carried by the watercourse increase the erosion capacity.[1]
This causes the waterfallto carve deeper
into the bed and to recede upstream. Often over time, the waterfall will recede back to form a canyon or
gorge downstream as it recedes upstream, and it will carve deeper into the ridge above it.[3]
The rate of
retreat for a waterfall can be as high as one and half meters per year.[1]
Often, the rock stratum just below the more resistant shelf will be of a softer type, meaning that
undercutting due to splashback will occur here to form a shallow cave-like formation known as a rock
shelter under and behind the waterfall. Eventually, the outcropping, more resistant cap rock will collapse
under pressure to add blocks of rock to the base of the waterfall. These blocks of rock are then broken
down into smaller boulders by attrition as they collide with each other, and they also erode the base of the
waterfall by abrasion, creating a deep plunge pool or gorge.
Usually waterfall found in the mountains and forests cold temperature. if we are swimming in the
waterfall, the water will be cold and cool although we bathe in the hot sun.
In Indonesia are very many very beautiful waterfalls, so are you ready for adventure to waterfalls????](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/waterfallsarticle-160402071511/85/Waterfalls-article-1-320.jpg)
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Waterfalls article
- 1. Waterfalls Waterfalls are commonly formed in the upper course of the river.[1] At these times the channel is often narrow and deep. When the river courses over resistant bedrock, erosion happens slowly, while downstream the erosion occurs more rapidly.[1][2] As the watercourse increases its velocity at the edge of the waterfall, it plucks material from the riverbed. Whirlpools created in the turbulence as well as sand and stones carried by the watercourse increase the erosion capacity.[1] This causes the waterfallto carve deeper into the bed and to recede upstream. Often over time, the waterfall will recede back to form a canyon or gorge downstream as it recedes upstream, and it will carve deeper into the ridge above it.[3] The rate of retreat for a waterfall can be as high as one and half meters per year.[1] Often, the rock stratum just below the more resistant shelf will be of a softer type, meaning that undercutting due to splashback will occur here to form a shallow cave-like formation known as a rock shelter under and behind the waterfall. Eventually, the outcropping, more resistant cap rock will collapse under pressure to add blocks of rock to the base of the waterfall. These blocks of rock are then broken down into smaller boulders by attrition as they collide with each other, and they also erode the base of the waterfall by abrasion, creating a deep plunge pool or gorge. Usually waterfall found in the mountains and forests cold temperature. if we are swimming in the waterfall, the water will be cold and cool although we bathe in the hot sun. In Indonesia are very many very beautiful waterfalls, so are you ready for adventure to waterfalls????