Textile Wet Processing

1. A
PAPER
ON
EMERGING TRENDS IN
WET PROCESSING
BY
Praveen Pandit
&
Saurabh Agrawal
IV YEAR, TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY
SHRI VAISHNAV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
& SCIENCE,INDORE (M.P.)

2. # What are trends ?
The general direction in which
something tends to move.
A general tendency or inclination

3. # Why we need new trends in
wet processing?
ECO-FRIENDLINESS
TIME EFFICIENT
COST-EFFECTIVENESS
IMPROVED FUCTIONAL & AESTHETIC
PROPERTIES
TO MEET GLOBAL COMPETITION.

4. ECOFRIENDLY WET
PROCESSING
1. DESIZING.
2. SCOURING.
3. BLEACHING.
4. MERCERISING.
5. DYEING
6. PRINTING.
Enzymes
Neutralization of liquor

5. Dyeing
Eco-friendly approach
1. Avoid after treatment with copper or
chromium salts to improve fastness.
2. Dye fixing agent based on HCHO should not
be used to improve wet fastness of the dyed
material.
3. After treatment with cationic dye fixing
agent containing less HCHO or HCHO free
Product
4. Selection of dyes with high fastness.

6. Use of Natural dyes
With the recent trend of higher
preference for natural dyes, fuelled by
increased public awareness about
environmental issues and actions like
the German ban on use of some
synthetic dyes etc.

7. Printing
 On environmental consideration, partial
substitution of kerosene and printing gums are
quite popular in printing
 Use of agents such as Zinc sulphoxylate
formaldehyde and SnCl2 is to be minimized or
better avoided.
 Apart from these also avoid treatment with
hypochlorite for improving whiteness on
printed fabrics.
 In discharge printing avoid the use of SnCl2
and use Rongalite C.

8. Salt free dyeing

9. . Cationisation of cellulose through
chemical reaction with compounds
containing cationic group have been
recommended to control the
effluent problem.
In addition, the strong dye-fiber interactions
resulting from cationizing cotton allow dyeing with
no added electrolytes and minimal rinsing and
afterwashing.

10. A typical cationization process involves
the reaction of 3-chloro-2-
hydroxypropyl-trimethylammonium
chloride (CHTAC) with alkali to form
epoxypropyltrimethyl-ammonium
chloride (EPTAC) which then reacts
with cellulose to form cationic cotton
(Dow Chemical).

12. Use of ecolabeled
chemical & dyes

13.  Eco-efficiency analysis system.
 BASF has already analyzed 180 textile
dyes and auxiliary chemicals for eco-
efficiency.

14.  Eco- efficiency analyses has been
verified by the German technical
inspection organization TUV.
 Certification scheme called
TOXPROOF.
 no health risks are to fear from the
product.

15. Super critical CO2 dyeing

16. The dye is dissolved in circulating CO2
through a chamber containing dye. Dyeing
is 0performed for 20-30 minutes under
the optimal conditions.
CO2
DYE
Dye
Vessel
Dyestuff recovery
vessel
At the end of the dyeing cycle
the system is depressurized
and excess dye is collected in a
dyestuff recovery vessel

17. Function Of CO2 n Dyeing
When placed above the critical point
(31.1°C and 73 atm) CO2 becomes a remarkable
solvent for many natural and synthetic dyes. The
dye solution in the supercritical CO2 is carried to
the fiber to be dyed. Under certain conditions, the
gas-like diffusion of supercritical CO2 disperses
the dye evenly into the small pores of fibre

18. ADVANTAGES
 Cheapness
 Non-explosiveness
 Non-toxicity
 Recycling Capability.
 No Contaminated Wastewater Streams
 Washing of Dyed Fabric Is Not Necessary
 Carbon Dioxide Can Penetrate Into Fibre
Faster Than Water
 The Colour Yield Value May Also Be
Increased.

19. Use of Multi Stage
Flash Evaporators

22. Technological Trend in
wet processing

23. Another developing technology for
dyeing processes concerns real time
concentration monitoring of dye bath
components as well as time and
temperature parameters. The process
uses the flow injection analysis
technique to measure individual dye
concentrations via spectroscopy
(HuMetrix)

25. Use of plasma
technology
PLASMA
IONS ELECTR
ONS
NEURAL
PARTICLES

26. Depositing
plasma
NonDeposi
ting plasma
Exposing the fibres to gaseous
plasma
Plasmas are applied with the help of
saturated & unsaturated gases like
ethylene vapors and monomers like
acetone and methanol.

27. Advantages
•No use of hazardous
chemicals
•No problem of effluents.

28. ADAPTABILITY
OF
NEW TRENDS OF
WET PROCESSING
IN
INDIAN TEXTILE
INDUSTRY

29. Good infrastructure,
Low raw material cost,
Easily available manpower at cheap rate.
New infrastructure will be required,
Need to stick with environmental rules and
regulation
Boom in textiles may act as fuel for
implementation of new trends.

30. It is the order of the day so it has become
requirement to adopt a positive approach
towards textile processing so that the final
product at low cost ,in less time with no
pollution . So we can say that these are going
to be small revolution which can change the
scenario of textile industries.
CONCLUSION

31. $ PROMISE $
Imagine an effort, so clean that it will allow
better than present; a !!process so
fundamental that it will radically improve
our environmental and economical
conditions; a process so imminent that most
of us will see its impact within our lifetimes.
Such is the promise of
“Eco-friendly wet processing”.

32. References
 www.appliedseparations.com
 ATJ
 ITJ
 Colourage
 IJFTR
 Energy Conservation Case Study Booklet in Textile Industry

34. * * * * *
?
QUESTIONAIRE