The document discusses jute as a packaging material. Jute is a natural fiber that comes from the stems and ribbons of the jute plant. It is low-cost and environmentally friendly. The document outlines the chemical and physical properties of jute fibers, how jute is cultivated and produced, and its various uses in packaging applications such as bags, twine, matting, and non-woven materials. Jute packaging is beneficial due to jute's low production costs and biodegradability.

1. SEMINAR TOPIC
JUTE AS PACKAGINGMATERIAL
About Packaging Textiles
 Packaging textiles comprise of numerous flexible packing
material made of textile used for packaging a variety of
commodities for:
1. Industrial
2. Agricultural,
3. Consumer and
4. Other goods.
Packaging material:
 There are several textile material used for packaging:
1. Cotton
2. Burlap
3. BOPP
4. Cartage
5. Kenaf
6. Sisal
7. Wood
8. Cellulosic
9. Polypropylene
10. Polyethylene
11. JUTE
12. Coated films
13. Laminated films
14. Coextruded films
15. Metal
16. Glass

2. FOCUSING ON NATURAL TEXTILE MATERIAL
 Flexible intermediate bulk
containers
 Food grade jute bags Indian raffia industry
 Jute hessian  Jute sacks  Leno bags
 Nonwoven Bags  Nonwoven packaging
fabric
 Other Pack tech
Applications
 Tea bags  Wrapping fabrics
 Twine NON-WOVEN
 
Chemical Composition of Jute Fiber
 Cellulose → 65.2%
 Hemi-cellulose → 22.2%
 Lignin → 12.5%
 Water Soluble matter → 1.5%
 Fat and Wax → 0.6%

3.  Physical Properties of Jute fibres
 The major physical properties of jute fibre briefly
presented in the following table.
 Table: Physical Properties of jute fibre
(Macro & Micro Structure)
Ultimate Cell Length (L) Average 2.50 mm
Range 0.8 – 6.0 mm
Ultimate Cell Breadth
(B)
Average 18 µm
Range 10 – 25 µm
L / B Ratio Average 110
Fibre Fineness 1.3 – 4.0 tex
Fibre Length ( after
Carding )
2 – 50 cm
Density True 1.46 g / cc
Apparent 1.10 – 1.34 g / cc
Bulk Density 0.4 – 0.5 g / cc
Degree of Crystallinity ( X-
ray )
55 – 60 %
Moisture Absorption
Moisture Regain at 65% RH 13.8 %
– at 100% RH 36.0 %
Transverse Swelling in
water
Diameter-wise 20%
Cross-sectional area-wise 45%
Water holding Capacity 500 %
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat 1.36 x 103 J kg-1 K-1
Thermal Conductivity
427.3 mW m-1 K-1
Heat of Combustion 17.5 J / g
Ignition Temperature 193 o C
Heat of Wetting
18.2calories

4. Chemical Properties of Jute Fibre
 The chemical composition of jute fibres and sticks
are given in the following tables
 Table: Chemical composition of jute fibre
Constituents
(in % of Bone Dry Weight of the
Fibre)
Jute
C. capsularis C. olitorius
Alphacellulose 60.0 – 63.0 58.0 - 59.0
Hemicellulose 21.0 – 24.0 22.0 – 25.0
Lignin 12.0 – 13.0 13.0 – 14.0
Fats & Waxes 0.4 – 1.0 0.4 – 0.9
Pectin 0.2 – 1.5 0.2 – 0.5
Proteins / Nitrogenous matter, etc. 0.80 – 1.9 0.8 – 1.6
Ash 0.7 – 1.2 0.5 – 1.2

Table: Chemical composition of jute sticks
Constituents Jute Stick (in % of Bone Dry Weight of
the Fibre)
Alphacellulose 40.8-47.5
Hemicellulose 23.0-23.6
Acetyl Content 3.6-4.7
Lignin 22.2-23.5
Fats & Waxes 1.7-2.4
Pectin 0.5-0.7
Ash 0.6-0.8

5. TEXTILE SOURCE
JUTE
Jute is a long, soft, shiny vegetable fibre that can be spun into
coarse, strong threads. It is produced from plants in the
genus Corchorus, which was once classified with the
family Tiliaceae, more recently with Malvaceae, and has now
been reclassified as belonging to the family Sparrmanniaceae.
The primary source of the fibre is Corchorus olitorius, but it is
considered inferior to Corchorus capsularis."Jute" is the name
of the plant or fiber that is used to makeburlap, Hessian or
gunny cloth.
The word 'jute' is probably coined from the word jhuta or
jota, an Oriya word.
Jute is one of the most affordable natural fibers and is second
only to cotton in amount produced and variety of uses of
vegetable fibers. Jute fibers are composed primarily of the plant
materials cellulose and lignin. It falls into the bast fibre category
(fiber collected from bast, the phloem of the plant, sometimes
called the "skin") along with kenaf, industrial
hemp, flax (linen), ramie, etc. The industrial term for jute fiber
is raw jute. The fibers are off-white to brown, and 1–4 metres
(3–13 feet) long. Jute is also called the golden fiber for its color
and high cash value.
Jute basically comes from two plants
1. White jute
2. Tossa jute
it comprises of primarily plant materials namely cellulose and lignin

6. Cultivation
Main article: Jute cultivation
Jute plants (Corchorus olitorius andCorchorus capsularis)
Jute needs a plain alluvial soil and standing water. The suitable
climate for growing jute (warm and wet) is offered by

7. the monsoon climate, during the monsoon season.
Temperatures from 20˚C to 40˚C and relative humidity of 70%–
80% are favourable for successful cultivation. Jute requires 5–
8 cm of rainfall weekly, and more during the sowing time. Soft
water is necessary for the jute production.
1-White jute (Corchorus capsularis)
Historical documents (including Ain-e-Akbari by Abul Fazal in
1590) state that the poor villagers of India used to wear clothes
made of jute. Simple handlooms and hand spinning wheels
were used by the weavers, who used to spin cotton yarns as
well. History also suggests that Indians, especiallyBengalis,
used ropes and twines made of white jute from ancient times
for household and other uses. It is highly functional in carrying
grains or other agricultural products.
2-Tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius)[edit]
Tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius) is a variety thought to be native
to India, and is also the world's top producer. It is grown for
both fibre and culinary purposes. It is used as a herb in Middle
Eastern and African countries, where the leaves are used as an
ingredient in a mucilaginous potherb called "molokhiya, of
uncertain etymology). It is very popular in some Arab countries
such as Egypt, Jordan, and Syria as a soup-based dish,
sometimes with meat over rice or lentils. The Book of Job, in
the King James translation of the Hebrew
Bible "salty", mentions this vegetable potherb as "mallow".
Giving rise to the term Jew's Mallow It is high
in protein, vitamin C, beta-carotene, calcium, and iron.

8. Production
Main article: Jute trade
Jute is a rain-fed crop with little need for fertilizer or pesticides,
in contrast to cotton's heavy requirements. Production is
concentrated mostly in India's states of Assam, Bihar,
and West Bengal, and Bangladesh. The jute fiber comes from
the stem and ribbon (outer skin) of the jute plant. The fibers are
first extracted by retting. The retting process consists of
bundling jute stems together and immersing them in slow
running water. There are two types of retting: stem and ribbon.
After the retting process, stripping begins; women and children
usually do this job. In the stripping process, non-fibrous matter
is scraped off, then the workers dig in and grab the fibers from
within the jute stem. India is the world's largest producer of
jute, but imported approximately 162,000 tonnes of raw fiber
and 175,000 tonnes of jute products in 2011. India, Pakistan,
and China import significant quantities of jute fiber and products
from Bangladesh, as does the United Kingdom, Japan, United
States, France, Spain, Ivory Coast, Germany and Brazil.

9. Top ten jute producers — 2011[11]
Country Production (Tonnes)
India 1,924,326
Bangladesh 1,523,315
People's Republic of China 43,500
Uzbekistan 18,930
Nepal 14,418
Vietnam 8,304
Myanmar 2,508
Zimbabwe 2,298
Thailand 2,184
Egypt 2,100
World 3,583,235

10. Uses
Making twine, rope, and making matting are among its uses.
Together with the sugar can be used to build aeroplane
panels. [13]
Jute is in great demand due to its cheapness, softness, length,
lustre and uniformity of its fibre. It is also called the 'Golden
fibre' due to its versatile nature.It is called the 'brown paper bag'
as it is also used to store rice, wheat, grains, etc.
Jute products
Hessian Cloth Jute Twine Coco
Fibre Raw Jute
Jute Fibers Jute Matting Jute
Webbing Jute Handicraft

11. Coir Pith Briquette Jute Hessian
Jute Basket Jute Rolls
Jute Ornaments Jute Felt Jute Mesh
Jute Box
Jute Carpet Backing Cloth Jute Ribbon
Jute Netting
Jute Tray

12. Jute Garments Jute Blind Jute
Sheets Coir Yarn Bales
Non Woven Jute Felt Twisted Jute Cord
Coir Bags Jute Doll

13. jute roap
JUTE IN PACKAGING
JUTE SACK
Jute sack bags are in great demand these days. These bags are woven wholly from
simple jute fabrics and basically used to pack cement , sugar and other agro based bulky
items. Bags capacity ranges from 25 - 100 Kgms . For the storage of agro -based
product , special hydrocarbon free bags are available . These product can be kept for
longer period in these special hydrocarbon free bags.

14. STANDARD :
B'TWILL JUTE BAGS (FOOD GRADE & NORMAL)
SIZE: 44"x26.5"
STRIPES: 3 BLUE STRIPES.
WEIGHT: 2.25 LBS
90/95 Kgs capacity bags for Rice, wheat, other grains, pulses etc.
and Heavy bags for Grain and Cement packing
These bags can be tailored as per customer's specification

15. WHY & WHY JUTE?????
2-JUTE BAG
Why JUTE bag, not POLYTHENE bag????

16. Why NOT PAPER bags??
1-Manufacturing process of paper results in plenty of left over waste
2-Environmental damage
3-They are meant for Short term usage
JUTE BAGS IN PACKAGING
Wine packaging (LATEST)

17. Gift packaging (OLD)

18. 3-JUTE NON-WOVEN
Nonwoven fabric is a fabric-like material made from long fibers, bonded together by chemical,
mechanical, heat or solvent treatment.
Jute non-wovens can be produced in a variety of forms with properties varying in wide ranges.
Some of the important advantages of jute non-wovens are:
Stiffness
Higher frictional properties
Coarseness
Easy rot / biodegradability
Higher moisture absorption characteristics
Jute non-woven products are being used in the automobile and foot wear industries.
Non-woven products are also used as INSULATION material.
Jute felt is value added product made from jute waste.
Jute felts have good prospects for being used in insulation, acoustics and air-conditioning works. These may
underlay of carpets, cushions and mats.
Applications
Jute Non-Woven In Packaging
 water, coffee, tea bags
 vacuum bags
 Shopping bags

19. N0N –WOVEN TEA BAGS
N0N-WOVEN SUITING BAG

20. NON WOVEN SHOPPING BAG
When JUTE as NON-WOVEN used in plantation
Results after it were incredible, it was done under JUTE NATIONAL
BOARD
Results of Non-woven mulch:
1-Soil loss reduced by 61%
2-Nutrient loss reduced by 59%
3-Weed reduced by 55%
4-Height of plant increased by 69%
5-Soil moisture increased in dry spell by 22%
6-Crop yield increased by 10%
7-Healthy growth of plants with survival rate

21. Benefits of Eco-friendly Jute Products:
1. As most of us do not know about the benefits of the jute
as it is a very useful material. I would like to mention some of
them as follows:
2. Jute is a fiber type material which can be used to make
various types of different products and goods like jute bags,
jute carpets, jute rugs, jute shopping bags, jute stationery,
jute furniture, jute crafts, this list is never ending. So
many usable products can be made from jute.
3. Jute is Cheaper as compared to other stuff and material,
thus we can also saveMONEY up to some extent.
4. It would open doors for those persons who are willing to
start theirOWN BUSINESS but are not able to do so just
because of money. Business of selling jute products can be
started by a very low capital, thus it will further solve the
unemployment problem upto a more extent in the urban areas
of the world. As more and more people are becoming aware
about our environment concerns and the benefits of jute, thus
the demand for these products will only grow.
5. Jute is biodegradable material thus is very beneficial for
our environment.
Disadvantages of Jute Fiber Using:
1. The crease resistance of Jute is very low.
2. Drape Property is not good enough.
3. Create Shade effect and becomes yellowish if sunlight is
used.
4. If Jute is wetted it lose it’s strength.