WASTE MANAGEMENT

1. POULTRY WASTE:
• Poultry waste means poultry
manure and litter including
wood shavings, straw, rice hulls,
and other bedding materials for
the deposition of manure.
• It means poultry excrement,
poultry carcasses, feed wastes
or the wastes associated with
confinement of poultry farm.

2. LITTER:
 Mixture of poultry excreta, spilled
feed, feathers, and materials used
as bedding in poultry operations
 Also known as unused bedding
materials
 Poultry litters includes litters from
broilers, layers, turkeys, ducks,
quails etc.

3. BEDDING MATERIALS:
 Materials used to provide a bed for
animals and birds
 Consists of chopped straws, saw
dust, shredded sugarcane, peanut
hulls, wood shavings, absorbent,
low cost organic materials, etc
 Sand is also sometimes used as
bedding.
 Limits the production of ammonia
and other pathogens and help to
absorb moisture

4. FUNCTIONS OF LITTER:
 Absorbs moisture
 Promotes drying
 Increase the surface area
 Dilutes fecal matter
 Reduce contact between bird and manure
 Provide insulation
 Absorbs water
So it's necessary to manage the litters and bedding materials in Poultry Houses.

5. DIFFERENT LITTER & BEDDING MATERIALS MANAGEMENT
OPTIONS:
Sl no Options
1. As organic Fertilizer
2. Reuse
3. As livestock feed
4. Closed loop system
5. Composting
6. Biogas production
7. Mass burn combustion
8. Chemical treatments

6. 1. AS ORGANIC FERTILIZER:
 When applied to the soil, litter and bedding materials increases the organic
matter content of the soil
 Increases Water Holding Capacity and improved soil tilth
 Provides plant nutrients such as N, P & K
 Contains various macronutrients which is found in expensive Fertilizers

7. 2. RE-USE:
 Management can be done by re-using it for subsequent batches of broilers.
 Cost-saving, as it avoids complete replacement of litter with new bedding
materials for each batch
 Eventual multibatch litter makes for an improved compost
 Reused litter materials contain higher proportion of nutrients from greater
proportion of excreta to bedding materials in the litter.
 Before reuse , wet and caked parts are removed.
DISADVANTAGES:
1. Requires cleaning and transportation
2. Preparing items for re use is time consuming

8. 3. AS LIFE STOCK FEEDING :
 Used in diets of poultry, swine, lambs, ewes, lactating cows, wintering cattle
& brood cows.
 Acceptable source of protein for beef cattle
 Inexpensive as compared to other high protein feed stuffs
 TDN (Total Digestable Nutrient) value of poultry = 50%
 Crude protein content = 21 to 28 %
 Significantly reduces the expenses of livestock
 Successfully employed in many countries of South Africa for beef, dairy &
sheep production.

9. 4.CLOSED LOOP SYSTEM:
 Waste management system where outputs of one industry become another
 When litter and bedding materials used in soil both plants growth and soil
structure is enhanced.
5.COMPOSTING:
 Environmentally, more acceptable than raw litter for land application
 Process by which organic wastes are converted into a product which can be
used as soil conditioner and organic fertilizer

10. 6. BIOGAS PRODUCTION:
 Biogas generation by anaerobic digestion from animal wastes including poultry
wastes i.e. litter , bedding materials, etc
 From 50 kg of poultry wastes 3m³ of biogas/ day/plant can be produced.
 Digester can be operated by using 2.5 q chicken droppings per month.
(Poultry litter Biogas plant)

11. 7. MASS BURN COMBUSTION:
 Litters and bedding materials can be used for energy generation.
 Percentage of heat generated by broilers and laying hen is greater than that
of farm cattle
 Mass burn combustion system (particularly step grate burn and fluid used bed
combustion systems) is useful.
 Wastes burnt in incinerators -> Heat generated-> used in production of
electricity

12. 8.CHEMICAL TREATMENTS:
Chemicals used are:
 Phosphoric acid
 Sodium Bisulphate
 Ferrous sulphate
 Calcium phosphate
 Aluminium sulphate

13. IMPORTANT POINTS:
 Although litter will function more effectively on an earthen floor, concrete
floor is advised for perfect disinfection after each batch.
 Before putting 3 yo 5 inch of litter material these should be raked thoroughly
to break clumps.
 Sprinkle a mixture of wood ash and fertilizer grade superphosphate to prevent
relases of ammonia gas from litter.
 Addition of slacked lime is avoided as its increases its pH.
 If moisture exceeds 30% litter wil cease to function efficiently.
 Ball formation is a sign of bad litter management.
 In winter depth of litter is 10 to 12 inch while in summer it is 2.5 to 4 inch.

14. ~THANK YOU~