This document is quoted from Academic Writing Skill, IFL, Cambodia. It's for students in year three not only at IFL but also other universities in Cambodia.

1. Reviewing the Literature
Group 1 :
1. Hong Samnang
2. Voeun Channy
3. Chanty Kiry
4. Chheang Chanty
5. Khem Rany
Cambodia International Cooperation Institute
Faculty of Arts, Humanities, and Languages
Lecturer Leang SokDina
Room C202, Year 3, Semester 1, 2014
Academic Writing

2. I. Place of literature review in research
1. Bring clarity and focus to your research problem
2. Improve your methodology
3. Broaden your knowledge base in your research area
4. Contextualize your findings
II. Procedure for reviewing the literature
1. Search for existing literature
2. Review the literature selected
3. Develop theoretical framework
4. Develop conceptual framework
III. Writing up the literature reviewed
Contents

3. The literature review is
integral part of the entire
research process.
It makes a value
contribution.
PRESENTER HONG SAMNANG
 The literature review begin before a
research problem is finalized and continues
until the report in finished.
Place of Literature Review in Research

4. Research Process
Literature Review
Bring clarity and focus to your
research problem
Improve your methodology
Broaden your knowledge base in
your research area
Contextualise your findings
PRESENTER HONG SAMNANG

5.  gives the idea you wish to
investigate
 helps you to understand the
subject area
 helps you to understand the
relationship between your
research problem and the
body of knowledge in the
area.
PRESENTER HONG SAMNANG
1. Bring clarity and focus to your research problem
Place of Literature Review in Research

6.  A literature review acquaints
you the methodologies to
answers research questions.
 You will be better positioned
to select a methodology.
 It helps you to increase your
confidence in the
methodology.
PRESENTER HONG SAMNANG
2. Improve your methodology
Place of Literature Review in Research

7. Place of Literature Review in Research
3. Broaden your knowledge base in your research area
-Ensure you to read widely
-You can get more method for your work from other
researchers that is the key for you to open the
warehouse of knowledge related to your study.
-It enables you to be more professional with the
researching work. It helps you to fulfill the
expectation that you are an expert when you
undertake a research project for a higher degree.
PRESENTER VOEUN CHANNY

8. 4. Contextualize your findings
- It is to put your research in the context which
make your research more understandable compare
to what are already exist.
-Improve your researched result by comparing with
what other have found.
-Bring a better record to existing body of
knowledge.
-Choose the better result from others work if you
have the worse one.
PRESENTER VOEUN CHANNY
Place of Literature Review in Research

9. Find out the specific problem that you want
to deal with by narrowing down your broad area of
interest. The review should be focused around your
research problem. I need to remind you that there
is a danger when you don’t have specific research
problem, you might choose the wrong method to
do your major literature review.
PRESENTER CHANTY KIRY
Procedure for Reviewing the Literature

10. Procedure for Reviewing the Literature
There are 4 steps involved in a conducting literature
review:
1. Search for existing literature in your area of
study
2. Review the literature selected
3. Develop a theoretical framework
4. Develop a conceptual framework
PRESENTER CHANTY KIRY

11. Procedure for Reviewing the Literature
1. Search for existing literature
It require you to have at least some idea of
your research problem to set boundary for your
search and to search effectively. There are two
sources that you can use to prepare a
bibliography, books and journals.
PRESENTER CHANTY KIRY

12. Procedure for Reviewing the Literature
Books
-Material published in book is usually important and
of good quality, but the material maybe out of date
due to it takes a lot of time in completion of work
and publication.
-Use a computer catalogue to find and select books
that have title appropriate to your topic then print
them out or note them down, it will save your
time. Be aware that sometimes a title does not
provide enough information, you have to check its
contents.
PRESENTER CHANTY KIRY

13. Procedure for Reviewing the Literature
Books (con.)
-When you have selected 10-15 books that you
think are appropriate for your topic, examine the
bibliography of each. Carefully check the
bibliography to identify the books common to
several of them. Prepare final list of books that you
consider essential readings.
-Bring up these books and examine their contents
to double-check that they really are relevant to
your topic. Delete the book that is not relevant to
your topic. Make an annotated bibliography.
PRESENTER CHANTY KIRY

14. Procedure for Reviewing the Literature
Journals
-Journal provides most up-to-date information.
Select as many journals as you possibly can. As
with books, you need to prepare a list of journals
you want to examine for identifying literature
relevant to your study.
PRESENTER CHANTY KIRY

15. Procedure for Reviewing the Literature
Journals (con.)
There is a number of way that you can prepare a
list of journal:
1. Locate the hard copies of journals that are
appropriate to your study
2. Look at citation or abstract indices to identify
and/or read the abstracts of such articles.
3. Search electronic databases
4. Use the internet
PRESENTER CHANTY KIRY

16. Procedure for Reviewing the Literature
Journals (con.)
-Identify the journals that you want to look at in
more detail, then make preparations to go through
them.
-Select identifiable journals, examine its contents,
and record its references.
PRESENTER CHANTY KIRY

17. Procedure for Reviewing the Literature
2. Review the literature selected
Get main points from books and articles that are
identified as useful. Build up a framework of
themes, put the information where it logically
belongs under each one of the themes so far
developed.
-Note whether the knowledge relevant to your
theoretical framework has been confirmed beyond
doubt.
PRESENTER CHANTY KIRY

18. Procedure for Reviewing the Literature
2. Review the literature selected (con.)
-Note the theories put forward, the criticism of
these and their basis, the methodologies adopted
(study design, sample size and its characteristics,
measurement criticisms, etc.) and the criticisms of
them.
-Examine to what extent the findings can be
generalized to other situations.
PRESENTER CHANTY KIRY

19. 2. Review the literature selected (con.)
-Notice where there are significant differences of
opinion among researchers and give your opinion
about the validity of these differences.
-Ascertain the areas in which little of nothing is
known – the gaps that exist in the body of
knowledge.
Procedure for Reviewing the Literature
PRESENTER CHANTY KIRY

20. 3. Develop a theoretical framework
•Theoretical Framework as a Guide in a Research
Study The theoretical framework plays an
important role in guiding the entire process of the
research study.
•It introduces and describes the theory that explains
why the research problem under study exists.
Procedure for Reviewing the Literature
PRESENTER CHHEANG CHANTY

21. Procedure for Reviewing the Literature
3. Develop a theoretical framework (con.)
•It helps the researcher see clearly the variables of
the study;
•It can provide him with a general framework for
data analysis;
•It is essential in preparing a research proposal
using descriptive and experimental methods
PRESENTER CHHEANG CHANTY

22. Procedure for Reviewing the Literature
3. Develop a theoretical framework (con.)
•Review the literature that pertinent to your
research topic.
•You should sort out the information, as mentioned
earlier, within this framework.
•Use these aspects as a basis for developing your
theoretical framework.
PRESENTER CHHEANG CHANTY

23. Procedure for Reviewing the Literature
4. Develop a conceptual framework
•Conceptual framework represent ways of thinking
about a problem.
•It stems from the theoretical and concentrates,
usually, on one section of that theoretical
framework which becomes the basis of your study.
PRESENTER CHHEANG CHANTY

24. Procedure for Reviewing the Literature
4. Develop a conceptual framework (con.)
•Keeps research on track
•Provides clear links from the literature to the
research goals and questions
•Helps the researcher to see clearly the variables of
the study
•Clarifies concepts and propose relationships
among concepts
PRESENTER CHHEANG CHANTY

25. Writing up the literature reviewed
All that remains to be done is to write about the
literature you have reviewed.
•The two broad functions of a literature review:
- to provide a theoretical background to your study
- to enable you to contextualize your findings in
relation to the existing body of knowledge in
addition to refining your methodology.
The content of your literature review reflects these
two purposes.
PRESENTER KHEM RANY

26. In order to fulfil the first purpose, you identify and
describe various theories relevant to your field; and
specify gaps in existing knowledge in the area.
In order to comply, you integrate your results with
specific and relevant findings from the existing
literature by comparing the two for confirmation
and contradiction.
PRESENTER KHEM RANY
Writing up the literature reviewed

27. Some people write up the entire literature review
in one section, entitled :
Review of the literature or
The literature review, without subheadings.
The author strongly suggests that you write your
literature review under subheadings.
PRESENTER KHEM RANY
Writing up the literature reviewed

28. Thanks for paying attention!