The document outlines a 'five-factor theory' of effective schools, which includes strong leadership, a clear mission, prevention of school violence, monitoring student progress, and high expectations. It emphasizes the significant impact of teacher expectations on student achievement, stating that high expectations lead to greater student success while low expectations can hinder progress. Additionally, it critiques the limitations of current effective school research and suggests approaches such as smaller class sizes, increased learning time, and proper teacher training as methods for enhancing school effectiveness.

1. Factors of Effective School
Cambodian International Cooperation Institute
Faculty of Language and Art
Foundation of Education
G6,Y4S2
2015

2. Factors of Effective School
Vichet KEO
Chantra PINH
Phannith YANG
Kompheak CHHAY
Sakada SRUN
Phanny MAN
Submitted to lecturer HENG PLY
Cambodian International Cooperation Institute
Faculty of Language and Art

3. Researchers have set forth a “five-factor-
theory” of effective schools:
 Strong administrative leadership
 A clear school mission
 Preventing school violence
 Monitoring student progress
 High expectation
3

4. A review of effective school
Teacher’s Expectation
Caution of effective school research
Beyond five factors
Summary
Conclusion
4

5.  What is expectation?
Expectation: when you expect good
things to happen in the future.
 What is expectation of the teacher on
their students’ learning?
Teacher Expectation:
 High expectation
 Low expectation
5

6. Students catch the lesson
Gain high score
Outstanding
Attitude
6

7. Fewer opportunities to respond
Less praise
Less challenging work
Fewer nonverbal signs(eye contact,
smiles,…)
7

8.  In their highly influential 1969 publication,
Pygmalion in the classroom, researchers
Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson
discussed this experiment and the power
of teacher expectation in shaping student
achievement.
 Although methodological criticisms of the
original Rosenthal and Jacobson study
abound, those who report on effective
schools 8

9. say that there is now extensive evidence
showing that high teacher expectation do, in
fact, produce student high achievement, and
low expectations produce low achievement.
 Too often, teacher expectations have a
negative impact.
 An inaccurate judgment about a student
can be made because of error,
unconscious prejudice, or stereotype.
9

10.  When teacher hold low expectation for
certain students; typically, they offer such
students:
 Fewer opportunities to respond
 Less praise
 Less challenging work
 Fewer nonverbal signs
10

11.  In effective schools, teachers hold high
expectations can learn, set objective
work toward mastery objectives, spend
more time on instruction. They are
convinced that students can succeed.
 Finally, in effective schools teachers hold
high expectations for themselves. They
believe that they can deliver high-quality
instruction.
11

12. Although the research on what makes schools
effective has had a direct impact on national
reform movements, it has limitations as shown
below:
 Disagreement over the definition of an
effective school
 Do not really provide a prescription for
developing successful school
 Much of the research has been conducted
only on lower grades of elementary school
 The generalizability of the research is also
12

13. • Early start
• Focus on reading and math
• Smaller schools
• Smaller classes
• Increased learning time
• Assessment
• Teacher Training
• Technology
13

14.  Early start: The concept that there is a
particular age for children to begin school needs
to be rethought. The earlier schools start
working with children start working with
children, the better children do, during the first
three years of life opportunities for children.
 Focus on reading and math: Children not
reading at grade level by the end of the first
grade face a one-in-eight change of ever
catching up. In math, students who do not
master basic concept find themselves playing14

15.  Smaller school: Students in small
schools learn more, are more pass their
course, are less prone to resort to
violence, and are more to attend college
than those attending large schools.
 Smaller classes: Studies indicate that
smaller classes are associated with
increased student learning. Children in
classes of fifteen outperform students in
classes of twenty-five, even when have 15

16. Increased learning time:
More study results in more
learning. Longer school
days, longer school years,
more efficient use of school
time, and more graded
homework are all proven
methods of enhancing
academic learning time and
student performance. 16

17.  Assessment. Assessing how effectively the
time is spent is also important.
 Teacher training. Researcher Linda Darling-
Hammond reports that best way to improve
school effectiveness is by investing in teacher
training.
17

18.  What about technology: School districts
that are hesitant to spend funds on
teacher training, class size reductions, or
early childhood education programs
nevertheless are quick to invest
significant sums in computers and
upgraded technology.
How can we improve school so that
they enhance both psychological well-
being and academic success. 18

19. o Teachers keep busy in class, while students their
students sitting, waiting and respond by
daydreaming or training themselves to deny their
desire to be active.
o Flanders, Bellack, Goodlad found that teachers
lecture a great deal and ask questions, while
students are reduced to passive listening, active
only when respond to the teachers.
o Goodlad: “when teachers spend more time
teaching, students learn more”.
19

20. o Being tracked into slower classes has a negative
impact on students’ self-esteem.
o Beginning in elementary school, peer pressure
wields great power in children’s lives.
o Educational reform efforts have focused on
adolescent’s social and personal needs.
o Schools increasing number of roles traditionally
filled by parents, from sex education to drug and
pregnancy counselling.
20

21. Strong
Leadershi
p
Clear
Mission
Safe
Climate
Learning
Process
High
Expectatio
n
21

22. 22

23. 1. What are five factors of effective school?
2. Which factor is the most effective one?
Why?
3. What do you think about teachers’
expectations on students’ progress?
4. Are there any factor on effective school?
23

24. All right reserved
Group 10 of Foundation of
Education
24