Global 1 Review #4: Global Interactions
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The document summarizes several major events and developments between 1000-1600 CE: 1) The Crusades led to increased trade between Europe and Asia but also religious tensions between Christianity and Islam over territory in the Holy Land. 2) The Black Death pandemic in the 14th century killed over 25 million people in Europe and led to the decline of feudalism and growth of urban trade centers. 3) The Age of Exploration beginning in the 1400s saw Europeans like Columbus explore the world which began the era of European domination and global exchange of goods, ideas, and peoples through events like the Columbian Exchange and Triangular Trade. 4) Developments in Europe included the Printing Press which spread knowledge and ideas
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The decline of the Roman Empire began after the reign of Marcus Aurelius in the 2nd century AD. The empire faced economic troubles as trade and agriculture declined, taxes increased, and inflation rose. The military also became less disciplined and loyal to Rome. Several emperors attempted reforms to address these issues, such as Diocletian who divided the empire in half and established the Tetrarchy system of rule, and Constantine who moved the capital to Constantinople. However, invasions by Germanic tribes and the Huns in the 5th century led to the sacking of Rome in 410 and the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476.
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The Roman, Han, Persian, Mauryan, and Gupta empires all experienced declines due to similar factors:
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The Ottoman Empire rose to become a powerful world empire starting in the 15th century. It originated as a nomadic Turkish group from central Asia. The Ottomans conquered the Byzantine Empire and captured its capital, Constantinople, in 1453, marking the end of the Roman Empire which had lasted nearly 1,500 years. Under Sultans like Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire established a system of rule based on Islamic law and organized citizens into social classes of educated elites, military, merchants, and farmers.
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This document provides an overview and summary of a university lecture on the fall of the Western Roman Empire. It discusses early successes and troubles in the 450s, attempts to recover in the late 450s, the roles of figures like Ricimer and the final emperors, and scholarly interpretations of the fall. It also lists over 200 potential reasons for Rome's decline that have been proposed by historians.
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The document discusses the decline of the Roman Empire due to various internal and external factors such as military and economic issues. It then outlines the rise of Christianity and its growth from a small sect to the dominant religion in the Roman world. As the Western Roman Empire collapsed, medieval European civilization that developed was shaped significantly by Christianity, which preserved some elements of Roman culture and society.
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The decline of the Roman Empire took hundreds of years and was caused by four main factors: economic troubles due to high taxes and inflation strained resources; political instability with weak emperors and civil wars; social problems like corruption as leaders served themselves; and external threats from invading groups like the Vandals and Visigoths. The Western Roman Empire officially fell in 476 AD when the barbarian Odoacer took Rome, but the Eastern portion continued as the Byzantine Empire for another thousand years, preserving Roman culture and law through achievements like the Justinian Code and architectural wonders like Hagia Sophia.
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The document defines the West or Western Civilization as referring originally to Western Europe and later including the United States. It describes some key characteristics of Western Europe between the 600s-1400s CE, including less political unity and stronger regional powers, weaker central governments with competition between the church, nobility and monarchs for power, and more independent cities and merchants with separation of political and religious life and emphasis on human reason and rationality in academics.
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This document summarizes world history from 1450-1750, highlighting major themes of the period including absolutism, global trade, the rise of Europe, and religious rivalry. Key developments discussed include the Ming dynasty in China, the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan, the Ottoman, Mughal, and various European empires, and the influx of commodities, slaves, and diseases to the Americas following European exploration and conquest. Overall the document outlines the political, economic, and cultural changes taking place globally during this pivotal time.
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The document summarizes the Middle Ages period in European history from around the 5th to 15th centuries. It covers the origins of the period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the significance of the transition to the modern world, and some outstanding achievements during this time including the establishment of universities, advances in law, commerce, architecture, arts, sciences, and more.
Ch 5 Ppt Pdf
This presentation is a student-teacher created slide show to accompany Ch. 5 from the textbook Exploring Globalization (Gardner & Lavold, 2007, McGraw-Hill Ryerson).
The Maritime Empires of Early Modern Europe.pdf
1) Early modern Europe saw the rise of maritime empires like Portugal, Spain, France, the Dutch Republic, and Britain through overseas exploration and colonization driven by economic and geopolitical factors.
2) Land-based empires like the Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal, Qing, and Russian also expanded during this period.
3) Developments in Europe included the formation of nation-states, the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, the Scientific Revolution and Age of Discovery, which had widespread global impacts.
Unit 2. ancien regime
The early modern age began in 1492 with the discovery of America and ended in 1789 with the French Revolution. This period saw the establishment of the Ancien Regime as discoveries and conquests increased economic and cultural exchange. Monarchies grew stronger as nobility held social power and the bourgeoisie gained economic influence. Art flourished through the Renaissance and Baroque periods reflecting social changes like the growth of humanism.
Big Era 6 Power Point
Global convergence from 1400 to 1800 led to accelerating changes worldwide. Ideas, goods, technologies, and pathogens spread further and faster as trade networks expanded. World population grew significantly due to improved nutrition, while disease devastated native populations in the Americas. States and empires grew larger and more powerful through conquests, colonization, and wealth from trade and manufacturing. Challenges to absolutist rulers emerged from new social elites and ideas about human rights and democracy. Overall, this era saw the world become more interconnected as it moved closer to the modern globalized world.
History 17 a online lecture 1
The document summarizes the peopling of the Americas through multiple migrations from Asia across land bridges and water passages. It describes the major pre-Columbian cultures that developed in Mesoamerica and South America, including the Olmecs, Mayas, Toltecs, Aztecs, and Incas. It also outlines the tribal cultures of North America and the Mississippian culture. The document then shifts to discussing the factors in Europe that led to the Age of Exploration, including trade, technology, and competition between European powers. It provides an overview of major European voyages and conquests in the Americas, including those led by Columbus, Cortes, Pizarro, and others.
Iberian And Northern Europeans
1. Christopher Columbus introduces himself and describes the Age of Exploration as a time when brave men like himself explored new lands, trade routes, and riches for Europe.
2. The major reasons for exploration included finding gold and wealth, glory for one's nation and oneself, spreading Christianity, seeking new trade routes around Muslim control of current routes, and new technologies enabling sea travel.
3. The Portuguese led early explorations, establishing trade routes to India and colonies in Africa and Asia, while the Spanish explored and conquered Central and South America and the Philippines. The Dutch and British later established trade in Asia and colonies in North America and the Caribbean.
The middle ages
The Medieval period in Europe began after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD and lasted until around 1500 AD. This period saw the migration of Germanic tribes into Europe, the rise of the Catholic Church and feudal system of government. Significant events included the Crusades beginning in 1099 to retake the Holy Land from Muslim rule, and the Black Death pandemic in the mid-14th century that killed around one-third of Europe's population. By the end of the Medieval era, the foundations were being laid for the Renaissance and modern Europe through developments in trade, education and culture.
Power point introduction to europe’s history
The document provides an overview of European history from ancient Greece to the Protestant Reformation. It discusses the Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta. It then covers the expansion of Alexander the Great's empire, the rise of the Roman Republic and Empire, and the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The document also summarizes the Middle Ages under the feudal system, the Crusades, the Black Plague, the Renaissance, and the Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther.
F:\Ap World History10\1450 1750\Rise Of West\Iberian And Northern Europeans
1. Christopher Columbus introduces himself and describes the Age of Exploration as a major turning point in history when brave men like himself explored beyond Europe in search of new lands, trade routes, and riches.
2. The main motivations for exploration were gold, glory, spreading Christianity, finding an eastern trade route around Muslim control, and new thinking from the Humanism movement.
3. Portuguese explorers like Bartholomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama found routes around Africa and to India, establishing Portugal's dominance in the Indian Ocean trade. Spanish explorers like Columbus and Balboa expanded Spain's empire in the Americas.
4th grading review class social studies
The document provides an overview for a 4th grade world history review class covering the Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, Age of Exploration, Industrial Revolution, and World War I. It defines key terms and concepts, lists important people, and highlights significant events for each time period. The analysis section examines the causes and effects of the Protestant Reformation, exploration, Industrial Revolution, and World War I.
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History of Thought - Part 4 from the Renaissance to the Industrial REvolution
History of Thought - Part 4 from the Renaissance to the Industrial REvolution
-Europe in Middle Ages, their lifestyle and their work
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F:\Ap World History10\1450 1750\Rise Of West\Iberian And Northern Europeans
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Global I Review #3 Civilizations
The document provides an overview of several global civilizations and time periods to review for a final exam, including West African Kingdoms, Tang/Song China, Mesoamerica, the Byzantine Empire, the Islamic Empire, the Ottoman Empire, cultural isolation and diffusion in Europe and Asia during the Middle Ages, the Mongols, European feudalism and the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Reformation, Japanese feudalism, and the impact of the printing press. It summarizes key geographical features, accomplishments, economic and political systems, religious influences, and cultural impacts for each topic.
Global 1 Review #2
This document provides information about four classical civilizations: Greece, Rome, Gupta India, and Qin/Han China. It identifies some key characteristics of classical civilizations as strong centralized governments, strong trade networks/economies, and contributions/ideas that lasted until today. For each civilization, the document outlines the geography, accomplishments, and some reasons for decline, such as corrupt government, high taxes, weak military, and outside invaders/attacks.
Global I Review #1 Introduction to Global History
This document provides an introduction to global history, including definitions of primary and secondary sources, how social scientists study and interpret history, different types of maps, what culture is, and the differences between cultural isolation and diffusion. It also summarizes some major turning points in history, including the transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer societies to the Neolithic Revolution and agriculture, and the subsequent rise of early civilizations along rivers like the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia.
A Globalized World
The document discusses globalization and the development of an integrated global economy marked by free trade and opening of cheaper labor markets. It describes how countries have become interdependent, with events in one area affecting others. Developed countries now rely more on technology, education and industry while developing countries rely more on agriculture and have lower standards of living. The document provides an example of an entrepreneur, Gus, who opens an underwear factory in Britain but struggles with high costs and decides to relocate to a developing country to take advantage of cheaper labor and materials. This allows for lower prices but also has negative effects like job losses in developed countries.
Industrialization to Imperialism
The Industrial Revolution led to new methods of production using machines instead of human labor. This caused population growth and a shift to urban areas and factory work. European nations competed for resources and new markets in the late 1800s, dividing up Africa and gaining control over India and China through unequal treaties. The effects included exploitation of resources, suppression of resistance like the Sepoy Mutiny in India and the Zulu wars in Africa, and ethnic conflicts from imposed European borders in Africa.
A Century of Crisis
The document summarizes key events and effects of major 20th century conflicts and human rights issues:
World War I was caused by militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism, and led to the Treaty of Versailles, depression, and WWII. World War II was caused by fascism in Germany and Italy and Japan's imperialism, and led to the UN, Nuremberg trials, creation of Israel, and Cold War divisions. The Cold War was caused by competing ideologies following WWII and ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Major human rights issues discussed include the Ukrainian famine under Stalin, apartheid in South Africa ended by Mandela, the Rwandan genocide, killings in Cambodia and Myanmar
Review #2 Nationalism
The document discusses the rise of nationalism in several countries and regions from the 19th to 20th centuries. It outlines the causes and effects of nationalism in places such as Germany, Italy, the Balkans, India, Zionism, China, Africa, the former USSR, and more. Nationalism was typically driven by a desire for self-determination and sovereignty in response to foreign imperialism. However, it often exacerbated ethnic and religious tensions, leading to conflicts and human rights violations in many areas.
Review #1 Political Revolutions
The document discusses several political revolutions throughout history, including their causes and effects. It analyzes revolutions in France, Latin America, Japan, Russia, China, and Iran. Many of the revolutions were sparked by Enlightenment ideas of natural rights and popular sovereignty challenging absolutism, as well as economic and social inequalities failing to meet peoples' needs. The revolutions led to new forms of government, from democracies to communist and Islamic states, and changes in society, politics, and foreign relations.
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Global 1 Review #4: Global Interactions
- 1. Global Interactions and an Age of Questioning Review #4
- 2. Causes What is it? Effects Crusades• tension between Christianity and Islam over the Holy Land (Israel and Jerusalem) Holy wars btwn 1000- 1200s •Trade increases between Europe and Asia •Began a transition in Europe form Middle Ages Renaissance
- 3. Causes What is it? Effects Black Death •Increase of trade across Eurasia (Silk Road, Commercial Revolution) •Empire expansion by Mongols (war) •25 million dead •Production declined •Collapse of Feudalism •Growth of urban trade
- 4. Causes What is it? Effects Mercantilism: Encomienda System: Columbian Exchange: Triangular Trade/Middle Passage: Age of Exploration A period beginning in the 1400s of European exploration of the world “Discovery” of the Americas •Desire to find cheaper trade routes not under Ottoman control •Invention of… •gun powder •printing press better navigation technology (astrolabe, caravel) •Led by Spain and Portugal •Begins era of European Domination •Aztecs conquered by Cortes •Incas conquered by Pizzaro •Economic system to supply resources and profit to benefit mother country •Social Structure in Spanish colonies based on race/labor •Exchange of new ideas and goods btwn Americas and Europe •African Slaves Americas goods/material to Europe
- 5. A European Age of Questioning The Printing Press Renaissance Protestant Reformation Scientific Revolution • Invented by Johann Gutenberg • Books made more efficiently = • Cheaper books = • Spread of knowledge and ideas • Begins in Italy ($$ from trade) • “rebirth in Greco- Roman Learning = • Golden Age of art and culture in Western Europe • Inspired by humanism • Invention of Printing press + • Corrupt church (indulgences) = • Martin Luther posts 95 Theses • Leads to in religious unity across Europe • Scientists question traditional authority • Use reason and experimentation • Galileo (heliocentrism) • Newton (gravity)