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- 2. Expeditions to S.E. Asia, India, Arabia, and East Africa-Zheng He Goals-Impress world with the power and splendor of Ming China and to expand the tribute system Tribute-Envoys from other countries would travel to China with tribute Voyages end after the scholar officials complain it is a waste of money and China withdraws into isolation
- 4. Renaissance ideas Desire for trade routes, spices, and profits Desire to spread Christianity New technologies in ships and sailing Increase country’s power Absolute monarchs used their power to support the Age of Exploration Gold, Glory, and God!
- 5. Exchange of new foods, livestock, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds- New foods become staples in people’s diets in both regions Beginnings of colonization of the Americas
- 6. Commercial Revolution-New business and trade practices brought about in Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries Wealth from the Americas Maritime innovations for overseas exploration and trade Capitalism-private ownership and investment for profit-growth of merchant class Joint-Stock companies-investors pool their money to establish colonies and minimize personal loss of $$$
- 8. Mercantilism-colonies provide gold/silver (bullionism) and a favorable balance of trade (suppliers of raw materials and markets for the finished goods of the mother country) New institutions such as banks, stock exchanges, insurance companies, and futures markets
- 11. One the Americas… ◦ Horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs ◦ Foods from Africa including bananas, black-eyed peas, and yams ◦ Grains such as rice, barley, wheat, and oats ◦ Diseases such as smallpox, measles, and influenza that led to the deaths of millions of Native Americans ◦ Slaves from Africa
- 12. On Europe and Asia ◦ New foods and plants including corn, tomatoes, chocolate, tobacco, quinine, and potatoes ◦ Population boom…especially in China
- 13. On West Africa ◦ Political-promoted warfare between African states. Africans had access to European weapons (guns) and these became a source of power ◦ Economic-slave trade increased demand for slaves and European manufactured goods ◦ Cultural-Christianity in W. Africa; African artists create products for European market
- 15. On the Americas… ◦ Increase in African population-directly related to slavery ◦ Dependence on slave labor for the production of cash crops ◦ Knowledge of agriculture including rice spread into southern colonies ◦ Aspects of African food, music, and art leave a lasting influence on American culture
- 18. Aztecs conquered by Cortes-1519 Inca conquered by Pizarro-1532 Superior weapons-gunpowder Horses Disease Intermarriage-mestizos Enslavement and harsh treatment Forced labor (farms, ranches, and mines) Encomienda system Conversion to Christianity
- 19. Astronomy-calendars Elaborate pyramids and temples Aztecs-city on a lake Inca-Machu Picchu, road system, counting and record-keeping (quipu)
- 22. Capture of Constantinople>Istanbul Cultural and political achievements under Suleiman Capture of Mecca, Medina, and Cairo Empire in place until the end of WWI
- 24. Eastern Europe ◦ Constantinople conquered and renamed Istanbul- 1453 ◦ Suleiman advanced into Hungary and Austria but was stopped at the Siege of Vienna in 1529 Global trade Safety for merchants Naval trade in spices, wheat, and lumber throughout the Mediterranean, Aegean, Black, and Red Seas and the Persian Gulf