10 A Globalized World
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The document discusses several key aspects of an increasingly globalized world: 1) It describes an interdependent global economy where developments in one region can impact others, and highlights differences between developed and developing economies. 2) It provides examples of major economic organizations that promote regional cooperation and trade such as the EU, NAFTA, OAS, and ASEAN. 3) It outlines several major global problems including environmental issues like pollution and global warming, terrorism, poverty, and health challenges exacerbated by growing populations and uneven access to resources. 4) It discusses modern global revolutions in agriculture and technology and their mixed impacts, as well as challenges currently facing regions like Africa and Latin America.
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3. Changing Patterns of Life - Urbanization, women's rights advances, and new technologies transformed daily life while a new global culture emerged through modern communication. Traditional ways weakened as Western influences spread globally.
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Demographic, technological & natural environment
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Globalization has both benefits and drawbacks. It allows for increased trade and sharing of technologies and culture, but can also widen inequality gaps. It provides more opportunities through open markets and innovation, but can threaten local identities and result in job losses. Whether globalization is good or bad depends on how its opportunities and threats are managed.
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Random junk
1) Developed and developing nations face challenges from migrations, ethnic/religious conflicts, and new technologies. Migrations often cause displacement conflicts and guest workers migrate to cities. Ethnic/religious conflicts have shaped regions like the Middle East.
2) New technologies are unequally accessed between nations and have made societies more instantaneous through communication, leading to issues like genetic engineering and bioethics.
3) Countries vary in economic development, populations, and social conditions, impacting environments through pollution, urbanization, and climate change, posing social challenges like poverty and health issues.
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Cold War Notes
The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States and their respective allies from 1945 to 1991. This period saw an arms race, proxy wars, and the establishment of military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact. In the late 1980s, reforms under Gorbachev led to openness and democracy in the Soviet Union, eventually causing its collapse and the end of the Cold War.
3 belief systems
The document provides an overview of several major world religions including Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Confucianism, Christianity, Islam, Shintoism, and animism. It summarizes the key beliefs, origins, sacred texts, and historical impacts of each religion. Shintoism and animism are both nature-based religions that worship spirits found in natural elements and phenomena.
2 classical civilizations
Classical civilizations had three common characteristics: strong centralized governments, strong trade networks and economies, and ideas/contributions that lasted until today. They also experienced a golden age period of peace, prosperity, and progress. The document then summarizes the classical civilizations of Greece, Rome, Gupta India, and Han China, outlining their geography, accomplishments, and reasons for decline.
1 intro to global
This document provides an introduction to global history. It discusses primary and secondary sources that historians use to understand the past. It also outlines different social scientists like economists, geographers, archaeologists, and anthropologists and how they study and interpret history. The document defines different types of maps, what culture is, and the differences between cultural isolation and cultural diffusion. A major turning point in history discussed is the Neolithic Revolution and domestication of plants and animals, which led to permanent settlements and early civilizations along river valleys like Mesopotamia, Indus Valley, Yellow River Valley, and Nile River Valley.
1 intro to global
This document provides an introduction to global history, including how historians study and interpret the past using primary and secondary sources. Social scientists like economists, geographers, archaeologists, and anthropologists also help examine and explain human history. The document outlines some key concepts in global history, such as different types of maps, what culture is, how cultural diffusion and isolation can impact societies, the Neolithic Revolution and transition to permanent settlements and early civilizations along major river valleys.
Between The Wars
The document discusses the aftermath of World War I and the lead up to World War II. Key figures like Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George, and Clemenceau attended the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 to determine the Treaty of Versailles. Germany was punished severely which caused resentment. The League of Nations was formed but failed to ensure lasting peace. Nationalism continued to rise in the postwar period, contributing to conflicts. The Great Depression in 1929 exacerbated economic and political instability globally in the lead up to WWII.
Russian Revolutions
The document summarizes the causes and impacts of the revolutions in Russia. It describes how dissatisfaction with the czarist regime led to the 1905 revolution due to poverty, oppression, and military defeats. This was followed by the 1917 revolutions which overthrew the provisional government and brought the Bolsheviks led by Lenin to power, establishing the Soviet Union. Lenin introduced the New Economic Policy to help economic recovery but it was replaced by Stalin's policies of rapid industrialization, collectivization of agriculture, and violent repression of opposition.
Imperialism 1850 1914
Imperialism between 1850-1914 saw European powers increase their control over Asia and Africa through colonialism. European nations industrialized and needed new markets and resources, leading them to dominate weaker states. This "New Imperialism" focused on Asia and Africa. It was justified through ideas like Social Darwinism, the White Man's Burden, and a desire to Christianize people. Britain controlled large parts of India through the East India Company and later directly ruled it. Chinese resistance to Western influence led to the Opium Wars and Treaty of Nanjing, opening China to European domination. Nationalist movements eventually emerged to resist imperial control.
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10 A Globalized World
- 2. INTERDEPENDENT GLOBAL ECONOMY Developed: Developing: Interdependent: what happens in one part of the world has an effect on other areas •Countries work together for the benefit of all •Dependence on agricultural production •Low standard of living •Lack of technology •Modern agriculture and industry •Advanced Technology •Strong educational system
- 3. ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS European Union (EU) North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Organization of American States (OAS) Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Expanded free trade by ending tariffs 25 member states Euro is common currency Free trade between Canada, U.S. and Mexico (1990) Lower trade barriers Encourage foreign investment Formed to strengthen democracy, promote human rights & confront problems (poverty, terrorism, illegal drugs, corruption) Western Hemisphere (U.S., Canada) Formed in 1967 Coordinates policies among member nations (trade & agriculture) Example of regional cooperation
- 4. GLOBAL PROBLEMS: ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Pollution: contamination of the environment, including air, water, and soil Acid Rain: rains falls through air that is contaminated by pollution Global Warming: gradual rise in the temperature of the earth (Greenhouse Effect) Deforestation: destruction of forests Desertification: change of arable (useable) land into desert land (example: Sahara Desert in Africa) Nuclear proliferation: spread of nuclear energy/weapons (example: Chernobyl, India & Pakistan, North Korea, Iran)
- 5. GLOBAL PROBLEMS: TERRORISM The deliberate use of unpredictable violence, especially against civilians, to gain revenge or achieve political goals. Usually used by groups that do not have military power Recent Examples: 9/11 attacks (conflict between extreme traditionalists and western societies) disputes between nationalist groups over homeland (Palestine & Israel) domestic conflict
- 6. GLOBAL PROBLEMS: POVERTY Result of urbanization and overpopulation (lack of food and resources) Shantytowns: areas of makeshift shacks that lack sewer systems, electricity, and other basic services
- 7. GLOBAL PROBLEMS: HEALTH/MEDICINE People living longer: infant mortality rates , quality of life Antibiotics Vaccines Transplants Laser surgery Challenges: Genetic Engineering New Epidemics: AIDS, SARS Rich countries have medical supplies, poor countries do not
- 8. MODERN GLOBAL REVOLUTIONS Green Revolution **INCREASING THE FOOD SUPPLY** Irrigation Machinery Fertilizer & Pesticides New foods Positive: food production; develops new food products Negative: depends on rainfall; costly chemicals; small farmers lose job Computer Revolution (Information revolution) **GREAT INCREASE IN THE USE OF COMPUTERS** Internet; Social Media Literacy Positive: creates new jobs; links people, businesses, nations; makes more information available Negative: expensive (only some people can afford it); widens gap between global North and South
- 9. AFRICA TODAY African countries gained independence after WWII Dependent on Europe for imports/manufactured goods Obstacles to progress: Population and poverty Political problems Economic dependence (on West) Land and climate Economic policies Ethnic tension & Nationalism Rwandan genocide, Darfur, Congo, Central African Republic
- 10. LATIN AMERICA TODAY Cash-crop economies unstable; dependent on West Argentina – democracy Nicaragua – Sandinistas & Contras Mexico – gap between rich & poor, social classes, population and poverty, urban growth OAS (Organization of American States) NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)