This document provides an introduction to global history. It discusses primary and secondary sources that historians use to understand the past. It also outlines different social scientists like economists, geographers, archaeologists, and anthropologists and how they study and interpret history. The document defines different types of maps, what culture is, and the differences between cultural isolation and cultural diffusion. A major turning point in history discussed is the Neolithic Revolution and domestication of plants and animals, which led to permanent settlements and early civilizations along river valleys like Mesopotamia, Indus Valley, Yellow River Valley, and Nile River Valley.

1. GLOBAL I REVIEW #1
An Introduction to
Global History

2. How do we know about History?
Primary Source Secondary Source
What is it?
Provide Examples
A historical
account written
during the time
period
A historical account
written after the
time period by
someone who didn’t
experience it
Diary, newspaper,
autobiography,
journal, interview
with survivors,
original film
footage
Textbook, modern
novel of the past,
lectures/
interviews by
modern experts

3. Social Scientists Study and Interpret History
Economist
Geographer
Archaeologist
Anthropologist
•Studies RESOURCES (natural resources, money,
labor)
•Examines production and distribution of goods and
services
•Studies how people interact with the environment
•Makes connections between people and places
•Find, study and interpret historical evidence from the
past; look for ARTIFACTS
•Analyzes and examines historical artifacts to recreate
a picture from the past; what was their culture like?

4. Types of Maps
Physical
Political
•Shows topographical landforms (what Earth LOOKS like)
•Mountains, plateaus, deserts, lakes, rivers, etc.
•Shows political boundaries (man-made things)
•Countries, cities, empires, etc.

5. What is Culture????
•The total LEARNED
BEHAVIOR of a group of people
(family, nation, country, etc)
•behavior patterns, arts,
religion, institutions, language
and all other human work

6. Cultural Isolation vs. Cultural Diffusion
Cultural Isolation Cultural Diffusion
Causes
Traditional Culture-
Effects
•Geographically
separated
•Deserts (Sahara)
•Mountains
(Himalayas)
•Islands (Japan)
•Trade (Silk Road)
•Migration (Bantu)
•War (Crusades)
•Change occurs slowly
• Live w/ extended families
•Subsistence farming-
growing just enough to
survive
•Spread of ideas
(religion, inventions)
•Economic growth 
Golden Ages

7. MAJOR TURNING POINT!!!
Nomads The Neolithic Revolution Civilizations!
Africa-
River Valley Civilizations-
•Followed food
• Did not settle
in one place
•ALL Humans
evolved from
Rift Valley in
East Africa
•Followed food
out of Africa
and populated
world
•Discovery of farming
and domestication of
animals in the Fertile
Crescent in Middle East
•Change the way people
attained food
•Steady Food Supply
•***Permanent Settlements***
1.Advanced Technology
2.Record Keeping
3.New Social Class
4.Complex Institutions
•Relied on river for survival
•Annual flood fertilizes land
1. Mesopotamia- Hammurabi’s Code
2. Indus (India)- urban planning
3. Yellow River (China)
4. Nile (Egypt)
Writing
System