This presentation is about the industrial applications of Halophilic organisms. Halophilic organisms do not have many potential applications but research has it in there the potential applications of Halophiles and their use in the manufacture of industrial products.

1. Industrial Applications
of Halophilic Organisms.
Ranjana Mangesh Parab
SYBSc.B 186

2. Introduction
Halophiles are organisms represented by archaea,
bacteria, and eukarya for which the main
characteristic is their salinity requirement,
halophilic “salt-loving”.
Halophilic microorganisms constitute the natural
microbial communities of hypersaline ecosystems,
which are widely distributed around the world.
They are found in Hypersalione ecosystems such
as: salt marshes, subterranean salt deposits, dry
soils, salted meats, hypersaline seas, and salt
evaporation pools.

3. Examples of Hypersaline
Ecosystems:
Solar salterns Owens Lake Dead Sea

4. Classification of Halophilic
Organisms based on salt
Concentration
Halophiles
Slight
Halophiles
Moderate
Halophiles
Extreme
Halophiles

5. Industrial Applications of
Halophilic Organisms
 Used in Fermented foods
Used in Production of Enzymes
Used in Production of beta-carotene by Dunaliella
Used in Production of Ectoine
Used in Production of Exopolysaccharides
Used for Bioplastic Production
Used for Bioremediation in Agriculture
Used for Production of Bioactive compounds
Used for Biodegradation Process

6. Used in Fermented foods
• Fermentation is one of the oldest
method used for preservation of
food.
• For the purpose of preservation
high amount of natural preservative
such as Sugar or Salt are used.
• Halophilic organisms that are salt-
loving are also used in production
of these fermented products on a
commercial basis.
• Eg: Tetragenococcus strains are
used for the manufacturing process
of Soya sauce.
• A new isolate of Halakalicoccus
jeotgali was found in the shrimp
jeotgal which is a popular Korean
Fermented fish dish made of whole
fish or shellfish,

7. Production of Enzymes
 Hydrolytic enzymes produced by
Halophiles are highly regarded for their
use as Biocatalysts.
 Lipolytic Enzyme produced by
Marinobacter lipolyticus are used in
manufacture of Fish and Olive oil.
 Proteolytic enzyme by Halobacillus
karajenesis has been extensively
employed in baking, brewing and dairy
sectors.
 Bacterial Amylases produced by
Thalassobacillus is used in starch
stratification in textile,food, brewing and
distilling industires.

8. Production of B-Carotene by
Dunaliella
 The Beta-Carotene extracted from Dunaliella
salina is used as a colorant, an immunostimulator,
and as an antioxidant by the cosmetic,
pharmaceutical and nuitrtition industries
respectively.
 The extraction of the beta-carotene can be done by
various methods:
 1} Combination of Polar-Non-polar Solvents
 2} Flocculation
 3} Surface Adsorption
 4} Centrifugation
Beta-carotene

9. Ectoine Production
 Ectoine serves to stabilize the
physiological properties of the cells
and protect them from external
osmotic stress, caused by high
salinity, heat, loss of water and UV
irradiation.
 Ectoin is a synthetic or naturally-
derived ingredient that acts as an
emollient on skin and can also have a
buffering and anti-pollution effect in
cosmetic formulas.
 Industrially, ectoine is produced by
Halomonas elongata through a
“bacterial milking” process.

10. Production Of
Exopolysaccharides
 Exopolysaccharides acts as an
environmental stress protecting agent, helps
in adhesion to surfaces, plays a role in
pathogenesis, etc.
 The exopolysaccharide produced by
Halomonas spp can synthesize polymers
with a variety of physico-chemical properties.
 Exopolysaccharide produced by Halomonas
maura is used as viscofier and as a gelling
agent in food industry.
 Halophilic exopolysaccharide also has the
ability to remove dangerous heavy metals
and dyes.

11. Bioplastic production
 The Polyhydroalkonates (PHA) are
a natural linear polyster that are
produced by microbial fermentation
which are used for the manufacture
of Biodegradable Plastic.
 Amongst the various classes of
PHA, PHBs are the only one that
are completely biodegradable,
making them an ideal option of
protecting the environment from the
plastic pollution.
 PHA producing Halophilic
organisms: Haloferax mediterranei,
Halomonas elongate, etc.

12. Bioremediation in Agriculture
 Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria, the
halophiles are now being employed
as an inoculant in the production of
Biostimulants, Biofertilizer for plant
pathogen biocontrol.
 Halomonas are frequently employed
halophiles that reduce salt stress and
promote plant growth.
 Along with Halomonas, reported
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria are
Ochrobactrum, Acinetobacterium,
Oceanobacillus and others

13. Production of Bioactive
Compounds
 For finding new sources of antimicrobial chemicals to develop
effective medications against pathogenic bacteria, that have
become resistant to the former, Halophiles have been employed
widely.
 Halocins, a proteinaceous antitumor and antimicrobial agent has
been discovered from mild and severly halophilic prokaryotes.
 Other class of Halobacteria that have shown to produce
antimicrobial activity include: Natrinema, Natrialba, Haloarcula,
Halopiger, etc.

14. Biodegradation Process
 Halophiles have been used for the process of Biodegradation
of sewage sludge.
 Halophiles for example, Sporohalobacter marismortui and
Haloanaerobium praevalens are obligatory anaerobic
eubacteria that has the potential of quickly reducing aromatic
nitrogenous compounds found in abundance in the sewage
sludge.