1. Retailing is defined as all activities involved in selling goods or services directly to consumers for their personal use. A retailer is a business whose sales primarily come from retailing.
2. There are different types of retailing including general merchandising retailing like department stores, food retailing like supermarkets and convenience stores, and non-store retailing like internet, catalog, and television home shopping.
3. International retailing faces issues related to legislation, taxation, consumer perspective differences between countries, and managing salespeople across borders.
Retailing is the act of selling products or services to people for their personal, non business use. A retailer is a business that specializes in the act of retailing primarily.
Retailing includes all the activities involved in selling goods or services directly to final customers for their personal, non business use. A retailer is any business enterprise whose sales volume comes primarily from retailing.
The presentation is specially compiled as a study material for the B.Com-I students in the context with Pakistani Retailing tradition. This topic is included in their course subject ITB (Introduction to Business). It was cared not to overloaded the slides with a lot of text and tried to portrayed the concept through visuals.
Local Food Merchandising in Retail - Using Food Hubs to source unique productsFranco Naccarato
This presentation is an introduction to a proposed project of using food hubs to source local products for retailers and foodservice operators in Ontario.
Retailing is the act of selling products or services to people for their personal, non business use. A retailer is a business that specializes in the act of retailing primarily.
Retailing includes all the activities involved in selling goods or services directly to final customers for their personal, non business use. A retailer is any business enterprise whose sales volume comes primarily from retailing.
The presentation is specially compiled as a study material for the B.Com-I students in the context with Pakistani Retailing tradition. This topic is included in their course subject ITB (Introduction to Business). It was cared not to overloaded the slides with a lot of text and tried to portrayed the concept through visuals.
Local Food Merchandising in Retail - Using Food Hubs to source unique productsFranco Naccarato
This presentation is an introduction to a proposed project of using food hubs to source local products for retailers and foodservice operators in Ontario.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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2. SUMARY
1. Definition
2. Types
• General merchandising retailing
• Food retailing
• Non store Retailing
3. Issues in international retailing
3. DEFINITION
Retailing (according to Kotler):
All activities involved in selling goods or services
directly to final consumers for their personal, nonbusiness
use.
Retailer :
Business whose sales come primarily from retailing.
4. GENERAL MERCHANDISING RETAILING
Retailers offering a narrow
product line and wide assortment.
Ex : FNAC (Music products)
Zara (youth fashion)
Specialty Stores Specialized Markets
Markets that house stores
specializing in a particular product
category.
Ex : Marché biologique des Batignolles
Spice market in Istanbul
5. Offer a broad variety of goods
and wide assortments.
Ex :
Department Stores
General merchandise
discount stores
GENERAL MERCHANDISING RETAILING
Sell high volumes of merchandise,
charge lower prices and offer
limited service. They are 2 types :
All-purpose and
Category specialists
6. Sell brand name and designer
merchandise at bellow regular
retail prices. Overruns, irregular
products, previous
seasons´products.
Ex : La vallée village in France
Offer high-turnover, brand name
goods at discount prices.
Off price retailers Catalog showrooms
GENERAL MERCHANDISING RETAILING
7. Small residential retailers, open
long hours and carry limited lines
of higher-turnover necessities.
Self-service retailers with annual
sales higher than 2million€ and
less than 20. 000 square feet of
store space.
Ex :
Combination stores (food and drug).
Hypermarkets combine supermarket,
discount and warehouse retailing.
Require members to pay or no and
offer limited lines of brand name
merchandise at a substantial discount.
Ex :
Convenience store Super centre/Hyper market
FOOD RETAILING
Convenience supermarket Warehouse clubs
8. Increasingly popular and extent of
use from country to country.
Interactive home shopping or
electronic retailing, increase
company diversification.
Vending machines Internet retailing
NON-STORE RETAILING
Television home shopping
A venue for selling merchandising to consumers
in their homes using cable channels.
9. Venues for selling merchandise to
consumers using catalog and
other types of direct mail. Must be
adapted to local market needs
and practices.
Is a salesperson, typically an
independent distributor, contacts
a consumer, demonstrates
product use and benefits.
Catalog retailing Direct selling
NON-STORE RETAILING
Network Marketing
Is growing rapidly, especially in emerging markets.
10. ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL RETAILING
Legislation and regulation
Taxation and cross border shopping
Consumer perspective variation
Salespeople and management