The document discusses respiration in organisms, explaining the necessity of respiration for energy extraction from food and detailing cellular respiration processes, including aerobic and anaerobic respiration. It highlights the role of oxygen in breaking down glucose within cells, while also addressing how some organisms, like yeast, obtain energy in the absence of oxygen. Additionally, it mentions the historical discovery of mitochondria and the foundational cellular functions that require energy.

1. RESPIRATION IN ORGANISMS-1
CLASS-VII CBSE

2. •WHY DO WE RESPIRE?
•HOW FOOD HELPS US IN GAINING
ENERGY?
•WHAT IS CELLULAR
RESPIRATION?
•TYPES OF RESPIRATION
•BREATHING
•HOW DO WE BREATHE?
•WHY DO WE SNEEZE?
•WHAT DO WE BREATHE OUT?
•BREATHING IN OTHER ANIMALS
•BREATHING UNDER WATER
•DO PLANTS RESPIRE
RESPIRATION IN ORANISMS

3. The long history of mitochondria began in 1857 and is the result of work
carried out by dozens of scientists.
The first person to discover mitochondria was Swiss anatomist and
physiologist who described the granule-like structures in muscle cells.

4. All organisms are made of small microscopic units called cells.
A cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism.
Each cell of an organism performs certain functions such as
nutrition, transport, excretion and reproduction.

5. Each cell of an organism performs certain functions such as
nutrition, transport, excretion and reproduction.

6. To perform these functions, the cell needs energy. Even when we are
eating, sleeping or reading we require energy.
Hence, all living organisms need food which gives them the required
energy.
The energy present in the food gets released when the organisms
respire or breathe.

7. The food has stored energy, which is released during respiration.
Therefore, all living organisms respire to get energy from food.

8. During breathing, we breathe in air. You know that air contains
oxygen. We breathe out air which is rich in carbon dioxide.

9. The air we breathe in is transported to all parts of the body and
ultimately to each cell. In the cells, oxygen in the air helps in the
breakdown of food.

10. The process of breakdown of food in the cell with the release of
energy is called cellular respiration. Cellular respiration takes place
in the cells of all organisms.

11. In the cell, the food (glucose) is broken down into carbon dioxide
and water using oxygen.
When breakdown of glucose occurs with the use of oxygen it is called
aerobic respiration.

12. Food can also be broken down, without using oxygen. This is called
anaerobic respiration. Breakdown of food releases energy.

13. Anaerobic respiration takes place in muscles of human beings. This
happens when we do a more amount of physical work.
And sometimes sufficient amount of oxygen is unable to reach the
muscles hence anaerobic respiration occurs in muscles and lactic
acid is formed.

14. In anaerobic respiration, glucose breaks down without oxygen. The
chemical reaction transfers energy from glucose to the cell.
Anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid, rather than carbon
dioxide and water. Unfortunately this can lead to painful muscle
cramps.

15. You should know that there are some organisms such as yeast that
can survive in the absence of air. They are called anaerobes.
They get energy through anaerobic respiration. In the absence of
oxygen, glucose breaks down into alcohol and carbon dioxide, as
given below:

16. Yeasts are single-celled organisms. They respire anaerobically and
during this process yield alcohol. They are, therefore, used to make
wine and beer