My presentation on resin transfer molding. Not much description included. For reference i would recommend
" Composite manufacturing by Sanjay Mazumdar".
RTM is a low-pressure molding process, where a mixed resin and catalyst are injected into a closed mold containing a fiber pack or preform . when the resin has cured the mold can be opened and finished component removed.
Pultrusion is a continuous process for manufacture of composite materials with constant cross-section.
It is more widely used in industries where there is a continuous demand of the product
An indepth description of filament winding and its fabrication.The slide has good understandability concepts that can be utilised for simple and effective presentation.
RTM is a low-pressure molding process, where a mixed resin and catalyst are injected into a closed mold containing a fiber pack or preform . when the resin has cured the mold can be opened and finished component removed.
Pultrusion is a continuous process for manufacture of composite materials with constant cross-section.
It is more widely used in industries where there is a continuous demand of the product
An indepth description of filament winding and its fabrication.The slide has good understandability concepts that can be utilised for simple and effective presentation.
Learn about the Pultrusion Process WorkTribeniFiber
Pultrusion is a continuous molding process. It gives a sustainable and long-lasting product. Here present the information about the Pultrusion Process Work. Please visit here.
Autoclave is a closed vessel (Round or Cylindrical) in which processes occur under simultaneous application of high temperature and pressure. Autoclave molding technique is similar to vacuum bag and pressure bag molding method with some modifications. This method employs an autoclave to provide heat and pressure to the composite product during curing.
Learn about the Pultrusion Process WorkTribeniFiber
Pultrusion is a continuous molding process. It gives a sustainable and long-lasting product. Here present the information about the Pultrusion Process Work. Please visit here.
Autoclave is a closed vessel (Round or Cylindrical) in which processes occur under simultaneous application of high temperature and pressure. Autoclave molding technique is similar to vacuum bag and pressure bag molding method with some modifications. This method employs an autoclave to provide heat and pressure to the composite product during curing.
Plastic injection molding continues to advance as new technology emerges, and with its growth comes new opportunities for using parts made with this method in automotive manufacturing. The global industry continues to work a higher percentage of plastic injection molding parts into each new round of vehicle designs, and plastic injection molding is capable of keeping up with demand.
Resin transfer molding (RTM) is a method of fabricating high-tech composite structures. The RTM process is capable of consistently producing composite parts with high strength, complex geometries, tight dimensional tolerances, and part quality typically required of aerospace applications. RTM uses a closed mold commonly made of aluminum. A fiber "layup" such as graphite is placed into the mold. The mold is closed, sealed, heated, and placed under vacuum. Heated resin is injected into the mold to impregnate the fiber layup. Having the mold heated and under vacuum assists the resin flow. The mold is then held at a temperature sufficient to cure the resin. Current RTM technology produces lightweight parts with excellent mechanical properties. With these qualities, composite materials are gaining wide use in a variety of structural and non-structural applications common in aerospace and aviation. RTM is one method of fabricating these composite structures.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
11. PROCESS PARAMETERS
• . FIBER VOLUME
• Fiber Volume Fraction:65%
PRESSURE
• Processing Pressure:max.200KPa
TEMPERATURE
• Processing temperature:20-50 degree
celsius
PRODUCTION RATE
• Production rate:1-4/hour/mould
12. FIBER VOLUME
• In RTM ,there is a higher fiber
volume fractions .
• Due to higher fiber volume, we have
less void fractions as compared to
other processes.
• In RTM we can achieve upto 65%
volume fractions.
13. PRESSURE:
• The pressure in the mold is applied using
resin injection pressure
• This helps the resin flow inside the mold
through the cavities
• Typically, the resin pressure is low usually
in the range of 10-100 psi
14. TEMPERATURE
• Temperature is strictly related to the injection
pressure and the viscosity of the resin.
• Temperature selection during,RTM process
depends on the type of resin.
15. PRODUCTION RATE
This process is wellsuited for mass production of:
• 100 to 10,000 units/year of highquality composite fiberglass or fiber-
reinforced plastic parts.
16. ● Production cost: Low Initial investment and less operating expenses makes its
production cost moderate
● Material cost: Fiber and resin cost is high due to the use of continuous fiber and
thermoset resin
● Tooling cost: simple and inexpensive tool are used hence low tool cost
● Equipment cost: Low cost equipments .
17. ● Dimensionally accurate complex shapes.
● Small and 3-D bent parts.
● Best for thin wall open shapes.
● Good surface finish.
PART GEOMETRY
18. • Uniform part size and thickness
• Consistent material usage
• Finished surface on both sides
• Reduced VOC emissions – less environmental impact
• Lighter weight part
19. • Costly
• Higher cycle times
• Requires trial and error experimentation for complex parts
22. Acronyms for the resin infusion :
MVI. Modified Vacuum Infusion (Airbus
technology).
SCRIMP Process. Seeman Composites
VAP. by EADS.
VARIM. (Lotus Cars).
DVB process. NASA developed
CAPRI process. by Boeing Aircraft Co.
RESIN INFUSION MOLDING
23. MAJOR DIFFERENCES
RTM Resin Infusion
Two rigid tools One rigid and one flexible
Positive pressure Negative pressure
24. Step 1 The Mold
Prepare your mold clean and apply mold release
agent.
Select your reinforcement E-glass
S-glass
Carbon fibre
Kevlar
Select your flow media and/or core material
EnkaFusion Nylon Matting
DIVINYMAT Sandwich Core
Lantor Soric® XF
SETUP AND EQUIPMENT
25. Step 2
Installation of vacuum and resin lines
And finally the vacuum bag
The bag should be tight
Before the pump is switched on, it is
important to clamp off the resin line
Use of resin trap
SETUP AND EQUIPMENT
26. Step 3 Vacuum Pump
Attach the pump it is quite beneficial to
have a stronger pump
Ensure proper vacuum leaks pose the biggest
problem
SETUP AND EQUIPMENT
27. Step 4 Prepare for Infusion
Select your resin
Vinyl Ester
Polyester
Epoxy
Resin Bucket Set-up
Mix up the resin
Resin bucket assembly is firmly in place
SETUP AND EQUIPMENT
28. Once the laminate is completely wet out
Clamp off resin line
Keep the pump running (recommended)
Open the mold to extract the part
Application
Boat hulls
Wind turbine blades
Aerospace and automobile parts
The last step
29. ADVANTAGES
Cost effective
High quality and high strength
Physically larger parts (boat hulls, wind turbine blades)
Dry handling of reinforcement
The low emission of volatiles