The document discusses different types of questionnaires and factors to consider when designing one. It defines a questionnaire as a research instrument used to collect information through questions. There are two main types: open-ended questionnaires that allow free responses; and closed-form questionnaires that provide response options. Important considerations for questionnaire design include question wording, order, and avoiding bias. The goal is to create a concise, clear, and unbiased set of questions to accurately gather the desired information from respondents.

2. Questionnaire

4. “A questionnaire is a research
instrument consisting of a series of
questions and other prompts for
the purpose of gathering
information from respondents.”
‘(Wikipedia)’

5. Preparing a questionnaire or a form is one of the
most delicate moments of the entire work.
If insignificant information is asked and
important information is omitted, results will be
irrelevant and of little use.
Before starting preparing a questionnaire or a
form it is important know that it is necessary to
distinguish among key variables, explicative and
structure variables.

6. Definition
A questionnaire is a means of
eliciting the feelings, beliefs,
experiences, perceptions, or
attitudes of some sample of
individuals as a data collecting
instrument, it could be structured or
unstructured.

7. Factors affecting questionnaires
 Length of the questionnaire.
 Reputation of the sponsoring agency.
 Complexity of the questions asked.
 Relative importance of the study as
determined by the potential respondent.
 Extent to which the respondent believes that
his responses are important.
 Quality and design of the questionnaire.
 Time of year the questionnaires are sent out.

8. Types of questionnaires
1. Open or unrestricted form
2. Closed or restricted form of
questionnaire

9. Open or unrestricted form
Open-ended questions are those questions that
provide opportunity to the responder to express
their opinion for free response from the
respondent. There is predetermined set of
response they provide true, insightful and
unexpected suggestions

10. Open ended questions are those
questions which provide opportunity to the
respondents to express their opinions and
answers in their own way. There is no
predetermined set of responses. They provide
true, insightful and unexpected suggestions.

11. Closed or restricted form of questionnaire
Offers respondents a number of alternative
replies, from which the subjects must choose
the one that most likely matches the
appropriate answer.

12. Dichotomous questions: respondent to make a choice
between two responses such as yes/ no or male/ female.
Ex. Who is good in driving ?
a)Male b) female
Have you ever preached a product or services from our
website?
a) Yes b) no
Multiple choice questions: respondents to make a
choice between more than two response alternatives.
Ex. How do you get information about immunization
a) Multimedia
b) Friends
c) News paper
d) ASHA

13. Cafeteria questions: respondents to select a
response that most closely corresponds to their
view.
Ex. What do you think about the hormones
replacement therapy?
It is dangerous, should be avoid
I am uncertain about my view
It is beneficial it should be promoted
One should be causation while using.

14. Rank order questions – Respondents to rank
their responses from most favorable to least
favorable
Contingency questions: A question that is
asked further only if the respondent gives a
particular response to previous question.
Rating questions:- these questions are
response to the rank their response from most
favorable to least favorable asked to rate a
particular issue on a scale that ranges from
poor to good.

15. Likert questions: helps know how strongly the
respondent agrees with a particular statement.
These questions help to know hoe responder feel
towards a certain issues/ services.
Bipolar questions: These questions have two
extreme answers his/ her response between two
opposite ends of the scale.
Matrix questions: it includes multiple questions
and identical categories are assigned questions are
placed one under another forming a matrix.
Response categories are paced along the top and
list of questions down the side.

17. Example

18. z

19. Matrix questions

20. Characteristics of a good questionnaire
 Deals with a significant topic
 Seeks only that information which cannot be obtained
from other sources such as census data
 As short as possible, only long enough to get the
essential data.
 Attractive in appearance, neatly arranged, and clearly
duplicated or printed.
 Directions are clear and complete
 Questions are objective, with no leading suggestions to
the desired response
 Questions are presented in good psychological order,
proceeding from general to more specific responses.
 To easy tabulate and interpret.

21. Guidelines for preparing questionnaire
• Prepared according with study objective
• Concise, precise and brief
• Criticism from faculty and class members
• Trailing the questionnaire with friends
• Respondents selected carefully
• As par as possible open ended questions should be avoided
• Controversial and ambiguous questions should be avoided
• Getting permission in organization before administering
questionnaire .
• Try to get the aid of sponsorship.
• Mailed questionnaire should have introduction, purpose
and directions to fill the questions abrupt ending of the
questions and questionnaire should be avoided

22. Sequence of questions
 There should be logical sequence of the
question in the questionnaire.
 Researcher has to make sure that the answer to
questions not influenced by previous
questions.
 Questions should flow from general to more
specific
 Questions should flow least to more sensitive

23. Question construction
• Use statements that can be interpreted in same way by all
subjects.
• Use such kind of statements where persons may have different
opinions or traits and give different answers.
• Use only one aspect of the construct in which containing you
are interested
• Avoid asking double-barrelled questions containing to distinct
idea or concept
Example:- are you satisfied with pay and fringe benefits?

24. • Avoid leading, loaded, ambiguous, and long
questions.
• Avoid negative and double negative questions.
• Use positive statements.
• Assumptions should not be made about
respondent.
• Comprehensible and clear wording should be
used
• Use correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation

25. Method of administration of questionnaire
• POSTAL:-Low-cost, anonymity, not in labor
intensive
• PHONE:-High speed, details questions,
Rapport with respondent, High-respondent
rate.
• ELECTRONIC:- low cost, high speed, not
labour intensive.
• PERSONALLY ADMINISTERED:- detailed
questions, high response rate

26. ADVANTAGES OF QUESTIONNAIRE
• Low cost even when the universe is large and is widely
spread geographically.
• It is free from the bias of the interviewer; answers are
in respondents own words.
• Respondents have adequate time to give well thought
out answers.
• Respondents who are not easily approachable can also
be reached conveniently.
• Large samples can be made use of and thus the results
can be made more dependable and reliable.

27. DISADVANTAGES OF QUESTIONNAIRE
• Low rate of return of the duly filled in questionnaires
• It can be used only when respondents are educated and co-
operating.
• The control over the questionnaire may be lost once it is sent.
• It is difficult to know whether willing respondents are truly
representative.
• There is also the possibility of ambiguous replies or omission of
replies altogether to certain questions.
• This method is likely to be the slowest of all.
• Respondents may misinterpret a question, thereby limiting the
validity of the results

28. Bibliography