The document provides guidance on developing and presenting a research proposal. It discusses that a research proposal communicates a research idea to obtain approval and funding to conduct the study. It should convince readers that the research is significant and address key elements like the title, objectives, methodology, budget, and dissemination plan. Developing a clear proposal helps facilitate smooth conduct of the research project.
Research Objective
Research is an organized investigation of a problem in which there is an attempt to gain solution to a problem.
To get right solution of a right problem, clearly defined objectives are very important.
Clearly defined objectives enlighten the way in which the researcher has to proceed.
What is Research Objective?
A research objective is a clear, concise, declarative statement, which provides direction to investigate the variables.
Generally research objective focus on the ways to measure the variables , such as to identify or describe them.
Sometime objectives are directed towards identifying the relationship or difference between two variables.
Research objective are the results sought by the researcher at the end of the research process, i.e. what the researcher will be able to achieve at the end of the research study.
The objectives of a research project summarize what is to be achieved by the study.
Objective should be closely related to the statement of the problem.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
Research objectives is a concrete statement describing what the research is trying to achieve. A well-worded objective will be SMART, i.e Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, & Time-bound.
Research objective should be Relevant, Feasible, Logical, Observable, Unequivocal & Measurable.
Objective is a purpose that can be reasonably achieved within the expected timeframe &with the available resources.
The objective or research project summarizes what is to be achieved by the study.
The research objectives are the specific accomplishment the researchers hopes to achieve by the study
The objective include obtaining answers to research questions or testing the research hypothesis.
Why need Research Objectives?
The formulation of research objectives will help researcher to:
With clearly defined objectives, the researchers can focus on the study.
Avoid the collection of data which are not strictly necessary for understanding & solving problem that he or she has defined.
The formulation of objectives organize the study in clearly defined parts or phases.
Properly formulated, specific objectives will facilitate the development of research methodology & will help to orient the collection, analysis, interpretation, &utilization of data.
Types of Research Objectives
General Objective
General objectives are broad goals to be achieved.
The general objectives of the study state what the researcher expects to achieve by the study in general terms.
General objectives are usually less in number.
Steps of Writing a Research Proposal
Most proposals should contain at least these elements:
Title Page
-1st Step : Introduction
-2nd Step : Review of Related Literature
-3rd Step : Research Design
-4th Step : Data Analysis & Expected Findings
-5th Step : Reference list or bibliography
-6th Step : Budget & Expected Schedule
Data collection is a one of the major important topic in research study, It should be clear and understandable to all students, especially in graduate studies
A literature review is a search and evaluation of the available literature in your given subject or chosen topic area. It documents the state of the art with respect to the subject or topic you are writing about. It surveys the literature in your chosen area of study.
Research Objective
Research is an organized investigation of a problem in which there is an attempt to gain solution to a problem.
To get right solution of a right problem, clearly defined objectives are very important.
Clearly defined objectives enlighten the way in which the researcher has to proceed.
What is Research Objective?
A research objective is a clear, concise, declarative statement, which provides direction to investigate the variables.
Generally research objective focus on the ways to measure the variables , such as to identify or describe them.
Sometime objectives are directed towards identifying the relationship or difference between two variables.
Research objective are the results sought by the researcher at the end of the research process, i.e. what the researcher will be able to achieve at the end of the research study.
The objectives of a research project summarize what is to be achieved by the study.
Objective should be closely related to the statement of the problem.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
Research objectives is a concrete statement describing what the research is trying to achieve. A well-worded objective will be SMART, i.e Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, & Time-bound.
Research objective should be Relevant, Feasible, Logical, Observable, Unequivocal & Measurable.
Objective is a purpose that can be reasonably achieved within the expected timeframe &with the available resources.
The objective or research project summarizes what is to be achieved by the study.
The research objectives are the specific accomplishment the researchers hopes to achieve by the study
The objective include obtaining answers to research questions or testing the research hypothesis.
Why need Research Objectives?
The formulation of research objectives will help researcher to:
With clearly defined objectives, the researchers can focus on the study.
Avoid the collection of data which are not strictly necessary for understanding & solving problem that he or she has defined.
The formulation of objectives organize the study in clearly defined parts or phases.
Properly formulated, specific objectives will facilitate the development of research methodology & will help to orient the collection, analysis, interpretation, &utilization of data.
Types of Research Objectives
General Objective
General objectives are broad goals to be achieved.
The general objectives of the study state what the researcher expects to achieve by the study in general terms.
General objectives are usually less in number.
Steps of Writing a Research Proposal
Most proposals should contain at least these elements:
Title Page
-1st Step : Introduction
-2nd Step : Review of Related Literature
-3rd Step : Research Design
-4th Step : Data Analysis & Expected Findings
-5th Step : Reference list or bibliography
-6th Step : Budget & Expected Schedule
Data collection is a one of the major important topic in research study, It should be clear and understandable to all students, especially in graduate studies
A literature review is a search and evaluation of the available literature in your given subject or chosen topic area. It documents the state of the art with respect to the subject or topic you are writing about. It surveys the literature in your chosen area of study.
Academic success and promotion in medicine largely depends on the quality and quantity of received grants. Grant money brings prestige and notoriety to the writer and his institution. However, writing a grant proposal can be a challenging task especially for the inexperienced researcher. As research budgets are being reduced by many funding agencies and more researches are competing for it, it is becoming increasingly important to be able to write a grant proposal of high quality.
The purpose of this article is to give the reader guidance on how to organize a research proposal in order maximize chances to obtain the desired funding. Key aspects will be highlighted and practical tips emphasized. This article will primarily focus on writing a grant for a clinical study.
Finalizing and Reviewing the Health Research Proposal_Ashok.pptxAshok Pandey
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Grant Proposals (SF 424): K08-K23 Applications and Individual CDAsUCLA CTSI
UCLA CTSI K Workshop - February 4, 2016
Isidro B. Salusky, MD
Distinguished Professor of Pediatrics at UCLA Chief, Division of Pediatric Nephrology
Director, Clinical Translational Research Center
Associate Dean of Clinical Research
Research methodology at students of university
OBJECTIVE Meaning, definition, purpose and components of research design.
Difference between the terms research method and research methodology.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the workshop, the participants will be able to:
-Define and Classify the Types of Research
-Write the Research Proposal
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3. A research proposal is an outline of the research idea, which
helps in communicating this idea to faculty or the funding
agency, so that an approved project can be implemented.
Development of the research proposal start when the research
problem is sufficiently specified to begin work and the
researcher is satisfied that the problem is feasible. Research
proposal serves strong foundation for the actual research
study, which is conducted after a due approval by the experts
from faculty or funding agency. A well written research
proposal should convince members of the scientific
community that the research is significant. The clearer
and more precise the research proposal, the smoother
is the actual conduct of a research project. In academic
institution, the research proposal is commonly known as
synopsis.
4.
5. A research proposal is a written document specifying what the
investigator proposes to study, and is, therefore written before
the project has commenced. Proposal serves to communicate
the research problem, its significance and planned procedure
for solving the problem to the interested party. That party may
be a funding agency, a faculty advisor, or institutional officers
depending upon the circumstances.
6.
7. • Research proposal provide an opportunity to the
researcher and the expert to think through project
carefully and clarify and define what exactly to study.
• It serves as a blue print and guiding path for the
researcher to carry out the research project.
• Research proposal helps the researcher to
communicate to the supervisor, faculty, department and
funding agency what he or she is going to study, so that
the desired suggestions and support to carry out the
research project can be obtained.
8. •Proposal also helps the department to make a right
decision about allotment of guide for the candidate
pursuing a particular project.
•It also gives an opportunity to receive feedback from
supervisor and other in the academic community as
well as possible funders.
•Research proposal also serves as a contract between
researchers, guide, and university.
9. •Research proposal also can be used to seek ethical
approval from the institutional, regional, or national
level research ethical committee.
•research proposal are generally submitted to a
scholarship committee or other funding agency to seek
the financial grants for implementations of the
research project.
10.
11. Development of research proposal involves:-
Choosing a topic
Narrowing down and focusing on the topic
Formulating research objectives or questions and ideas for
analysis
Outlining the key literature in the topic area
Deciding on research methodology, research design, and
methods
Proposing an approach to data analysis
Proposing a format eg.how many chapters and suggested
chapter headings.
Developing a timeline
Developing a budget and resources required for the project
Organizing references and bibliography
12.
13. A research proposal usually consists of the following elements
1.Tittle:-
This should be specific and precise. It should not
be more than two to three lines long, and should
indicate what one intends to do or find out.
For example, validation of an algorithm on the
management of urethral discharge in CMCH,
Ludhiana Punjab
14. The title is usually only formulated after the
research problem and sub problems have been
stated in a more or less final format. The research
project title should demarcate the following;
⁂Who or /and what is researched
⁂Where
⁂When
⁂How
⁂An indication of the envisaged solution or
possible new product
15. About Investigators
☻Full names, qualification, academic titles of all the
investigators, including trainees and their institutional
/departmental affiliation.
☻The principal/main investigator should be the first
one. If there are co-investigators, these should be
indicated as appropriate with their qualifications,
academic titles, and institutional affiliation.
☻Brief up to date curriculum vitae of each of the
investigators and co-investigators should be provided.
16. Institutions under whose umbrella the research
project will be conducted
For example:
World health organization
College of nursing, All India Institute of medical
sciences, Rishikesh
Indian council medical research
17. 2.Background information and introduction
This should include:
♫A review of the relevant literature. It should be most
recent. (Majority being in the past 5-10 years at most)
♫Locally available information published or
unpublished. It may include clinical or laboratory
observations.
18. Rationale/justification for the research project
There should be a statement explaining why the
researcher feel the research project is important and
therefore should be carried out. It should not be more
than a photograph or two.
19. 3.Objectives of the study
Broad objectives: The man issues that are being
looked at/for are laid down in the broad objective.(e.g.
survey the socio-demographic and reproductive
profiles of patients with acute gonococcal urethritis)
Specific objectives: The specific issues that are being
looked at/for. These must be measurable either
qualitatively or quantitatively and from a guide to the
research methodology, data analysis, and presentation
of results. For instance:
‽To survey the age distribution of patients presenting
with acute gonococcal urethritis.
‽To assess the sexual behaviour of such patient.
21. •Hypotheses can only be formulated after the researcher has
gained enough knowledge regarding the nature, extent, and
intensity of the problem.
•Hypotheses should figure throughout the research process in
order to give structure to the research.
•Hypotheses are tentative statements/solutions or explanations
of the formulated problem. Care should be taken not to
oversimplify and generalize the formulation of hypotheses.
•The research problem does not have to consist of one
hypothesis only. The type of problem area investigated and the
extent to which it enhances the research field are the
determining factors on how many hypotheses will be included
in the research proposal.
22. 5.Methodology
It should provide relevant information on:
The type of research study: for eg. Randomized clinical trial,
descriptive, cross-sectional etc. This should reflect exactly
what the researchers intend to do.
Location of study/study settings: Where the study is going to
be conducted. All the area in/at which the survey/study will be
carried out must be indicated.
Study population: The subjects who are to be included in the
study or from which group of people of the study group going
to be drawn, for example patients presenting with multiple
pregnancy at the AIIMS,Rishikesh, Uttarakhand.
23. Study period: The entire period of the study including
preparation of the proposal, submission and approval, training,
pretesting, data collection,
If the study is in phases each must be specified and the time
for each given.
Sample size:
•Details on the sample size and how it has been arrived
at/worked out.
•Its justification
•The selection/inclusion/exclusion criteria. For e.g.:- every
10th client, randomized, every patient who consent.
•The need for, and type of, consent must be specified, and how
it will be obtained. For e.g.:- written or verbal consent
24. Data collection: the following details should be provided:-
•What information is going to be looked for/collected?
•How that is going to be done(e.g. Laboratory test or with
provision of appropriate details)?
•Requirements for the study should be listed (e.g. reagents,
culture media, or blood samples and their relevant tests). It
should include the names of the people who will takes
responsibility for each of the aspects of data collection(e.g.
who will draw blood perform the tests, do the physical
examination, interview the study group etc)
25. Data management and analysis:-
•Details should be provided on how the collected data is going
to be managed(e.g. coding)
•Details on data analysis such as the computer package to be
used in data entry and analysis. For examples SPSS 25, EPI-
INFO 6.0 e.t.c
•The type of statistical test to be used, for e.g. regression
analysis or student ‘t’ test of significance
26. Results presentation: A brief explanation of the format of the
results as they will be presented, for example:-
•Pie chart
•Histograms
•Line graphs
•Tables
27. Dissemination of the results:-
•Indicate the person or institution to whom the report
is going to be submitted and why.
•How does/do the investigator propose to disseminate
their research findings, such as
-attendance at local, regional, or international
conference/ seminars, workshops
-holding of a dissemination seminar/ workshop
-publications in peer-reviewed journals etc
28. 6.Ethical consideration
•What ethical issues need to be addressed?
•How are they going to be addressed?
•This should include protection of human subjects (client
rights).
Possible constraints
•Any envisaged problems in undertaking the study
•How these will be addressed, by whom, and when?
29. Requirements: details should be provided on the
requirements of the research project, for example:
Personnel: All the people who will be involved and
their individual roles
Training: of whom, why, when, where, by whom
Paper: for the questionnaires, report etc
Transport: what form and for what
Reagents: which, how much of each, for what, their
source
Space: how that will be obtained, where, when
30. 7.Budgetary estimate
⸙Each lines item should be quantified in monetary
terms.
⸙The investigator should indicate the amount to be
asked for and for what the institution under which the
research project will be conducted will contribute.
⸙Each item should be quantified, if possible. If it is not
possible (e.g. premises or space), it should just be
mentioned as an institutional contribution. However,
small the institutional contribution is, it should be
indicated.
⸙Subtotals for each group should be indicated and then
the grand total.
31. JUSTIFICATION OF THE BUDGET
The investigators must indicate how they arrived at
the amount of money being asked for, and how it is
going to be disbursed.
32.
33. The research proposal formally describes the
research process for the proposed problem
statement. A well written research proposal ensures
that scholars have done sufficient preliminary work
in the research committee of the organisation/
university/ funding agency. While writing the
proposal the researcher should aim to convince the
research committee that the proposal has scientific
merit and that she has identified the methodology
best suited to carry out the proposed study within
the given time frame and resources.