Student at University of Sialkot (USKT) Insta: @rehan_music

1. Subject: Intro to Research Methodology.
Department: BS-English 1st Semester.
Submitted by: Rehan Butt.
Submitted to: Sir Mudassir.

2. Research Methods
❑ Research methods are the
strategies, processes or
techniques used for the collection
of data for analysis in order to
uncover new information or
create better understanding
about a topic.
❑ There are several ways data can
be collected, depending on the
researcher’s research plan and
design
Definition

3. Types of Research Methods
 This involves the collection of
data from already published text
available in books. Literature
sources can include: textbooks,
newspapers, magazines, online
published papers and articles.
This method of data collection is
referred to as secondary data
collection. It is inexpensive and
not time consuming.
 Case studies usually involve the
detailed study of a particular
case done by a person or small
group. Various methods of data
collection and analysis are used
but this typically includes
observation and interviews and
may involve personal or public
records. Case studies have a
very narrow focus which results in
detailed descriptive data which
is unique to the case(s) studied.
Literature Review Case studies

4. Types of Research Methods
❑ Interview is a qualitative method
of data collection. Usually,
interviews are used in order to
collect in-depth responses from
the professionalsbeing
interviewed. An interview for
data collection can be conducted
through face-to-face meeting
with the interviewee(s), through
telephone orSkype.
 Survey is another method of
gathering information for
research purposes. Information is
gathered through questionnaire,
mostly based on individual or
group experiencesregarding a
particular topic or phenomenon.
Most notable ways of doing
survey are: web-based
questionnaire and paper-based
questionnaire (printed form).
Experiments Surveys

5. Types of Research Methods
 Observation method of
information gathering is used by
monitoring participants in a
specific situation or environment
at a given time and day.
Basically, researchersobserve
the behaviourof the surrounding
environmentsor people that are
being studied. This type of study
can be controlled.
Observations