Data is a collection of facts, figures, objects, symbols, and events gathered from different sources. Organizations collect data to make better decisions. Without data, it would be difficult for organizations to make appropriate decisions, and so data is collected at various points in time from different audiences.

1. DATA COLLECTION
By: Asif Nawaz
M.phil (Microbiology) 4th
Aust

2. DATA COLLECTION
Data is a collection of facts, figures, objects,
symbols, and events gathered from different
sources. Organizations collect data to make
better decisions.
Without data, it would be difficult for
organizations to make appropriate decisions,
and so data is collected at various points in
time from different audiences.
You can categorize data collection methods
into primary methods of data collection and
secondary methods of data collection.
data collected from the first-hand experience and
is not used in the past is highly accurate and is
used for research (Primary Data Collection).

3. DATA COLLECTION METHODS
Data Collection
Qualitative
Interviews
Focus Groups
Observations
Oral Histories
Quantitative
Questionnaires
Surveys
Documents
Records

4. QUALITATIVE DATA
COLLECTION
Qualitative data collection looks at several
factors to provide a depth of understanding
to raw data.
While qualitative methods involve the
collection, analysis, and management of
data, instead of counting responses or
recording numeric data, this method aims to
assess factors like the thoughts and feelings
of research participants.
Qualitative data collection methods go
beyond recording events to create context.

5. QUANTITATIVE
DATA
COLLECTION
Marketers, scientists, academics,
and others may start a study with a
predetermined hypothesis, but their
research often begins with the
collection of data.
Initially, the collected data is
unstructured. Various facts and
figures may or may not have
context.
A researcher’s job is to make sense
of this data, and the choice of data
collection method often helps.

6. TOP SIX METHODS
Interviews
Observation
Documents and Records
Focus Groups
Oral Histories
1.Questionnaires and surveys

7. INTERVIEWS
If you asked someone completely unaware of data
analysis how to best collect information from people,
the most common answer would likely be interviews.
Almost anyone can come up with a list of questions,
but the key to efficient interviews is knowing what to
ask.
Efficiency in interviewing is crucial because, of all the
primary data collection methods, in-person
interviewing can be the most expensive.
There are ways to limit the cost of interviews, such as
conducting them over the phone or through a web chat
interface.
Interviews also allow for open-ended questions.
Compared to other primary data collection methods,
such as surveys, interviews are more customizable and
responsive.

8. OBSERVATION
Observation involves collecting information without
asking questions.
This method is more subjective, as it requires the
researcher, or observer, to add their judgment to
the data. But in some circumstances, the risk of
bias is minimal.
In general, observation can determine the dynamics
of a situation, which generally cannot be measured
through other data collection techniques.
Observation also can be combined with additional
information, such as video.

9. DOCUMENTS AND
RECORDS
Document- and records-based
research uses existing data for a
study. Attendance records, meeting
minutes, and financial records are
just a few examples of this type of
research.
Using documents and records can
be efficient and inexpensive
because you’re predominantly using
research that has already been
completed.
However, since the researcher has
less control over the results,
documents and records can be an
incomplete data source.

10. FOCUS GROUPS
A combination of interviewing, surveying, and
observing, a focus group is a data collection
method that involves several individuals who
have something in common.
The purpose of a focus group is to add a
collective element to individual data
collection.
A focus group study can ask participants to
watch a presentation, for example, then
discuss the content before answering survey
or interview-style questions.

11. ORAL HISTORIES
Oral history is defined as the recording,
preservation, and interpretation of historical
information based on the opinions and
personal experiences of people who were
involved in the events.
Unlike interviews and surveys, oral histories
are linked to a single phenomenon.
For example, a researcher may be interested
in studying the effect of a flood on a
community. An oral history can shed light on
exactly what transpired.
It’s a holistic approach to evaluation that uses
a variety of techniques.

12. QUESTIONNAIRES AND SURVEYS
Questionnaires and surveys can be used to
ask questions that have closed-ended
answers.
Data gathered from questionnaires and
surveys can be analyzed in many different
ways.
You can assign numerical values to the data
to speed up the analysis.
This can be useful if you’re collecting a large
amount of data from a large population.

13. THANK YOU… 