Mixed-method research combines both qualitative and quantitative data and analysis techniques to explore research questions. It uses both methods simultaneously or sequentially. The rationale is that it brings rigor, richness, and triangulation to data collection and supports findings by using multiple data sources and methods. Researchers must justify using a mixed approach and ensure they have the expertise to deal with its complexities.

1. Mixed-Method Research in
Social Sciences
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What, why, how?
By
Dr. Muhammad Ilyas Khan,
Department of Education,
Hazara University.
Dr. Muhammad Ilyas Khan, Hazara University Mansehra, Email:
drmuhammadilyaskhan7@gmail.com

2. Definition of Mixed Methods Research
• Mixed Methods Research Design is located within the
pragmatic paradigm which emphasizes ends over means.
• The focus of research is deemed to be on exploring answers to
research questions using a variety of ways rather than
implementing a particular paradigmatic position
• A combination of quantitative and qualitative data to explore
research issues/questions
Dr. Muhammad Ilyas Khan, Hazara University Mansehra

3. Characteristics of Mixed-Methods
Research
• Represents pragmatic or non-paradigmatic research stance
• Combines qualitative and quantitative data collection
techniques
• Comines qualitative and quantitative data analysis
techniques
• Data collection process could be: Simultaneous, Sequential
or Embedded
Dr. Muhammad Ilyas Khan, Hazara University Mansehra

4. Rationale for mixed methods research
• Bringing rigour and richness to the data collected for
exploring an issue
• Triangulation of data sources/methods (Authentication)-
Supporting findings
• Generalisation of exploratory studies
Dr. Muhammad Ilyas Khan, Hazara University Mansehra

5. Precautions in doing Mixed-Methods
Research
• Justification (Why you need to conduct mixed methods
research?)
• Feasibility (Is it doable?)
• Expertise needed (Have you as a researcher got the
skills to deal with the complexities involved in doing
mixed methods research?)
• Don’t mix it up!
Dr. Muhammad Ilyas Khan, Hazara University Mansehra

6. Suggested Readings
• Morgan, D.L. (2007). Paradigms lost and pragmatism
regained: Methodological implications of combining
qualitative and quantitative methods. Journal of Mixed
Methods Research, 1(1),48-76.
• Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative,
quantitative, and mixed methods approaches.
Thousand Oaks: Sage
Dr. Muhammad Ilyas Khan, Hazara University Mansehra