Intended Learning Outcomes of this presentation are the following:
1. To enumerate methods that can be used to identify gaps in literature in perioperative nursing care in a culturally diverse healthcare;
2. To identify hierarchy of reseach designs and evaluate levels of evidence in nursing research; and
3. To appreciate the role of nursing research in producing evidences that support knowledge translation in perioperative nursing practice.
International Patient Safety Goals (IPSG) help accredited organizations address specific areas of concern in some of the most problematic areas of patient safety.
International-Patient-Safety-GoalsGoal 1: Identify patients correctly
Goal 2: Improve effective communication
Goal 3: Improve the safety of high-alert medications
Goal 4: Ensure safe surgery
Goal 5: Reduce the risk of health care-associated infections
Goal 6: Reduce the risk of patient harm resulting from falls
International Patient Safety Goals (IPSG) help accredited organizations address specific areas of concern in some of the most problematic areas of patient safety.
International-Patient-Safety-GoalsGoal 1: Identify patients correctly
Goal 2: Improve effective communication
Goal 3: Improve the safety of high-alert medications
Goal 4: Ensure safe surgery
Goal 5: Reduce the risk of health care-associated infections
Goal 6: Reduce the risk of patient harm resulting from falls
valuation is a methodological area that is closely related to, but distinguishable from more traditional social research. Evaluation utilizes many of the same methodologies used in traditional social research, but because evaluation takes place within a political and organizational context, it requires group skills, management ability, political dexterity, sensitivity to multiple stakeholders and other skills that social research in general does not rely on as much.
FISH BONE DIAGRAM IS OFTEN USED FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS AND IS ALSO AN IMPORTANT TOPIC FOR M.D. COMMUNITY MEDICINE POST GRADUATES .THIS PRESENTATION COULD BE OF SOME HELP TO THEM .
Prevention of Surgical Site Infection- SSI [compatibility mode]drnahla
Infection Control Guidelines for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection- SSI
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
After the formulation of research questions and sample selection, the next step in research chain is developing data collection instruments or research instruments.
They are measurement tools (i.e., tests, questionnaires or interviews)
They can be designed by the researcher or can be previously-developed by other researchers.
Course Project Part 3—Translating Evidence Into Pra.docxlanagore871
Course Project: Part 3—Translating Evidence Into Practice
You will combine Parts 1, 2, and 3 of your Course Project respectively into one cohesive and cogent paper.
In Part 3 of the Course Project, you consider how the evidence you gathered during Part 2 can be translated into nursing practice.
Now that you have located available research on your PICOT question, you will examine what the research indicates about nursing practices. Connecting research evidence and findings to actual decisions and tasks that nurses complete in their daily practice is essentially what evidence-based practice is all about. This final component of the Course Project asks you to translate the evidence and data from your literature review into authentic practices that can be adopted to improve health care outcomes. In addition, you will also consider possible methods and strategies for disseminating evidence-based practices to your colleagues and to the broader health care field.
To prepare:
· Consider Parts 1 and 2 of your Course Project. How does the research address your PICOT question?
· With your PICOT question in mind, identify at least one nursing practice that is supported by the evidence in two or more of the articles from your literature review. Consider what the evidence indicates about how this practice contributes to better outcomes.
· Explore possible consequences of failing to adopt the evidence-based practice that you identified.
· Consider how you would disseminate information about this evidence-based practice throughout your organization or practice setting. How would you communicate the importance of the practice?
To complete:
In a 3- to 4-page paper:
· Restate your PICOT question and its significance to nursing practice.
· Summarize the findings from the articles you selected for your literature review. Describe at least one nursing practice that is supported by the evidence in the articles. Justify your response with specific references to at least 2 of the articles.
· Explain how the evidence-based practice that you identified contributes to better outcomes. In addition, identify potential negative outcomes that could result from failing to use the evidence-based practice.
· Outline the strategy for disseminating the evidence-based practice that you identified throughout your practice setting. Explain how you would communicate the importance of the practice to your colleagues. Describe how you would move from disseminating the information to implementing the evidence-based practice within your organization. How would you address concerns and opposition to the change in practice?
Learning Resources
Required Readings
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017).
Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice
(10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
Chapter 12, “Sampling in Quantitative Research”
This chapter introduces key c.
valuation is a methodological area that is closely related to, but distinguishable from more traditional social research. Evaluation utilizes many of the same methodologies used in traditional social research, but because evaluation takes place within a political and organizational context, it requires group skills, management ability, political dexterity, sensitivity to multiple stakeholders and other skills that social research in general does not rely on as much.
FISH BONE DIAGRAM IS OFTEN USED FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS AND IS ALSO AN IMPORTANT TOPIC FOR M.D. COMMUNITY MEDICINE POST GRADUATES .THIS PRESENTATION COULD BE OF SOME HELP TO THEM .
Prevention of Surgical Site Infection- SSI [compatibility mode]drnahla
Infection Control Guidelines for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection- SSI
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
After the formulation of research questions and sample selection, the next step in research chain is developing data collection instruments or research instruments.
They are measurement tools (i.e., tests, questionnaires or interviews)
They can be designed by the researcher or can be previously-developed by other researchers.
Course Project Part 3—Translating Evidence Into Pra.docxlanagore871
Course Project: Part 3—Translating Evidence Into Practice
You will combine Parts 1, 2, and 3 of your Course Project respectively into one cohesive and cogent paper.
In Part 3 of the Course Project, you consider how the evidence you gathered during Part 2 can be translated into nursing practice.
Now that you have located available research on your PICOT question, you will examine what the research indicates about nursing practices. Connecting research evidence and findings to actual decisions and tasks that nurses complete in their daily practice is essentially what evidence-based practice is all about. This final component of the Course Project asks you to translate the evidence and data from your literature review into authentic practices that can be adopted to improve health care outcomes. In addition, you will also consider possible methods and strategies for disseminating evidence-based practices to your colleagues and to the broader health care field.
To prepare:
· Consider Parts 1 and 2 of your Course Project. How does the research address your PICOT question?
· With your PICOT question in mind, identify at least one nursing practice that is supported by the evidence in two or more of the articles from your literature review. Consider what the evidence indicates about how this practice contributes to better outcomes.
· Explore possible consequences of failing to adopt the evidence-based practice that you identified.
· Consider how you would disseminate information about this evidence-based practice throughout your organization or practice setting. How would you communicate the importance of the practice?
To complete:
In a 3- to 4-page paper:
· Restate your PICOT question and its significance to nursing practice.
· Summarize the findings from the articles you selected for your literature review. Describe at least one nursing practice that is supported by the evidence in the articles. Justify your response with specific references to at least 2 of the articles.
· Explain how the evidence-based practice that you identified contributes to better outcomes. In addition, identify potential negative outcomes that could result from failing to use the evidence-based practice.
· Outline the strategy for disseminating the evidence-based practice that you identified throughout your practice setting. Explain how you would communicate the importance of the practice to your colleagues. Describe how you would move from disseminating the information to implementing the evidence-based practice within your organization. How would you address concerns and opposition to the change in practice?
Learning Resources
Required Readings
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017).
Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice
(10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
Chapter 12, “Sampling in Quantitative Research”
This chapter introduces key c.
An introduction to conducting a systematic literature review for social scien...rosie.dunne
An introduction to conducting a systematic literature review for social scientists and health researchers presented by Luke van Rhoon Health Behaviour Change Research Group, School of Psychology, NUI Galway November 2020
NURS-6052N-37, Essent of Evidence-Based Pract.2017Discussion-1.docxcarlibradley31429
NURS-6052N-37, Essent of Evidence-Based Pract.2017
Discussion:-1
Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice
In your practice as a nurse, you may use procedures and methods that did not necessarily originate in evidence, but instead were derived from informal and unwritten conventions, traditions, and observations. While these techniques may have merit, practices are constantly being updated and contradicted by information from scholarly research studies and professional guidelines. This new information serves as “evidence” for revising practices to improve outcomes across health care.
Based on this evidence, you can formulate a question. In this Discussion, you consider the use of evidence-based practice in your own organization and formulate a question that you will need to answer for your portfolio project. This is called a PICOT question. You will also investigate strategies for overcoming barriers to implementing evidence-based practice (EBP).
To prepare:
Consider a recent clinical experience in which you were providing care for a patient.
Determine the extent to which the care that you provided was based on evidence and research findings or supported only by your organization’s standard procedures. How do you know if the tasks were based on research?
What questions have you thought about in a particular area of care such as a procedure or policy?
Review Chapter 2, pages 31–34 on “Asking Well worded Clinical Questions” in Polit & Beck and consult the resource from the Walden Student Center for Success: Clinical Question Anatomy & examples of PICOT questions (found in this week’s Learning Resources). Formulate your background questions and PICOT question.
Reflect on the barriers that might inhibit the implementation of evidence-based practice in your clinical environment.
Review the article “Adopting Evidence-Based Practice in Clinical Decision Making” in this week’s Learning Resources. Select one of the barriers described that is evident in your organization and formulate a plan for overcoming this barrier.
Learning Resources
Required Readings
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
Chapter 1, “Introduction to Nursing Research in an Evidence-Based Practice Environment”
This chapter provides an introduction to nursing research, its history, and the evolution of evidence-based practice. It includes an overview of credible sources of evidences and a description of the different paradigms used in nursing research.
Chapter 2, “Evidence-Based Nursing: Translating Research Evidence into Practice”
The focus of this chapter includes an overview of the key aspects of evidence-based practice, a review of how to identify credible research and appraise its value, and, finally, a discussion on how to take the identified evidence and convert it into a practice.
Chapter 3, “Key Concepts and Steps in Qualitative and Quantitative Research.
Starting the Research ProcessFormulating a specific, applica.docxbryanwest16882
Starting the Research Process
Formulating a specific, applicable research problem statement is an important step in beginning a research process. The problem statement defines the focus of the research study, dictates what methods and tools will be used, and sets the stage for all subsequent elements of the research process. Because of this, it is necessary to put a great deal of thought into the problem statement to ensure that the rest of the research process will be well planned and appropriate to the problem at hand.
This week’s Discussion asks you to identify evidence-based practice problems that can be addressed using quantitative research methods. Based on the practice problem you select, formulate a quantitative research problem statement. In this Discussion, you are also given the opportunity to evaluate your colleagues’ problem statements. Please refer to this week’s Learning Resources for appropriate and scholarly examples of research problem statements and how they inform the rest of the research process.
To prepare:
Determine a nursing practice problem that is of interest to you and that is appropriate for a quantitative research study.
Note:
You will continue to use this problem in the Discussions over the next several weeks.
Using the Walden Library and other credible sources, locate and read two or three articles that address your practice problem.
(you must cite the articles read in this assignment)
With your practice problem in mind, review the Learning Resources and media presentations focusing on the strategies presented for generating a research problem statement.
Ask yourself: What is the importance of my practice problem to nursing, research, and theory? How might addressing this problem bring about positive social change? How will investigating this problem support evidence-based practice?
By Tomorrow 09/06/17, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with a minimum of 3 references from the list below which include the level one headings as numbered below:
Post
1) A proposed research problem statement (it has to be related to nursing for example: could be on diabetes, heart failure or more …)
2) Including sufficient information to make your focus clear and explaining how addressing this problem may bring about positive social change.
Required Media
Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2011). Research methods for evidence-based practice: Selecting a research topic and developing a hypothesis. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 13 minutes.
In this week’s video, Dr. Leiyu Shi discusses the characteristics of a good research hypothesis and details the steps in developing a hypothesis that can be tested through research.
Laureate Education. (2011). Important events in clinical research history. Retrieved from http://mym.cdn.laureate-media.com/2dett4d/Walden/CLRA/6100/01/mm/timel.
This presentation describes the importance of literature review, how to run literature search, and how to write it. Tools to manage references are also covered.
Evidence based nursing practice is one of most important for perfect and accurate in terms of saving a life.this presentation covers almost all aspect of EBD
Advancing Nursing Research to Address Global Health ChallengesRyan Michael Oducado
I this presentation, I will delve into the significance
of nursing research, some of the global health challenges that demand our attention,
the current state of nursing research, the vital role of studies conducted by nurses in
addressing these challenges, and how we can collectively advance the cause of
nursing research. We will also explore the challenges and the hurdles that often
accompany our research journey. Furthermore, we will discuss the power of
research, the strengths of collaboration, the availability of resources, and the
dissemination of research findings to create a positive, lasting impact.
Exploring the Technology Acceptance Model in the Use of Videoconferencing Too...Ryan Michael Oducado
This study determined the influence of perceived usefulness, ease of use, and attitude toward use on students’ behavioral intention and actual use of videoconferencing tools.
Perceived Competence and Transition Experience of New Graduate NursesRyan Michael Oducado
Recruitment and hiring of new graduate nurses is seen as a potential strategy to mitigate the problem of nurse shortage. However, previous studies disclosed that new graduate nurses are inadequately prepared to enter practice and experience transition difficulties. This study aimed to determine the perceived competence and transition experience of new graduate Filipino nurses. Seventy-nine conveniently chosen new graduate nurses were surveyed in this descriptive cross-sectional research. Self-administered instruments were used to gather data. Descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U test, and Kruskal–Wallis test were the statistical tools employed. Results indicated that new graduate nurses had a high level of self-reported fundamental nursing skills (M= 7.99) and core competence (M= 8.16), although areas needing improvement were identified. There were no significant differences in the perceived competence based on the length of experience, year graduated, area of assignment, sex, type of school graduated, CPD participation, and hospital bed capacity (p> .05). The major difficulty experienced by new graduates during their transition was related to changes in role expectations (72.2%). Majority expressed the need for increased support during their transition (83.5%). The most satisfying aspects of their working environment were ongoing learning (81%) and peer support (74.7%), while the least satisfying was the negative nursing work environment (55.7%). New graduate nurses are equipped with the necessary nursing skills and core competencies. However, there are still gaps and areas needing improvement that should be addressed and supported to assist them in their transition to the world of professional nursing practice. Follow up, feedback, mentoring, and preceptorship are beneficial to enhance the competencies of new graduate nurses and facilitate their successful transition into the nursing workforce.
Stress, Satisfaction, and Academic Performance in Online Learning among Sopho...Ryan Michael Oducado
This descriptive-correlational determined the undergraduate nursing students’ stress, satisfaction, and academic performance in online learning during COVID-19 pandemic. The research participants were the 108 second-year undergraduate nursing students from one nursing school in the Philippines. The data were collected using a web-based survey questionnaire and then analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rho correlation. The results revealed that the undergraduate nursing students considered having online learning during the COVID-19 outbreak to be stressful (44.4%) and very stressful (47.2%). Moreover, the undergraduate nursing students had low satisfaction (37%) and moderate satisfaction (46.3%) having the online learning during the COVID-19 outbreak. The undergraduate nursing students’ academic performance were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and resulted in poor (37%) to fair (50%) academic performance and were considerably (43.6%) and greatly (30.6%) affected by the pandemic. Online learning stress had a significant and inverse correlation with online learning satisfaction (rs=-.370, p=.000) and academic performance (rs=-.240, p=.012). Stress negatively impacts the undergraduate nursing students’ satisfaction and academic performance. This research suggests that certain measures should be performed to reduce stress and improve the online teaching–learning processes during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Perceived stress due to COVID1-9 Pandemic among Employed Professional TeachersRyan Michael Oducado
The unexpected occurrence of the COVID-19 outbreak has undeniably disrupted the normalcy of life. Stress has become an important concern in education since the COVID-19 outbreak. This descriptive-correlational online survey administered in August 2020 utilized the COVID-19 Perceived Stress Scale (COVID-19 PSS-10) to assess the COVID-19 perceived stress among employed Filipino teachers. Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tested for differences while Spearman’s rho was used to analyze correlation between variables. Results demonstrated that more than half of teachers experienced moderate COVID-19 stress. Females experienced significantly higher COVID-19 stress compared to males. A negative correlation was noted between self-rated health and COVID-19 stress while a positive correlation was found between perceive risk of getting COVID-19 infection and COVID-19 stress. This study highlights that steps must be undertaken to help teachers deal with the stress of the COVID-19 crisis as well as they must be provided or taught with stress management interventions during this pandemic. This study could be used as a baseline for future research to assess the impact of COVID-19 stress among professional teachers.
Nursing Students’ Attitude Toward Responsible Use of Social Media: Toward Soc...Ryan Michael Oducado
As future professionals, nursing students are expected to exhibit online professionalism and to be responsible users of social media. However, the rapid sharing of information on social media exposes nursing students to the risk and danger of spreading unprofessional behaviors. This study aimed to determine the nursing students’ attitude toward responsible use of social media. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was utilized among nursing students (N=298) in a College of Nursing in Iloilo City, Philippines. The Responsible Use of Social Media Attitude Scale (RUSMAS) was used to collect the data and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. Results revealed that while majority of nursing students had positive attitude, there were still a few who were ambivalent toward responsible use of social media. A significant difference was found in the attitude of nursing students when grouped according to year level. Academic nursing institutions should continually educate students on responsible use of social media and develop approaches promoting social media literacy in nursing education.
Correlation between Theoretical Classroom Instruction and Related Learning Ex...Ryan Michael Oducado
To determine the relationship between performance in theoretical classroom instruction and related learning experience (RLE) of nursing students of WVSU.
Facebook for Educational Purposes among Gen Z Nursing Students: A Positive or...Ryan Michael Oducado
The Gen Z has started to enter the portals of nursing classrooms. They are technology and socially-savvy consumers who grew up in the world of internet and smartphones. Yet, little is known about this generation particularly among Gen Z nursing students and how they use Facebook for academic purposes. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted to determine nursing students’ usage, perception, satisfaction and difficulties with Facebook for educational purposes. A total of 113 second year students in a Nursing College in the Philippines participated in the survey. Data were collected using an adopted questionnaire administered via online survey. Descriptive and inferential statistical tools were used to analyze the data. Results indicated that majority of nursing students moderately use Facebook for educational purposes to communicate, collaborate, and share academic or learning materials. They generally had a good perception of and were highly satisfied with using Facebook for educational purposes. The main challenge reported by four out five nursing students in the use of Facebook as an educational platform was distraction from other Facebook contents. There was a significant positive relationship between usage and perception in the use of Facebook for educational purposes. While Facebook showcases promising potential as a positive disruptive innovation for learning, challenges associated with its use in education must be properly addressed. Careful consideration and thoughtful planning when integrating Facebook in nursing education are necessary for nursing schools to maximize the benefits of Facebook as a supplemental educational tool.
This informational pamphlet was created by the authors as an output for the study on zika virus disease.
Disclaimer: Photographs, illustrations and other images are not owned by authors and are available in the world wide web. References are also provided regarding the written contents of this informational brochure.
This brochure was created by the authors as an output for the study on health literacy.
Disclaimer: Photographs, illustrations and other images are not owned by authors and are available in the world wide web. References are also provided regarding the written contents of this informational brochure.
A Qualitative Description of Millennial Nurse Administrators’ Perspectives on...Ryan Michael Oducado
Abstract: Millennial nurses are beginning to accept leadership roles and soon will take over the healthcare industry because nurse administrators who belong to the Baby boomer generation will soon retire and leave the workforce. However, the perspectives on leadership and practice environment of millennial nurse administrators were not well-explored and investigated. Eight (8) millennial nurse administrators of tertiary hospitals in Iloilo City were purposively chosen. Through a qualitative descriptive inquiry, data were gathered using a semi-structure interview. Qualitative content analysis was employed in analyzing the transcripts of the study participants revealing meaningful patterns of categories as to their perspectives on leadership and their work environment, feelings and challenges. Millennial nurse administrators perceive leadership by way of directing, guiding, empowering and modeling to staff. They viewed their practice environment as having harmonious relationship while maintaining professional relationship among the healthcare team members, upholding standards and ensuring client satisfaction as a measure of quality care. Millennial nurse administrators shared feelings of being overwhelmed at the start yet fulfilling in the end. Lastly, they had challenges in dealing with older staff and in assuming the full responsibility and accountability of their unit. Considering the complexities in the healthcare profession, millennial nurse administrators cope with the responsibilities brought by their position as the major key players to ensure that the operations of the unit abides with the standards of practice. Underscoring the importance of staff relations without depriving the quality of nursing care services, millennial nurse administrators must be provided with understanding and support to enhance their leadership skills as they advance into higher leadership positions.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
Telegram: bmksupplier
signal: +85264872720
threema: TUD4A6YC
You can contact me on Telegram or Threema
Communicate promptly and reply
Free of customs clearance, Double Clearance 100% pass delivery to USA, Canada, Spain, Germany, Netherland, Poland, Italy, Sweden, UK, Czech Republic, Australia, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan.Door to door service
Hot Selling Organic intermediates
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Surgical Site Infections, pathophysiology, and prevention.pptx
Research Gaps and Evidences in Perioperative nursing
1. Research Gaps
and Evidences in
Perioperative
Nursing Care in a
Culturally Diverse
Healthcare
RYAN MICHAEL F. ODUCADO, MAN, MAEd, RN, RM, LPT
2. Hello!
Nice to meet you.
2
RYAN MICHAEL F. ODUCADO
Faculty, College of Nursing
West Visayas State University
Contact at: rmoducado@wvsu.edu.ph
A nursing faculty
and researcher
Not an operating
room nurse
Most studies
conducted are of
Level 5 and 6
evidence
Not intended to be a
comprehensive
lecture
Declares no conflict
of interest
Major references of
this presentation are
available at wwwDISCLOSURE
11. Major
References
Samnani, S.S., Vaska, M., Ahmed, S., & Turin, T.C. (2017).
Review typology: The basic types of reviews for synthesizing
evidence for the purpose of knowledge translation. Journal
of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan,
27(10), 635-641
11
12. Major
References
Grant, M.J. & Booth, A. (2009). A typology of reviews: an
analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies.
Health Information and Libraries Journal, 26, 91-108
12
13. Major
References
Paré, G., & Kitsiou, S. (2017). Chapter 9 methods for
literature reviews. In F. Lau & C. Kuziemsky (Eds).
Handbook of ehealth evaluation: An evidence-based
approach. Victoria (BC): University of Victoria;
13
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
1. enumerate methods that can be
used to identify gaps in literature
in perioperative nursing care in a
culturally diverse healthcare;
2. identify hierarchy of reseach
designs and evaluate levels of
evidence in nursing research;
and
3. appreciate the role of nursing
research in producing
evidences that support
knowledge translation in
perioperative nursing practice.
14
After 45 minutes of lecture-
discussion, the participants
shall:
17. “
What is evidence-based practice (EBP) ?
“the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of the
current best evidence in making decisions about
the care of individual patients.”
Sackett, Rosenberg, Gray, Hayes, & Richardson (1996)
17
19. The Five steps
of evidence-
based practice
Step 1:
Ask a
question
Step 2:
Find the
best
evidence
Step 3:
Evaluate
the
evidence
Step 4:
Step 5:
Evaluate
the
outcome
19
Apply information in
combination with clinical
experience and patient values
23. Gaps in nursing literature
To enumerate methods that can be used to identify gaps in
literature in perioperative nursing care in a culturally diverse
healthcare
23
👉
24. 2.
Finding
evidence
▪ The next step after formulating the clinical
problem is to investigate the relevant
evidence to answer the question.
▪ Some research designs are stronger than
others in terms of their ability to respond to
research questions.
▪ Systematically reviewing all available work
for each type of question is better than any
work (Huic, 2008).
24
25. 2.
Finding
evidence
▪ The best evidence research should begin
especially by taking the elements of
PICO(T) question into account.
▪ Each key word coming from the PICO(T)
question is used to start searching (Melnyk
et al, 2011).
▪ However, the quality and relevance of a
research is variational.
▪ Therefore, the strength of the study
should be understood.
25
28. • Summarizes a topic that is broad in scope
• Generally descriptive
• May use sources that are biased
• Does not define what types of studies will be included
• Methodology of the literature search is not always
given
• Good source for starting reading lists and literature
searches
• Not generally considered a good source for clinical
decision making
28
Narrative Review
29. • Answers broader questions beyond those related to
the effectiveness of treatments or interventions
• Still comprehensive but much broader; may involve
multiple structured searches
• May examine the extent, range, and nature of the
evidence on a topic or question; determine the value of
undertaking a systematic review; summarize findings
from a body of knowledge that is heterogeneous in
methods or discipline; or identify gaps in the literature
to aid the planning and commissioning of future
research
• Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI)
29
Scoping Review
30. • Useful in formulation of a problem, may be related to
practice and/or policy especially in nursing
• Commonly include non-experimental research, such as
case studies, observational studies, and meta-
analyses, but may also include practice applications,
theory, and guidelines
• Have a clear and precise search and selection criteria
• Selected literature are analyzed, not just
summarized --articles and groups of articles
compared, themes identified, gaps noted, etc.
30
Integrative Review
31. • Answers a specific clinical question; specifically include
experimental research studies
• Defines a specific search strategy; list what will be
included and excluded in articles selected
• Purpose is to reach some conclusion regarding the
topic.
• The first stage of meta-analysis studies.
• PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses)
31
Systematic Reviews
32. • Looks at studies from a systematic review
• Combines similar studies and pulls data to get a
statistically significant result
• Importance because statistical analysis may overturn
results of smaller clinical trials
32
Meta-analysis
37. Evidence
Table
37
Author,
Year
Purpose/
Aim of the
study
Design,
Sample
and size
Measurements
and analysis
Main
results and
conclusion
Strength of evidence/
Study Quality Appraisal
(1) the aims and
objectives of the research
are clearly stated,
(2) the design is clearly
specified and appropriate
for the aims and
objectives of the research,
(3) the researchers
provide a clear account of
the process by which their
findings were reproduced,
(4) the researchers
include enough data to
support their
interpretations and
conclusions, and
(5) the method of analysis
is appropriate and
adequately executed
Dixon-Woods, et al, (2006) Criteria for Quality Appraisal &
modified Best Evidence Medical Education Coding sheet
39. 39
Objective: To search for the scientific evidence available on nursing
professional actions during the anesthetic procedure.
Method: An integrative review of articles in Portuguese, English and
Spanish, indexed in MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, National
Cochrane, SciELO databases and the VHL portal.
Results: Seven studies were analyzed, showing nurse anesthetists’ work
in countries such as the United States and parts of Europe, with the
formulation of a plan for anesthesia and patient care regarding the
verification of materials and intraoperative controls. The barriers to their
performance involved working in conjunction with or supervised by
anesthesiologists, the lack of government guidelines and policies for the
legal exercise of the profession, and the conflict between nursing and the
health system for maintenance of the performance in places with
legislation and defined protocols for the specialty.
Conclusion: Despite the methodological weaknesses found, the studies
indicated a wide diversity of nursing work. Furthermore, in countries
absent of the specialty, like Brazil, the need to develop guidelines for care
during the anesthetic procedure was observed.
40. 40
Objective: To know the nursing care performed in the
perioperative period.
Method: Integrative Review of literature in the databases Base
de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF) and Literatura Latino-
Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Content
analysis has been applied for analysis.
Results: 23 papers and two categories: Perioperative nursing
care and the organization of perioperative nursing care. In the
first category, the guidelines in nursing care in are identified, as
well as the prevention of hypothermia and skin lesions. In the
second category, the studies show strategies to offer quality
assistance through the organization of nursing work such as
implementing models of care.
Conclusion: The results reflect the characteristics of nursing
care in the perioperative period and allow reflection on nursing
care in different periods of the surgical experience.
41. 41
Background and Aims: Operating room is a quiet place and serious that
there will be any extra noise to the distraction and interfere with verbal
communication between people. However, numerous studies have
shown that a significant relaxation in the operating room does not
establish silence and may be used to achieve this purpose; the quiet
sound of music .This study is a systematic review about the effects of
music on the healing process of patients in the operating room.
Methods: We systematically reviewed the literature from Medline
(PubMed), The Cochrane Library, Ovid, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest and
Google Scholar published between 2000 and 2016. The search strategy
included a combination of Mesh and Free Keywords, “Music ” , “Music
Therapy ” , “Operating room ” , “operating theatre ” , “surgery room ”, in
all fields. Also the publication types of review and articles were included
and meetings abstract, editorials, brief commentaries, letters, errata and
papers that Subtopics were also excluded.
42. 42
Results: Our initial search identi fied 480 abstracts. Application of the
inclusion/exclusion criteria resulted in 17 articles for review. Findings
indicated that music has a positive effect on patient perception of anxiety,
pain and satisfaction some times, but it was relatively ineffective when
there is a severe pain. Also findings showed that loud music played in
operating theatres hinders the ability of nurses to hear instructions. On
the other hand surgeons speed increase with music played in operating
theaters.
Discussion: Music is a free way to improve patients stress and pain
before and during surgery. Although there isn ’t enough evidence in order
to draw a net conclusion about the effect of music in operating rooms.
43. 43
Objectives To define the target domains of culture-improvement
interventions, to assess the impact of these interventions on surgical culture
and to determine whether culture improvements lead to better patient
outcomes and improved healthcare efficiency. Background Healthcare
systems are investing considerable resources in improving workplace culture.
It remains unclear whether these interventions, when aimed at surgical care,
are successful and whether they are associated with changes in patient
outcomes.
Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science and Scopus databases were
searched from January 1980 to January 2015. We included studies on
interventions that aimed to improve surgical culture, defined as the
interpersonal, social and organisational factors that affect the healthcare
environment and patient care. The quality of studies was assessed using an
adapted tool to focus the review on higher-quality studies. Due to study
heterogeneity, findings were narratively reviewed.
44. 44
Findings: The 47 studies meeting inclusion criteria (4 randomised trials and
10 moderatequality observational studies) reported on interventions that
targeted three domains of culture: teamwork (n=28), communication (n=26)
and safety climate (n=19); several targeted more than one domain. All
moderate quality studies showed improvements in at least one of these
domains. Two studies also demonstrated improvements in patient outcomes,
such as reduced postoperative complications and even reduced
postoperative mortality (absolute risk reduction 1.7%). Two studies reported
improvements in healthcare efficiency, including fewer operating room
delays. These findings were supported by similar results from low-quality
studies.
Conclusions: The literature provides promising evidence for various
strategies to improve surgical culture, although these approaches differ in
terms of the interventions employed as well as the techniques used to
measure culture. Nevertheless, culture improvement appears to be
associated with other positive effects, including better patient outcomes and
enhanced healthcare efficiency.
45. 45
Background: Meta-analyses of the implementation of a
surgical safety checklist (SSC) in observational studies have
shown a significant decrease in mortality and surgical
complications.
Objective: To determine the efficacy of the SSC using data
from randomised controlled trials (RCTs).
Methods: This meta-analysis followed the Preferred
Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO
(CRD42015017546). A comprehensive search of six
databases was conducted using the OvidSP search engine.
46. 46
Results: Four hundred and sixty-four citations revealed three
eligible trials conducted in tertiary hospitals and a community
hospital, with a total of 6 060 patients. All trials had allocation
concealment bias and a lack of blinding of participants and
personnel. A single trial that contributed 5 295 of the 6 060
patients to the meta-analysis had no detection, attrition or
reporting biases. The SSC was associated with significantly
decreased mortality (risk ratio (RR) 0.59, 95% confidence
interval (CI) 0.42 - 0.85; p=0.0004; I2=0%) and surgical
complications (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.57 - 0.71; p<0.00001;
I2=0%). The efficacy of the SSC on specific surgical
complications was as follows: respiratory complications RR
0.59, 95% CI 0.21 - 1.70; p=0.33, cardiac complications RR
0.74, 95% CI 0.28 - 1.95; p=0.54, infectious complications RR
0.61, 95% CI 0.29 - 1.27; p=0.18, and perioperative bleeding
RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.23 - 0.56; p<0.00001.
47. 47
Conclusions: There is sufficient RCT evidence to suggest that
SSCs decrease hospital mortality and surgical outcomes in
tertiary and community hospitals. However, randomised
evidence of the efficacy of the SSC at rural hospital level is
absent.
48. 2.
Finding
evidence
▪ Articles obtained as a result of literature
review may not always contain clinical
evidence at the same quality level.
▪ Therefore, the "quality level" (evidence
strength pyramid) of the resources and the
information used in the clinical decision-
making process that concerns the treatment
and care of the patient should be
considered.
48
49. Evidence in nursing research
To identify hierarchy of reseach designs and evaluate levels of
evidence in nursing research.
49
👉
50. ▪ Nurses are required to use evidence-based
practice as they are responsible for a
significant amount of judgments and
decisions every day, and therefore, they
must use research literature as part of their
clinical decision-making.
▪ Understanding the differing levels of
evidence, and their reliability, is paramount
to making correct and appropriate health
care decisions.
50
51. 3.
Critical
assessment
of the
evidence
▪ The third step in the EBP process is of vital
importance because it involves a critical
assessment of evidence from the search process
(Melnyk et al., 2011).
▪ When an article is evaluated, it is first determined
which type of study has been used, that is, where
in the evidence strength pyramid it is located
(Yılmaz & Çöl, 2014).
▪ The answers to these questions show that the
evidence is effective on a specific population in
health practices.
51
52. Critical assessment is carried out by responding to three
key questions that are part of the assessment process
so that the trial can be valid.
1. Validity
2. Reliability
3. Practicality
52
3.
Critical
assessment
of the
evidence
53. 1. Are the trial questions valid? (Validity):
Are the results of work as close to reality as
possible?
Did the researchers carry out the study using the
best research methods?
53
3.
Critical
assessment
of the
evidence
54. 2. What is the outcome? (Reliability):
Did the intervention work?
How big is the treatment effect?
Can the clinicians obtain similar results with the
intervention method they practiced in their clinics?
54
3.
Critical
assessment
of the
evidence
55. 3. Can the results be helpful to patient care and
treatment? (Practicality):
Is the trail subject related to the patients currently
under treatment?
Do the benefits of the treatment outnumber its
harms?
Is the environment convenient for the treatment?
Is the patient willing for the treatment?
55
3.
Critical
assessment
of the
evidence
59. Nursing
Research
Pyramid
Nursing Research
Hierarchy / Levels of
Evidence
59
• Provides a visual and systematic depiction of
forms of research from the least reliable (base)
to the most reliable (apex).
• Pyramids vary slightly from source to source
which can be confusing.
• To further add to the varying hierarchies “there
is currently no universally agreed upon
hierarchy of evidence for study types that seek
to answer questions about patient’s experiences
and concerns (Del Mar et al, 2013).
62. Level 6.
Case Controlled
Studies, Case
series and Case
Reports
▪ A case controlled study, or a case report, can be
defined as an in-depth research study of an individual
unit, a group or other social unit (Burns and Grove,
2009; Jackson and Borbasi, 2008).
▪ A case series is defined as a report on a series of
patients, or cases, who have an outcome of interest or
may have received some intervention (Del Mar et al,
2013) whereas the NHMRC (2009) state it is a single
group of people exposed to a intervention (factor
under study).
▪ Slightly more reliable but there is a potential for bias in
recalling information and the quality may be affected if
the information is collected retrospectively (Jirojwong
and Pepper, 2013).
62
63. Level 5.
Cohort studies
▪ Cohort studies is defined as a study which
categorises participants according to the level of
exposure to risk factors who are then followed over
a period of time to observe the possible occurrence
of a disease (Jirawong and Pepper, 2013)
▪ It a longitudinal, observational study where
differences in outcome are observed and related to
the initial differences (Del Mar et al, 2013).
▪ Becoming more reliable.
▪ Observational studies are good at answering
questions about prognosis, diagnosis, frequency
and aetiology but not questions regarding the effect
of an intervention (Del Mar et al 2013 p.24).
63
64. Level 4.
Random
Control Trials
▪ This is an experimental form of research where
participants are randomised in to two, or more,
different groups with each group receiving a
different intervention. At the end of the trial the
effects of the different interventions are then
measured (Del Mar et al 2013 p.25).
▪ The results are gathered and decisions can be
made once it is evident that one intervention is
more effective than another.
▪ Very Reliable/Gold Standard.
▪ Random Controlled Trials are able to quantify the
effects of intervention hence they are higher up the
pyramid than Cohort studies (Koch et al 2008)
64
65. Level 3.
Critically-
Appraised
Individual
Articles (Article
Synopses)
▪ Increasing reliability of findings.
▪ A synopses is the evidence of an individual
article with an expert telling you its strengths
(Wilczynski and McKibbon 2013).
▪ This is less reliable than Critically Appraised
Topics as there is less evidence on single
articles than in a synthesis of a topic using
several papers.
65
66. Level 2.
Critically
Appraised
Topics
(Evidence
Syntheses)
▪ Very high reliability.
▪ Synthesising research publications entails the
categorising of a series of related studies,
analysing and interpreting their findings and then
summarising those findings in to unified
statements.
▪ The potential lack of standardisation can
undermine the validity.
66
67. Level
1a/1b.
Systematic
Reviews and
Metaanalysis
▪ The most reliable of all.
▪ Systematic reviews, and Meta-analyses, of
primary research into human health care and
health policy are recognised internationally as
the highest standard in evidence-based care
(Cochrane Community 2015; Jirojwong and
Welch 2013 p.284).
67
74. Summary
74
Nurses need to learn how to identify gaps and
appraise evidence to support nursing care.
Acquiring evidences and identifying gaps involve
a systematic process of looking into the literature
of what was done.
There are several models of appraising levels of
evidence.
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are the
gold standard of looking for evidences in nursing
practice.
80. Thank you very much
for your time.
80
If you have any questions about my presentation
please don’t hesitate ask.
Presentation is available at:
https://www.slideshare.net/roducado