This document discusses the meaning and types of metaphor. Metaphor is a figure of speech that directly equates two different concepts or ideas to provide clarity or identify hidden similarities. There are several types of metaphor including simple, complex, dead, dying, mixed, and compound metaphors. The document also mentions the diachronic and synchronic development of language over time and through history versus just in the present moment without historical context. Examples of metaphors are provided from Krishna, lovers in India, betrayal, and Shakespeare.