Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) was a highly influential 20th century French philosopher and founder of deconstruction. Born in Algeria to a Jewish family, Derrida experienced discrimination as a child. In his work Of Grammatology, Derrida introduced ideas like how language relies on contrasts between signs to generate meaning, and how meaning is never fully present but deferred through an endless chain of signifiers. Deconstruction examines philosophical assumptions about concepts like presence and meaning, arguing they rely on binary oppositions that require and undermine each other. Derrida's work had wide-ranging impacts across many academic fields through challenging prevailing assumptions.