Requirements Engineering - System Vision
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9th slide set of CECS 542 How to develop a system vision using the rich pictures approach by Monk and Howard
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Requirements Engineering - System Vision
- 1. Requirements Engineering: System Vision CECS 542 Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 1 Photo credit: Ryan Holloway, Unsplash
- 2. Context Layer System Layer Requirements Layer Stakeholder Model Objectives & Goals Constraints & Rules ! ! ! ! ! Data Model E A A A E System Vision Functional Hierarchy Architecture Overview System Function Model Fun 1 Fun 2 Component Model C C Data Model E A A A E Behaviour Model Business Case Deployment Requirements System Constraints Domain Model Service ModelUsage Model Quality Requirements Risk List Project Scope Process Requirements Glossary Glossary Glossary Today‘s learning goals • What is a system vision? – Defini@on, characteris@cs, meaning and purpose – Interdependencies between system vision and other RE content • Overview of – Types of system visions – System visions in the context of analyis (informa@on sources, QA) • System vision in context of AMDiRE • Understanding of typical problems 2
- 3. System Vision • What is a system vision? (defini@on, characteris@cs, purpose) • Interdependencies between system vision and other RE content • Methods: Types of system visions • Analysis: Informa@on sources and QA • System Vision in AMDiRE • What are the problems/challenges? Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 3 K Rayker, stock.xchng
- 5. Defini@on: System vision • Def.: The system vision is a joint vision of the system agreed upon by all ac@ve stakeholders • Characteris@cs – Big picture – Abstract • Purpose – Agreement on what this project is about – Easy communica@on with stakeholders Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 5
- 8. System Vision • What is a system vision? (defini@on, characteris@cs, purpose) • Interdependencies between system vision and other RE content • Methods: Types of system visions • Analysis: Informa@on sources and QA • System Vision in AMDiRE • What are the problems/challenges? Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 8 K Rayker, stock.xchng
- 9. Context Layer System Layer Requirements Layer Stakeholder Model Objectives & Goals Constraints & Rules ! ! ! ! ! Data Model E A A A E System Vision Functional Hierarchy Architecture Overview System Function Model Fun 1 Fun 2 Component Model C C Data Model E A A A E Behaviour Model Business Case Deployment Requirements System Constraints Domain Model Service ModelUsage Model Quality Requirements Risk List Project Scope Process Requirements Glossary Glossary Glossary Connec@on to RE content items • Input – Business Case – Stakeholders – Goals – Domain Model • Output – Usage Model – Quality Requirements – Risk List 9
- 10. System Vision • What is a system vision? (defini@on, characteris@cs, purpose) • Interdependencies between system vision and other RE content • Methods: Types of system visions • Analysis: Informa@on sources and QA • System Vision in AMDiRE • What are the problems/challenges? Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 10 K Rayker, stock.xchng
- 12. Method: Rich picture Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 12 drawing the rich picture are included in this structure to remind themselves that put on her to reduce th in her department. Som department may have a job may be de-skilled o laid off. The thought b cerns in Figure 1 make brewery, the employees the customers each hav perspectives on what th Finally, tensions betwe be highlighted. The “cr serves this purpose. In F shown to be in tension w sumably through their co ited pool of customers. with crossed swords is a step to precisely identify concerns and how they m Table 1 lists some of th for an effective rich pict serve to prevent the rich p ing overloaded with detai having a rich picture that the people who have give tion (Item 4 in Table 1) is back to them for review. elicit new information and interpretation. The discip guage of the work contex Table 1. Elements of an Effective Rich Picture Element Comment 1. Include structure Include only enough structure to allow you to record the process and con- cerns. The latter requires that all the people who will use or could con- ceivably be affected by the introduc- tion of the new system be included. 2. Include process Do not attempt to record all the intri- cacies of process; a broad brush approach is usually all that is needed 3. Include concerns Caricature the concern in a thought bubble (see Figures 1–3 for exam- ples). A fuller explanation may be provided in a supplementary docu- ment 4. Use the language of This will make the rich picture com- the people depicted in it prehensible to your informants 5. Use any pictorial or textual There is no correct way of drawing a device that suits your purpose rich picture. There are as many styles as analysts and the same analyst will find different styles useful in differ- ent situations [Monk & Howard, 1998]
- 13. Example: Web Design Consultancy Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 13 [Monk & Howard, 1998] processes, and concerns significant to them. SSM’s focus on the stakeholders’ viewpoint shares much with various participatory design that identifies the stakeholders and the work setting. Figures 1–3 are examples of this type of rich picture. Additionally, a rich picture of Figure 2 Rich Picture of Web Design Consultancy FISHY WEB INC. Profit? Long term reputation? Director AdministrationMarket Research Web Analyst HTML Coder Strategy Documents Need more time Competitor Companies Current Clients Resources Data Work Problems Solutions Analysts I don’t have enough time to talk to the user Concepts If only I had more powerful tools Potential Clients Focus? Bias? Marketing Expectations Standards Professional Society of Web Designer Good job done dirt cheap Marketing Fishy Web Inc. Project Team
- 16. Example: Cold Storage Warehouse Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 16 [Monk & Howard, 1998] P 27i n t e r a c t i o n s . . . m a r c h + a p r i l 1 9 9 8 include Monk et al.’s simplified user testing procedure Cooperative Evaluation [13] and Nielsen’s simplified usability inspection tech- nique, Heuristic Evaluation [17]. With these techniques, prototypes and scenarios are cru- cial parts of communication between designer and user. Without these concrete representa- tions of the design, little communication can occur. With them, however, both user and designer can develop common ground by focusing on actions and tasks. A rich picture can serve a similar communicative function much earlier in design when one is thinking about the general work context and the con- straints this imposes. Monk [12] describes how a rich picture can be used as the first step in a lightweight design process, to reason about the redesign of the Figure 3. Rich Picture of a Cold Storage Warehouse
- 18. System Vision • What is a system vision? (defini@on, characteris@cs, purpose) • Interdependencies between system vision and other RE content • Methods: Types of system visions • Analysis: Informa@on sources and QA • System Vision in AMDiRE • What are the problems/challenges? Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 18 K Rayker, stock.xchng
- 20. • Workshop with stakeholders • Domain knowledge • Crea@vity techniques – „W“ ques@ons – Brainstorming – Progressive abstrac@on – Mindmap – Morphological box – Osborn checklist Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 20 Informa@on Sources
- 22. Mindmap 22
- 24. Quality assurance • Understandability • Readability • Completeness Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 24
- 25. System Vision • What is a system vision? (defini@on, characteris@cs, purpose) • Interdependencies between system vision and other RE content • Methods: Types of system visions • Analysis: Informa@on sources and QA • System Vision in AMDiRE • What are the problems/challenges? Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 25 K Rayker, stock.xchng
- 26. System Vision in AMDiRE • Includes – Structure – Process – Concerns • Elements – System border – Others systems in the context – Features / usage – Rela@on to important stakeholders Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 26 Context Layer System Layer Requirements Layer Stakeholder Model Objectives & Goals Constraints & Rules ! ! ! ! ! Data Model E A A A E System Vision Functional Hierarchy Architecture Overview System Function Model Fun 1 Fun 2 Component Model C C Data Model E A A A E Behaviour Model Business Case Deployment Requirements System Constraints Domain Model Service ModelUsage Model Quality Requirements Risk List Project Scope Process Requirements Glossary Glossary Glossary
- 27. System Vision 27 à How to: Take input from Stakeholder Model, Domain and Goals to sketch: • System scope • Major features • Business context • Opera@onal context • Stakeholders • Concerns Car Sharing Community Search Register Data Base WebApp Par@cipate Car pool
- 29. Challenges • Scoping: clear system boundary • Reasonably complete • Self-explanatory • Next steps: System vision for the OpenMRS system Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 29 Context Layer System Layer Requirements Layer Stakeholder Model Objectives & Goals Constraints & Rules ! ! ! ! ! Data Model E A A A E System Vision Functional Hierarchy Architecture Overview System Function Model Fun 1 Fun 2 Component Model C C Data Model E A A A E Behaviour Model Business Case Deployment Requirements System Constraints Domain Model Service ModelUsage Model Quality Requirements Risk List Project Scope Process Requirements Glossary Glossary Glossary